I siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov" (1905), njengoba kwakungelula nango

Namuhla kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ukuthandwa omkhulu abakujabulela emashumini lokuqala isithombe yaseSoviet yokuthuthela edume Russian lasolwandle uLieutenant PP Schmidt. Umlando wakhe wayazi zonke izingane Soviet ayefuna ukuba njengezizwe le wamavukelambuso ziyaphawuleka, futhi ukuvukela crew we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov" kwathathwa njengosongo ikhasi ekhazimulayo emlandweni izinguquko kanye kuzalwa njengebika ngokunqoba amandla abantu.

Kungani Alitshalwa uLieutenant edlubulundayo

Kulesi sikhathi zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni elivuthiwe isikhulu edlubulundayo, owayehola mutinies, kubonakala futhi ukuba akayikhohliwe, kodwa wakhumbula ezingavamile. Ikakhulukazi ngemva kwenye "wamavukelambuso ', induna ngabesithathu Sablin, sacishe saholela eSoviet antisubmarine ezinkulu umkhumbi" wabathengi "e-Sweden (1975), ukusunduza ubuholi be-USSR izimfuno zezombusazwe. Ukufana izimo sevukelombuso ezimbili, ahlukaniswe isikhawu sesikhathi ngokuhlola ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa, ngomqondo, yayenza isithunzi phezu uLieutenant Schmidt. aziwayo kakhulu yiwona izenzakalo "Potemkin".

Amabili kuvukela efanayo

Ikhumbule ngasekupheleni abafundi sezenhlalo pores okuxubile iziqephu ezimbili ezenzeka lasemanzini Russian phakathi empini Russian-Japanese. On the yempi "Prince Potemkin Tauride," yokucasukela amatilosi ukudla ezimbi yaphenduka isiyaluyalu, kulandele ubudlova futhi izisulu. Isiphathamandla aminze olwandle wahlabela zonke izindlela, yaqala ngaleso sikhathi wezikhali imizuliswano at Odessa. Lo mkhumbi kwesokunxele eRomania, lapho wavalelwa, nethimba - yahlakazeka.

Kwenzeka into ethi ayifane e Sevastopol, hhayi kuphela "Ochakovo", kodwa ngakolunye imikhumbi Sea Fleet. Umehluko kwaba ukuthi, kuzo zonke lezi zihlubuki e-Odessa begasela umlando weza kuphela itilosi Vakulenchuk Kushone isikhulu ngenkathi kuzanywa zikuqede. I siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov" eliholwa isikhulu, ongumkhulumeli Naval Tsarist elite Russian. Yena ukhunjulwa imiyalezo umbukwane emfushane okuwuphawu yocingo kuKesari. Futhi isibalo izisulu kulesi sikhathi kwaba okukhulu.

Mayelana nomlando

Russia - leli zwe elikhulu. On endaweni yayo States angomakhelwane baye hankered njalo emva, yokufisa sengathi ubambe kancane ukuze zihambelane nabo. kwavela usongo Far waseJapane. Ngo-1904, ngenhloso ukunweba ezibonakalayo indawo kwakukhula kuze kube ngokugcwele impi. Ngu ukuthi iRussia usulungile, kodwa ubuholi wezwe kwaholela kabusha hhayi ngokushesha okwanele. Noma kunjalo, amanzi phakathi neminyaka embalwa ezaqaliswa Cruisers enamandla amaphrojekthi yamuva.

Uchungechunge engisanda imikhumbi Rank kwakuhlanganisa "Heroes", "U-Oleg" futhi "Kagul". Cruisers Ukuba evikelwe yephrojekthi kwaba "Ochakov". Le mikhumbi yayingamamitha speedboat waba namandla wezikhali izikhali, futhi ukuhlangabezana zonke izidingo isayensi asolwandle ngaleso sikhathi. Amatilosi naleyo sasiyizingalo mayelana 565 amatilosi. Cruiser kwadingeka ukuthi ivikele nogu wobaba olwandle ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke umbuso.

