Njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma: A Brief History

Njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma - union eziyinkimbinkimbi zezombusazwe, okwaqala ngo-962 kuya ku 1806 futhi engase emelela zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu Ephakathi, umsunguli owawungumnyaka uMbusi Otto I. sokuthuthwa kwempahla eliphakeme (1050), ngaphansi uHenry III, ukubunjwa zawo zazilotshiwe German, Czech, indawo Italian futhi waseBurgundy. It zamila East Francia ezishaya indlalifa Velikogo Rima, ngokuvumelana nomqondo ephakathi «translatio imperii» ( «inguqulelo Empire"). Engcwele uMbuso WaseRoma emelelwa umzamo oqotho ukuze ngivuselele isimo.

Nokho, ngo-1600 kwaba kuphela kusuka emthunzini inkazimulo yangaphambili. Inhliziyo kwaba eJalimane ukuthi le nkathi wayemelele principalities eziningi, yenzeke yaso ezimele ngaphansi kwegunya kombusi, ngubani angakaze isimo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nanhlanu, it is ngokuvamile ngokuthi uMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma Empire of the German isizwe.

Insimu ezibaluleke kakhulu ingeyamakhosi electors eziyisikhombisa yombusi (inkosi yase eBavaria, Margrave saseBrandenburg, uMbusi Saxony, LasePalatine we Rhine, nababhishobhi abakhulu abathathu - Mainz, TRIER futhi Cologne), okubhekiselwe kuyo njengoba ikilasi lokuqala. Eyesibili kwakuba isikhulu okungezona akhethwe, eyesithathu - zabaholi 80 khulula emadolobheni yasebukhosini. Abamele izigodi (izikhulu, ezo, makhosi, amakhosi) babe kwakuthiwa kuncike kombusi, kodwa ngamunye wabo ubukhosi phezu komhlabathi wabo, futhi wenza njengoba ebona kufaneleka, esekelwe yezakhi yabo. Njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma wayengakwazi ukufeza komuntu umshado onjalo zezombusazwe, obabukhona eFrance esakhé esikhundleni ibe endlalekile, elinganiselwe ohlanga kobuholi, eyakhiwa amakhulu sub-amabhlogo, principalities, izifunda, imperial emadolobheni khulula nakwezinye izindawo.

Umbusi wayebuye ephethwe ezweni lakubo e-Inner, Upper, Lower naseNtshonalanga Austria, elawulwa eBohemia, eMoravia, yeSilesia futhi Lusatia. Le ndawo ebaluleke kakhulu eCzech Republic (Bohemia). Lapho uRudolf II waba umbusi, uye kuchazwe nekomkhulu lalo ePrague. Ngokusho bokuzibonela bokugcwaliseka, wayengumuntu, ehlakaniphile, indoda ezithakazelisayo eliphusile. Nokho, ngeshwa, uRudolf wahlupheka neziqubu ukusangana, ukuluthwa uye savela ukuthambekela yayo ukucindezeleka. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa khulu kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza isakhiwo sikahulumeni. Zonke amandla aminingi wayenethonya ilungelo ezandleni Matthias, umfowabo, nakuba Akaphindanga igunya phezu kwawo. izikhulu German wazama ukusebenzisa hhayi kuphela akunjalo noMbutho, futhi kunalokho, kwaba khona uqhekeko phakathi kwawo ukusizakala lolu daba, kodwa ngenxa (1600).

Ngakho, ngoba kubeka ngamafuphi ukuthi kuthiweni. INGQOPHA-MLANDO ezindaweni inyunyana zezombusazwe: kumiswa uMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma kwenzeka ngo-962. Otto, umsunguli wayo, wagcotshwa ngu Pope eRoma. Kusukela 1600, amandla ama-emperor lalimane nje okuzisholo.

Nakuba abanye babo abaye bazama ukushintsha isikhundla sabo, ukuze uqinise abaseenkhundleni, imizamo yabo bekakhandelwa lopapa nezikhulu. I last kwakukhona uFranz II, okuyinto, ngaphansi kwengcindezi Napoleon Mina, wenqaba isihloko, kanjalo ophela ukhona.