Bala Fedor Alekseevich Golovin biography, izici imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

(. 1650-1706 GG) Golovin Fedor Alekseevich wahlala ekuqa- kwezinkathi ezimbili: nezikhathi ephakathi yesimanje emlandweni Russian. Lo muntu akazange ivelele izimpi, futhi amakhono akhe kodwa kwanhlanga izithunzi. Kule ndaba, Fedor Alexeevich Golovin igrafu ulwazi ngaphansi evulekile kunamanye ababephila uPeter Omkhulu. Noma kunjalo, leli nani liye ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile esimweni Russian.

Golovin Fyodor Alekseevich: Biography emfushane

Mayelana yobuntwana intsha sibalo azikho imininingwane eminingi. Golovin wazalwa ngo-1650 imfundo Primary wathola endlini kayise. Kusukela esemncane wabonisa Fedor ilukuluku, kwaba elungele ukwamukela okufundayo kakhulu ngokwazi ukuthi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe kuye kwaba ngcono ngempumelelo. Russian ebhaliwe inkulumo yakhe kwaba lengenamaphutsa. Ngiseyingane, wafundiswa Latin. Uthisha wakhe wayengumhumushi Andrei Belobotsky. Ngezinye ubudala amadala, Fedor Alekseevich Golovin ukufunda ngokukhululeka zabuna waba nengxoxo ngesiLatini. Ngemva kwalokho, wafundisa yena English-Mongolian. Ngo 1681, njengoba wommeli Golovin kwaba e-Astrakhan, noyise. Ngemva kwalokho, yena yanikezelwa elisezingeni umphathi.

Eyokuqala umsebenzi zamanxusa

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XVII waqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo bezwe lase-Amur - Dauria. izizwe abahlala lapho akhokhe intela yonyaka elingamathalenta ayizinkulungwane 7-9. p. Uhulumeni waseRussia, yena, iqhutshelwe phambili kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni esifundeni Amur ukwakha kumila ukudla lapha Eastern eSiberia. Ngo-1654 lapha Yakhiwa ejele Albazinskiy. Izikhathi eziningana uhlaselwe. I last senzeka ngo 1686. I ukuhlaselwa lesitha aphethwe abantu 826 izinyanga 10. Ngenxa yalokho, bukhoma 70 abasele. Uhulumeni waseRussia uye wahluleka ngaleso sikhathi ukuwusekela ephumelelayo sabantu e Dauria. Ngo-1685 uPeter waphendukela kuKesari Kang-hsi nge umbuzo ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele. uhulumeni waseRussia bakusebenzisa lokhu futhi uthumele umsebenzi zamanxusa ukuphetha isivumelwano sokuthula. Disemba 25, 1685 Golovin Fedor Alekseevich waqokwa Plenipotentiary Ambassador China. Into Engakwenza Dauria wathatha izinyanga 21, nge izitobhi. Ukufika e-Tobolsk, Golovin eqoqwe Cossack ibutho labantu 1,400. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Pashennoye abalimi, isigebengu futhi bedingisiwe zezombusazwe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isimo esishubile e iBaikal esifundeni. Ngo-January 1688 amaMongol Khan yafuna ukudluliswa sokwethembeka futhi abantu intela okhokhela ovinjezelwe Udinsk futhi Selenginsk. Ngo-September Golovin lamabutho waxosha abahlaseli yahlulwa esifundeni. Sokwelusa umhlambi taishas ibutho, ekuqedeni usongo Transbaikalia. Ngemva lesi sabelo waya Nerchinsk. Kulomuzi, babambe izingxoxo. Agasti 12 izithunywa Russian futhi Chinese wahlangana okokuqala.

