Indaba Mingrelian emlandweni eSoviet Union

5 Mashi 1953 umholi esifayo eSoviet Union, Iosif Vissarionovich uStalin. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, watshela abezindaba, osopolitiki kanye ngisho nengxenye imicimbi eminingi. Izingxabano mayelana nendlela okuhle noma okubi kwaba yinkathi imisebenzi kukaStalin kuze kube yilolu suku. Isithakazelo kwakungenjalo kakhulu ekubamba kwengcondvo lehlukahlukene njengobe ngemibono. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele le ndaba ngokuningiliziwe Mingrelian, okuyinto ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, uStalin akuqedanga.

Kubuyeketa inkambo uStalin waqala neqiniso ukuthi Party Congress uqala ziyaphikisana kwaba icala kweqiniso Mingrelian ngokumelene Beria.

Kulesi sigaba yomlando Soviet esiqine okwakuthandelene izinkinga kazwelonke we-Soviet Union, okuyinto benendawo nhlangothi zombili of eCaucasus Mountains. Bendzawo sehlukaniswe kwamaqembu, phakathi lapho amakhulu eminyaka ibe khona impi. Amandla enza elonakele akakwazanga ukuxazulula izinkinga sabantu. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha ukuba umkhankaso Mingrelian, kafushane ichazwe ngala imigqa.

Stalin ekupheleni eningizimu

Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1951 Iosif Stalin wathumela kuya eningizimu e iholide sazo sokugcina ngo-ukuphila. Wayekhona Tskhaltubo, uma kuziwa uNgqongqoshe uMnyango KaHulumeni Wezokuphepha (MGB) we Georgian SSR UNikolai Rukhadze. Ingxoxo liphendulwe ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe we Mensheviks laseGeorgia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Rukhadze futhi ukhulume mayelana nenkohlakalo ezenziwa kuleli Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, uhlongoza ekwakheni umzimba ekhethekile ukulwa ukufumbathisa.

By endleleni, le mibuzo bakhulela ngaphambi futhi Stalin wabagcina e emehlweni ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II. "Leningrad Affair", "icala esinagogeni ngasese" emzini Novokuznetsk neminye imikhankaso eziningi zokucindezela babe amacala ngezinye izikhathi esilula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo elwisana nenkohlakalo yabo isisekelo ayikwazanga ngawo atholakala engenabufakazi.

indaba Mingrelian iqala neqiniso ukuthi ngenkathi abasebenzi libhubhisa MGB Rukhadze Georgia eyandulela ayekufake ukumelana nemithi eyayithola unobhala yesibili TSKKP (b) Georgian SSR Mikhail Baramia futhi Lavrenti Beria, owayeneminyaka iPhini uStalin.

Ukugqashuka kwempi phakathi Rukhadze nemigoqo

Phakathi Mihailom Baramiey futhi Rukhadze iqala impi yangempela. Izimfuno benziwa ukuthumela isikhonzi zamanje ukuba asule esikhundleni wahlulelwe ngenani enkulukazi amacala. Icala Rukhadze zizokwenzeka 1955, lapho Beria kumele babulawe, futhi Stalin efa. UNgqongqoshe GB of Georgia enquma ukuba acele ukusekela Umholi Omkhulu, kwaba isinyathelo esihle kakhulu.

Novemba 9, 1951 eshiya isinqumo ukuthi lithole isihloko "Ukufumbathisa eGeorgia mayelana iqembu anti yangaphandle nemigoqo." Naphezu kwezinyathelo ezathathwa ukuze ukuqeda ubukhohlakali, umphumela esewenzile awuzange ngakho etheksthini ngesinqumo. Kwathiwa waveza ukuthi ama-apharathasi kwamandla eGeorgia lonakele futhi uyabavikela ukufunjathiswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinqumo uveza ukuthi uma iqembu Mingrelian Uzonikezwa wenqaba efanele, kungase kube abantu abasha uzoqhubeka ibhizinisi labo, mhlawumbe ngisho nakwezinye izifunda zezwe. Kulokhu, iCommunist Party of Georgia, kungenzeka liphuke zibe yizicucu eziningana.