I ilwa neJapane

I ilwa neJapane owawuse ngakho kabi. babe Izizathu zalokhu eziningana - amabutho kabi aqeqeshelwa inhlanhla elula ezimbi obonakaliswe ukulahlekelwa ngephutha Admiral Makarov emigwaqweni ePort Arthur. Kwakukhona umuntu ohlakaniphe Japanese futhi umsebenzi, kubonakala esibanzi phansi amandla ukuzivikela Russia futhi babangele imizwa wokunganeliseki. Yiqiniso, umuntu angabona baphikisa ngokuthi ongalwazi Wesici wahlela siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov". Usuku November 13 imakwe usuku lapho umkhumbi wasuka la maphoyisa, abathuthela kulesi yokungamlaleli iqembu nokwesaba kokuthi abulawe. Ngaphandle ekuhlaziyweni izenzakalo ezidlule ayiqondakali ngezimo isiphithiphithi.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Konke lokhu kwaqala emuva ngo-Okthoba, ngesikhathi kuqhubeka isiteleka zezombusazwe Zonke-Russian. Ngu ukuhlela lesi senzo intelligence zezombusazwe Japanese Yiqiniso, isimo sengqondo, nakuba ayinaso isiqinisekiso sokuphumelela. Izibhelu zenzeka, kuhlanganise eCrimea. Ujantshi isiteleka, abasebenzi kwezindlu ukuphrinta, amabhange kanye namanye amabhizinisi amaningi. inkosi yama-Manifesto ka-October 17 akuyona selehlile le nentshiseko fighters ngoba kwenkululeko civil, kunalokho, zisamukele le dokhumenti njengoba lobuthakathaka. ULieutenant Schmidt wakhuluma rally. Esikhathini zisakaza we ukuboniswa, abantu abayisishiyagalombili bashonile, iningi uLieutenant phakathi kwezinye abangobhongoza owawumaphakathi waboshwa, kodwa kakade 19 Okthoba Schmidt emhlanganweni City Council njengoba nesihambeli esivela abantu. Kuleli qophelo amandla Sevastopol cishe iyiswe izihlubuki, oda ilawulwa abezempi abantu, hhayi i-amaphoyisa esisemthethweni. Kamuva, Schmidt ngeke akhulume emngcwabeni wezisulu crackdown ezonikeza inkulumo somlilo. Yena uboshelwe khona lapho ngokushayela futhi igcinwe kuze kube Novemba 14 phezu yempi "Osanta ezintathu" ezicashe ngokukhwabanisa olusemthethweni. Wadedelwa lapho selwenzekile kakade kwavukelwa phezu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov" nezinye imikhumbi eziningana Sea Fleet.

Yayiyini Schmidt

Petr Petrovich Shmidt wahlala iminyaka engu-38 kuphela, kodwa ngekusasa lakhe u ngesandla esivuleke kangaka egcwele izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, ukuchaza kwakuzothatha incwadi, mhlawumbe, hhayi elilodwa. Isimilo uLieutenant sasikanye nzima, futhi izenzo zakhe yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi impikiswano, uma kungekhona ukuyichaza ezinye logic kuzo. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uPetru wayehlushwa enesifo sengqondo, okuyinto akamshiyanga konke ukuphila kwakhe - kleptomania. Ukwambula eseyingane, e junior ekilasini wokulungiselela we Naval College, umfana waqala ukweba izinto ezincane kusuka abanye abafundi. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wonke umuntu wayazi le nsizwa waphawula intukuthelo yakhe embi kakhulu kanye nobuhlungu, kubangelwa hypertrophic ngokuziqhenya. Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe e-Navy, ngandlela-thile wakwazi ukushada yisifebe Dominica Pavlová, okuyinto wamethula Michael Stavrakis (endleleni, nguye ngo-1906 uzoyala ukubulawa Schmidt). Kuphela umsuka umndeni ekhazimulayo asolwandle hhayi kanye, ukulondolozwa kabili insizwa ukuxoshwa imikhumbi.

Ukuze wonke amaphutha ayo isikhulu has a ikhono elimangalisayo lokuxoxa umthwalo nesayensi navigation yingcweti kahle nezinye ngokuhlakanipha zasolwandle, wayemthanda ukudlala cello. Ngemva ukuthola isikhundla Midshipman isikhulu uPetru Schmidt ithole ushiye - ngalesi sikhathi, lapho ayesebenza embonini ye imishini yezolimo. Esikhathini esizayo, lokho kwamnika isizathu ukuzibheka njengongcono njengoba indoda eyayazi ukuphila kwabantu abavamile. Lapho ithuba lokuba abadumile, wahola siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov" - ngo-1905 baba nesikhathi yayo sidereal.

banner amavukelambuso

historiography Esemthethweni Soviet wagomela ukuthi izenzakalo ezisencwadini 1905 babe sekhaya ezinkulu zezombangazwe nezomnotho, kepha uma kungengakho ukuzithandela ngumuntu othatha izinqumo futhi esinye isikhulu, babengeke, okungenani e Sevastopol. Eqinisweni, i-siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov" okulungiselelwe kanye lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako: zonke Schmidt, futhi iqembu ukushaqeka, ehlanganisa amalungu komhlaba kwamaBolshevik NG Antonenko, SP privateers futhi A. I. Gladkova. kusobala ukuthi kwakudingeka umuntu uyawuthanda udumo ezithile futhi egqoke iyunifomu asolwandle. On isikhulu obucacile waphawula kunazo zonke, ezinsukwini odlule wokuvukela. Ngakho Schmidt waba ngumphefumulo ophilayo "banner." Leli qhaza kusobala ithandiwe.