Nerchin indatshana

Ngo-August 27, umhlangano wesithathu amanxusa. Emhlanganweni, nifunde umbhalo sivumelwano ngezilimi ezintathu: lesiManchu, Latin futhi Russian. Ezihlokweni yesivumelwano Kwamiswa imingcele kwezifunda p. Gorbitz, izintaba itshe (Sanovomu yokhalo) kanye oLwandle Okhotsk. ERussia ingxenye yayo eyisibambiso ukubhubhisa eqinisa sifundazwe Albazinskogo futhi ukuletha izikhonzi zakhe. Nge bokuphakama lempi, uhulumeni waseChina ukwaze ikoloni Ekude yeRussia okwesikhashana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Fedor Alekseevich Golovin UMbuso wawuvikela kwesokudla kuya ensimini Trans-iBaikal futhi oLwandle Okhotsk. Umngcele ngqo phakathi uthi Kumiswa kuphela sifinyelela phakathi Amur. ERussia lezwakala lizwe lokuqala eYurophu kungase ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ukuhweba khulula ne China. osomaqhinga Russian baye kakhulu anxenxa zihlanganisa isihloko efanele kuleli indatshana. Ukuthula okuhlala njalo, eyasungulwa inkontileka, waba obaluleke ngokukhethekile zezombusazwe eRussia. Ezinye izihloko zakhe benzé phambi kuciniswa kwesivumelwano Aigun 1858

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Fedor Alekseevich Golovin mathupha wengamela nokuqinisa Nerchinsk. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqaba wokhuni Udinsk Yakhiwa ayewengamele. Futhi, intela izinkokhelo fur usubuyiselwe nezinhlanga onkotskih, anobuhlobo, tunguzskih, tabunutskih. -Mongolian lomphangi eziqhelelene ukuhlaselwa abangu kwawona beqondiswa Golovin endaweni elawulwa yi-Russia. Ngo 1689, wathumela lowo mkhankaso sifinyelela ongenhla. Argun. Kube kwatholakala itshe elinensimbi esiliva.

Azov umkhankaso

Emaphephabhukwini esayensi namanje impikiswano mayelana iqhaza bosomaqhinga ezimpini kude olwenziwa. Okwamanje, waba nendima ephawulekayo isikhala izinhlamvu nokudla izimpahla impi Russian, kanye nokunikeza umbono omuhle e-Europe ngezinhloso waseRussia amayadi angu ku 2nd Azov mkhankaso. W-May 1696 the isigaba elaliholwa Admiral Fyodor Golovin, kwavela kusukela Voronezh. Galley "Printsypum" bekunomhlangano. Kwanqunywa ukuhlasela imikhumbi emibili okwehange imigwaqo ngezansi Azov. Nokho, ngemva Uphenyo luveze ukuthi kwakukhona 24 nezitsha ezincane futhi 13 emikhunjini-Turkish. Sanquma ukuba bahlehlise ukusebenza. May 20 Cossack lamabutho Minyaeva ehlaselwa ngoxhaxha emi imigwaqo abaseTurkey. Imikhumbi yayishisiwe, futhi abanye - uhlakazekile. Julayi 19 Azov isikaniso umaluju.

"I-embasi Omkhulu"

Ngemva Princess UZandile ukuthi tonsured indelakazi, futhi V. Golitsyn wadingiselwa, ukuze amanxusa kanye uhulumeni waqala ngokusemthethweni ahole LK Naryshkin - umalume inkosi. Nokho, ukuba isidakwa sybarite, ayenakho isikhathi esincane enikelwe ibhizinisi. Zonke empeleni esikhundleni wabusa E. I. Ukraintsev - umabhalane omkhandlu. Nguye e kuqale uDisemba 1696 imemezele isimemezelo zombusi mayelana ukuhlonyiselwa mission kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Injongo yalo kwaba ukuhlanganisa amabutho ekulweni ubudlova Turkish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetru wancika uxhaso lempi Christian uthi. Ukulungiselela Iinhlangano mission elele Golovin ngokuphelele. Mashi 10, 1697 osomaqhinga ayebashiyile. Nikolsky. May 18 Umsebenzi efika e eKönigsberg, Aug 16 - Amsterdam, 16 Juni - Vienna. Yonke indawo amanxusa Russian banikwa lokumamukela omangalisayo. Amanxusa kanye ikakhulukazi Ukubala Fedor Alekseevich Golovin, wathola okuningi izipho eziyizikhumbuzo. Nokho, injongo umsebenzi ayizange izuzwe. Njengoba nje Kwathi ukuqondisa izingxoxo, futhi amakhosi amakhosi amazwe aseYurophu yayiba zithembiso temlomo azenziwanga isipele yinoma yimuphi imali ngokubhala phansi izivumelwano. Noma kunjalo, imisebenzi amanxusa kwaqeda inyumbazana zombusazwe Empire Russian, kanye isekuhlanganiseni zidayise global eYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Fedor Alekseevich Golovin mathupha wengamela futhi beqondisa ukunxenxa isevisi Russian komyalelo wokungabi 800 onjiniyela, odokotela, amaphoyisa. With iqhaza lakhe, amashumi ezinkulungwane ngezibhamu kwathengwa nge ashaya, ezazingekho eRussia. Golovin kulomsebenti isibe uhlobo esikoleni yezingxoxo zezombusazwe European. E Vienna, wathola isibusiso nkosi nezipho eziningi. Golovin ngemva Menshikov waba isakhamuzi Russian yesibili, avuselwa isihloko Ukubala of njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma.