indaba Mingrelian abizwa kanjalo ngenxa, ngokuvumelana iziphathimandla e Georgia iqembu ngokuyinhloko Mingrelians. Baramia, Rapava, Shonija, CHICHINADZE futhi Kuchava balahlekelwa imisebenzi. Kwavezwa ukuqala inkulumo-ze umsebenzi ngokumelene nawo.

ngemibuzo

Kuqalwe uphenyo futhi zaqala umkhankaso wokubopha, okuyinto kwalethwa kusukela eMoscow wazibonela abasebenzi e-MGB. I wayephenywa kwenziwe isitayela okungukuthi kakhulu okusikhumbuza Beria futhi Rukhadze: zisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ummangalelwa wanika nokuvuma zamanga. Okubi nakakhulu nakulawo esetshenziswa ukuphoqwa ngokomzimba: isiboshwa isikhathi eside uhleli endlini abandayo, ezimazombe ezingalweni zakhe futhi ngozankosi, washaywa ngezinduku, engalali kahle isikhathi eside, bebulawa indlala, nokuningi. Etholwe "ubufakazi" yaya kubantu, ngemva kwalokho-ke sivunyiwe isinqumo isimo LamaKhomanisi ku Georgian SSR. It wagomela ukuthi eGeorgia, amaphutha nokushiyeka emsebenzini iziphathimandla ezazikwenza lihamba kancane kakhulu.

indaba Mingrelian wembula ukuthi iqembu eliholwa Baram kuhlelwe kombuso. Ngo-March 27, unobhala lokuqala CP CC (b) Candide Charkviani walahlekelwa umsebenzi, futhi indawo yakhe esithathwayo Alexei Mgeladze. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi ushintsho esisemthethweni uhulumeni, kanye oluthathwa Charkviani isitha zabantu ukwenza kube Lavrenty Beria, abancome kuye endaweni yangaphambili umsebenzi.

Beria akazange owayengalokotha angawulaleli ngesicelo uMholi Omkhulu, khona-ke ewela ngaphansi amehlo yophenyo. Futhi Kuboshwe Vardo Maksimelishvili owayesebenza Major izikhulu Zezokuvikela Zikahulumeni zangena laseGeorgia futhi kwaba ngaphansi ukusekelwa Lavrenty Pavlovich. Uphenyo ayikwazanga ashiye umyeni wakhe, owayesebenza-MGB. Julayi 16, 1953 Beria yavuma ukuthi wayehlala Maksimelishvili ngaphambi kokuba beshadile.

Uphenyo wayefuna ukuya induna Samegrelo, kodwa Iosif Stalin efa. Beria, ngubani ephethwe i Wezangaphakathi zase-USSR, ikomidi ukubukeza izinto eziningi, kuhlanganise Mingrelian. Lokhu kwakudingekile ukuze ukukhulula abantu abazinikezele ukuba ubabuyisele izikhundla eziphezulu kanye ukuthatha amandla ezandleni zabo, hhayi kuphela e Georgia kodwa futhi wonke umbuso.

Kukhululwa abantu, Beria wathi Stalin mathupha wabathuma esiphethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile uhlanganiswa Georgia, sicela mayelana nenqubekela phambili ecaleni kanye Mingrelian ekuboniseni ukunganeliseki. Umholi yafuna ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ngokomzimba, ukuze ekugcineni uthole ukuqashelwa.

Imiphumela

Apreli 10, 1953, kwathiwa baqaphela ukuthi iqembu Mingrelian ezazingekho nokuthi icala lakhe kwaba limane nje sicasulwa. Abangu-abayisikhombisa ababoshiwe esimweni sakhululwa futhi avuselelwa ngokugcwele, kodwa abaningi babo futhi sibhajwe ejele, kodwa kwaba njalo endabeni ka Beria.

Beria nabasekeli bakhe bakwazi ukwakha amandla anjalo esikhathini Georgia, ecaleni embi esingakaze kuyinsakavukela kulo lonke elase-USSR. Yiqiniso, kukhona iwayini Stalin, ngaphandle okuyinto "berivschina" ngeke sezithathe isikhathi eside. Lapho eziphendulela singasho ukuthi kwaba Stalin owayengowokuqala ukubhekana ne kungamboza ububi e uhulumeni waseGeorgia.