Ubani eqala ukuvakashela emkhathini? I Cosmic Battle of the USSR futhi USA

Space Battle - ukuze ukwazi uqoke kahle umbango owawuphakathi amabili ayizikhondlakhondla zezikhali - eU.SSR USA - e ukuhlola umkhathi phakathi nengxenye kwekhulu elidlule yesibili. Ukuqala lo mcimbi ukubeka izwe lethu kwethulwa lokuqala i yokufakelwa Earth satellite, bese ukuqalisa lowomuntu esengenile eyenzekayo entsha ngokuphelele ngaye - emkhathini. Kamuva, kwakunengozi spacewalk kuqala.

Inqubekela ubunjiniyela isayensi

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili kwaba ngesintu ukufohla kweqiniso kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi kwesikhathi ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili anikeza ugqozi ukuthuthukiswa rocket - okungokuthile okwakuphambene ababengenakukuthola, kwaba ngokugcwele bakwazi asebenze. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu Sasibhekisisa futhi wazama ukuhlola isikhala, kodwa kwenziwa kuphela ebusweni iplanethi yethu. Ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka elidlule yesibili kwakuwukuzalwa kwesikhathi Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela ukuhlola umkhathi kanye cwaningo isikhala eduze-Earth. kude Ikakhulukazi isihambile le izimbangi geopolitical kwesikhathi - eSoviet Union ne-United States. I-United States kwaholela ukuthuthukiswa kulesi siqondiso, ikakhulukazi uma izwe kwenzakala le "Ubaba" ka rocketry German W. von Braun. WayeyiZwi iphayona indawo yaseYurophu elingana kule wobunjiniyela kanye nomklamo imibono. Nokho, eSoviet Union kwaba nentuthuko osekukade. Abasunguli we kazwelonke imicabango missile-ukwakha (Tsiolkovsky futhi kamuva Korolev), kuqala kwakuthiwa bese cishe based ziphetho.

Izinyathelo kuqala ukuhlola umkhathi

Ukuphela 50s saba nomthelela omuhle ngempela ezingqondweni ababephila ngesikhathi. ESoviet Union lokuqala orbited onjiniyela yakhelwe satellite. Abantu abaningi wabingelela umcimbi njengoba intuthuko enkulu endleleni yokucabanga yesayensi, kodwa Melika, lokhu kwakusho nakuba amancane, kodwa ukunqotshwa kule emncintiswaneni. Ngisho umcimbi omkhulu furor esenzeka ngo-April 1961 ntambama. Kulapho Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin waba ngukhokho zonke osomkhathi, kungakhathalekile ubuzwe babo, futhi ungowokuqala abavakashele indoda Earth. Ukulungiselela we indiza kwenziwa ezindaweni okungangeneki kalula kuzo. Phela, uma izwe lethu usengozini hhayi nokuphila kwabantu ngabanye kuphela, kodwa futhi isisindo sabo enkundleni ngamazwe. Nokho Amathuba okulimala lalilikhulu kakhulu, futhi imiphumela yaba efanayo. Ngemva kwalokho, izwe lethu abe umholi we ukuhlola umkhathi. UMengameli waseMelika Dzhon Kennedi emhlanganweni kahulumeni wakhe wamemezela isimiso esisheshayo ucwaningo kanye ukwabiwa kwezimali ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkulu e ukuhlola umkhathi.

abakhwabanisi mncintiswano

Umuntu wokuqala wavakashela emkhathini, kuzoqinisekisa izwe lakhe isihloko umholi we isikhala noma ukwenza isinyathelo okuhambisanayo ku isinyathelo lesitha. Bobabili amazwe ngentshiseko wasiphakamisa ukulungiselela kwalo mcimbi. American NASA uye wazama kunonophisa luhlelo yokwakhiwa mkhathi bavimba imigwaqo, kodwa washesha kuye kwaholela umphumela ohlukile. Yokungabi nokuhlangenwe nakho kuholele ukuwohloka - ukuhlolwa isaziso okuyiphutha, ngakho lakwazi ukugwema abalimala wesintu, kodwa izinsuku adicilelwe sina. Ngo-USSR, cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba izibalo efanayo nokulungisa umuntu waba ngowokuqala esikhaleni evulekile kuyoba. Iya kancane ukukhubazeka kungase sina ezithinta lonke ukuthuthukiswa ikusasa uhlelo esisha emhlabeni womuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo rush nokulawula inhlangano umphumela kunalokho ezicindezelayo ezikuyi-bonke abayingxenye yephrojekthi. Nokho labo lokuqala wavakashela emkhathini, kwaba compatriot yethu.

umzuzu oyingqophamlando

Leyo ndoda yayiyisibani Alexei Leonov. Yakhethwa yakhe kusuka Umthala zezinkanyezi oqeqeshwe kahle. Futhi ngasekupheleni 1964 okwaqala ngalo a ukulungiselela ngokungashwampuluzi ukuthuthukiswa kuzo zonke izimo ezingase ziphakame phakathi indiza. Bese kufika sikhathi okwase kukudala sisilindile, ngo-1965 (18 Mashi) "Voskhod-2 'kwakwenziwa Umhlaba orbit. Ngemva ukuqeqeshwa iDemo Alexei Leonov wokuqala uye emkhathini. Ukuba ngaphandle mkhathi bebumfishane kakhulu, mayelana nambili imizuzu nge kancane. Kwakuyisikhathi isinyathelo omkhulukazi e emlandweni wesintu. Nokho, ngisho esikhathini ezifana esifushane kwakukhona isimo okungavamile. Spacesuit astronaut anda ubukhulu nangokuthi Alexei Arkhipovich ayikwazanga ubuyele lock umkhumbi. Kodwa akazange Ungethuki - ziba ngcono ingcindezi zangaphakathi suit, eye ukunciphisa yayo ngobukhulu futhi wakwazi ukubuyela mkhathi.

I izikhathi ezinhle nezimbi phakathi indiza

Okunguye owaqala wavakashela emkhathini, ifa isibindi nokukhuthazela okukhulu, la izici zobuntu ziye zasiza kuye esikhathini esizayo. Nge Leonov kwenzeka kungesinye futhi isimo ezingemnandi - ngesikhathi kokufika mkhathi yayisekugcineni touchdown elilinganisiwe. Kodwa leli qiniso akazihluphi abanesibindi isikhala bamazwe. Lapho zithi cababa, wayesemsebenzini ehlathini, futhi ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona yesithwathwa ezinzima. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, amatilosi bachitha izinsuku ezimbili, kuphela ingxenye yesithathu yazo lifikile iqembu wokutakula. Ukuze feat yakhe A. A. Leonov waklonyeliswa isihloko "Hero" yezwe. BaseMelika sebevumile ukunqotshwa, kodwa bandisa ukuqeqeshwa indiza womuntu kanye kokwehla on enyangeni, kodwa kwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka emine, futhi ngeke zibe khona ezingaphazamisa uquketheni onjiniyela amaSoviet nasemakamu osomkhathi. Futhi u-Alexei Leonov - umuntu owaqala wavakashela emkhathini futhi kuze kube phakade elalibhalwe igama lakhe emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke yomlando.