Njengoba Schmidt wayala imikhumbi

I siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov" senzeka ngoNovemba 13 Novemba 14 kakade efika ngomkhumbi ebugqilini emigodini uLieutenant, benazo epaulets induna besigaba sesibili. Kukhona incazelo: ngokuhambisana etafuleni bezigaba elilandelayo ngemuva lesikhulu sombutho wayelingana ncamashí isihloko, futhi uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi, ke bayonikezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Nokho, iqiniso nje ukuthi ukulwa ngokumelene autocracy unomusa kuya ezingeni futhi amamaki, kusho okuningi. Abafike isikhulu somkhumbi ngokushesha ngaphambilini otsemaforit ukubusa yayo esikhundleni sokuba induna yonke le mikhumbi, nokunikela kuKesari incwadi yocingo afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye yezinguquko kwezombangazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ehambela amayunithi eziningana ezempi kanye ngempumelelo athonya nabasebenza ukusekela mbuso.

Grigorieva version

Iqiniso lokuthi umyalo asolwandle ngokushesha ngaphambilini ukucindezelwa ngokushesha futhi ononya yokuhlubuka, lutho emangalisayo wayengekho. Kodwa lezi zenzakalo, kukhona esinye isizathu esiyimbangela evumela ngokuhlukile kancane azibonayo kubo. Isazi-mlando esidumile Anatoly Grigoriev ka kwavukelwa ku "Ochakovo" utlole ezihlokweni eziningi zazo kuyacaca ukuthi ongavamile ngesikhathi isinyathelo rigidity. Iqiniso liwukuthi imikhumbi sihlubuki cishe ngokushesha bavulela ngenhlamvu esindayo, okuyinto baqhubeka emva mission ukulwa yacishe okwafezwa futhi ukumelana is bebengaphuzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu akakhiphanga Repulse egcwele, njengoba umsebenzi ngalo ingakamiswa igcwaliswe - wayesemathuneni Esigabeni nezikhali yidemoni, okuyinto Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu wayazi.

Inguqulo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: ngokungafani kuya ngaphambili umkhankaso emkhunjini "Hercules" chungechunge, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Russian "Ochakov" Yakhiwa ukwephulwa eminingi yobuchwepheshe, nokwakhiwa iye sihambisane nokusebenzisa kabi igunya, obonakaliswe ngokukhwabanisa evamile. Abantu abathintekayo kulesi ukukhwabanisa lobugebengu, wafuna ukufihla iminonjana. Lapho ukuvukela kwaqala impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov", bacabanga ukuthi ithuba ukuqeda ubufakazi, owawungumnyaka umkhumbi ill-fated. Umphumela uye waba izisulu eziningi umonakalo ezinzima emkhunjini. Ukucwila futhi kuhlulekile - ngisho nokweba, eyakhelwe unembeza nenkosi.

Imiphumela

Namuhla kungenzeka ukwethula awokuthi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. I siphambeko impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov", njengamanye amacala amaningi mass tekungalaleli kwezempi lasolwandle, kwaba umphumela ukuvukela umbuso ka-Social Democratic Party, baphikisana ngazo zonke izindlela ukuba buthaka Russia tsarist ngisho nalapho lokhu kulimaza yokunqotshwa ezimpini. Izinkinga emabuthweni ahlomile, yebo, bashaywa. Ukungezelela kilokho, bayabambisana futhi luyohlale kunoma yiliphi izwe. Uma esanele eliphezulu ukudla kuyimbangela yokuhlubuka (nezibonelelo ezinqala ngokuvamile, bekulokhu ezinhle kakhulu, ngisho ngezindinganiso zanamuhla), abaholi bezwe kufanele ucabange kanzima futhi sithathe izinyathelo esiphuthumayo futhi ezinqala ukuze kuvinjwe anjalo esikhathini esizayo. Naphezu waba ukushintshwa kwezigwebo zokufa ngokumelene abangobhongoza (Schmidt, Gladkov, futhi Antonenko Chastnik badutshulwe ku Berezan), tiphetfo sina ayengazange kwenziwe. Sekube nezinye izenzakalo eziningi imidlalo ebanga usizi, ngokuthi inguquko yokuqala isiRashiya, ingxenye okwakukhona zabhikisha phezu impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Ochakov". Usuku "1905" bese zonke ababethi igazi umbala obomvu.