imisebenzi yokuqondisa

Ngemva kokubuya Elikhulu Mission Golovin waba yinhloko phezu Novgorod, Little isiRashiya, Ustyug, Smolensk, oda Yamskogo, Mint, ikota Galician, iChamber of isiliva begolide, kanye Armoury. Lokhu kokuphakama ibonisa hhayi kuphela ithemba olungenamkhawulo sikaPetru kodwa futhi wamathalenta siqu, umthwalo okukhethekile kanye nokusebenza zamanxusa. Noma kunjalo Golovin baqhubeka sinake kakhulu Logistics yempi. Februwari 19, 1699 waba yinhloko yezizwe Ambassadors ye-oda. Onyakeni owawandulele - Disemba 11, 1698 - wabahola umnyango asolwandle. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Golovin babengenawo ulwazi ezanele noma isipiliyoni ezindabeni asolwandle. Kule ndaba, imisebenzi zasolwandle oqondile, akangenelanga. imisebenzi yaso zihlanganisa nokuqasha ngoba wasemanzini impi, ukulawula ukukhiqizwa nokuhweba izikhali, ezokuthutha kanye nokunye.

Nempi Sweden

Lungiselela impi eRussia ekhuthele, kodwa iye thiya eziningi izinkinga zomnotho. umsebenzi omkhulu zamanxusa kwenziwa ngaphambi ukusebenza langempela kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amazwe akazange abonise ngisho nesifiso sokugcina Russia. Noma kunjalo, umbuso wabizwa embassy Austria, Turkey, eHolland Poland. Ngakho waqala ukwakha ezigungu zamanxusa, nolwazi lwabo knowledges akahlukile Western. Imizamo izibalo ziye zanciphisa umsebenzi Karl XII, esangenza uPetru ukubuyisela ibutho ngemva kokunqotshwa at Narva. Impi kanzima mpilo isimo. Ngo-1699, igama project ephepheni Golovin wanyathela sithunyelwe. Njengoba inhloko yalawa Mint, ubelokhu nokuphatha Efimkov recoinage e zemali Russian. Ngenxa ukwehla Ingxenye esiliva isikhathi esifushane, ukuzinza kwezezimali osekuzuziwe.

eminyakeni yamuva

Isigqi wokuphila Golovin sasishubile kakhulu. Entwasahlobo ka-1706, uPetru wayengomunye e-Ukraine, zilindele ayehlasela abaseSweden. Kusuka lapho, wabuza kuye Golovin. Ngo-May, ebhalela Airport, okuyinto ithunyelwa Kiev. Nokho, abanye ibhizinisi esiphuthumayo ambamba. Kuphela ekupheleni June, wakwazi ukushiya eMoscow. Kuleli dolobha elihle lasendulo, yahlatshwa ukugula futhi washona ngo-July 30, kakade Glukhov. On the isikhathi sokufa kwakhe Navy kwaba kuqhutshwa inkonzo yomngcwabo. Umngcwabo kwenzeka kuphela Februwari 22, 1707 g, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa le ukufa. On oda siqu UPetru wenziwe oqoshiwe. Kubonisa ukuthi umngcwabo yayihluke aluhlaza kakhulu.