Amaseli e-Dendritic: izici, imisebenzi, indima ekuvikeleni i-antimicrobial. Amaseli e-Dendritic emelene nomdlavuza

Kunezinsongo eziningi ezingabangela ukulimala okukhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Njengesibonelo, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo kanye nomdlavuza kungashiwo . Futhi kubalulekile ukuthi, kanye nezindlela ezivamile zokwelapha izifo ezinjalo, izikhungo zesayensi zanamuhla nemitholampilo ziqala ukusebenzisa amaseli e-dendritic. Umphumela wabo ubangela izinguquko ezinkulu ezakhiweni ezithintekayo ngenxa yokugqugquzela ngokwenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela.

Amaseli e-Dendritic

Ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukufeza ngokuphumelelayo umsebenzi wabo obalulekile, ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke esimweni sesimiso sakhe somzimba omzimba. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kuvikelwa, umzimba uzobe usengozini kakhulu lapho ubhekene nezifo ezincane zanamuhla. Futhi indima ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzivikela emzimbeni kuyinkinga enzima yokubhekana namagciwane omdlavuza. Futhi umzabalazo onjalo empilweni yomzimba uhlala njalo.

Uma ukhokha ngokucophelela izindlela zokuvikela zomzimba, ungathola ukuthi enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zalesi simiso amangqamuzana e-antigen-eveza. Futhi, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu ayisihluthulelo: I-B-lymphocytes, ama-macrophage namaseli e-dendritic. Futhi njengoba lesi sihloko sizinikezele ekugcineni, yibo abazobe banakekelwa ngokuyinhloko.

Uma uhumusha igama elithi dendron kusuka kwisiGreki, ngeke lisho lutho ngaphandle kwesihlahla. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kohlobo lwamaseli abuzwayo, ngenxa yokuthi banesakhiwo se-branched ephawulekayo.

Izici

Lolu hlobo lwamaseli alufanele lubhekiswe ezakhiweni ze-phagocytic, kodwa indima yabo enkambisweni yokuthumela impendulo yegciwane lengculazi ayikwazi ukugcizelela kakhulu. Amaseli alolu hlobo angaba avuthiwe noma cha. Futhi lezi zinsuku zivame ukufakwa esikhumbeni.

Amangqamuzana e-Dendritic akwazi ukuvela kokubili komnkantsha wamathambo, futhi cha (myeloid and lymphoid).

Ukutholakala kwendawo ye-lymphoid yi-spleen, thymus, i-lymph nodes negazi. Umsebenzi wabo kwi-thymus ufanelwe ukunakekelwa, ngoba lapho banomthwalo wokukhetha okungalungile. Le nqubo iqondwa njengokususwa kwe-T-lymphocytes, enekhono lokusabela ngama-antigen.

Ngokuqondene namaseli angama-myeloid, asemathethini angaphakathi, ama-membrane angama-mucous kanye nesikhumba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bangachazwa njengeselula.

Amakhemikhali angenayo emangcwabeni asuka ematendeni, abuye asendaweni e-follicle yezitho zelphoid. Zibuye zimelele i-B-lymphocyte antigen, futhi ziqhubekele izingqinamba zomzimba.

Isakhiwo

Ngaphambi kokulalela indlela ama-dendritic asetshenziswa ngayo, kufaneleka ukunaka isakhiwo sabo. Zingachazwa njengeqembu elingekho homogeneous, elihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili nemisebenzi ehlukene. Kodwa-ke, zombili izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngendlela efanayo.

Lolu hlobo lwamaseli lunemisebenzi elandelayo ebonakalayo: ihlangene (kwezinye izimo, i-oval) futhi ikhulu kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuma kwawo kuhlanganiswe, kungalingani nenqubo yenkambiso. Zine-nucleus, futhi i-cytoplasm ngaphakathi kubo igcwele ama-organelles. Ngokuqondene nombuso, khona-ke kugxila eziningi ze-receptors.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamangqamuzana anjalo emzimbeni futhi atholakala kuzo zonke izicubu nezitho.

Amaseli e-Dendritic: imisebenzi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umsebenzi oyinhloko walolu hlobo lwamaseli ukumele i-antigen. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza inqubo lapho ukubhujiswa kwezinto zangaphandle kwenzeka khona kuqala, bese kuqedwa (ukukhishwa) kwezingxenye ezenza ukuthi i-particle ihlaselwe ngaphandle.

Ngendlela: i-phagocytosis isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izakhi eziyingozi. Uma isisindo esingaba khona sesiphelile, ama-antigens athunjiwe adluliselwa kwamanye amaseli angenawo amandla. Ukuhamba okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze kudluliswe ulwazi kuzo zonke izici zesistimu yokuvikelwa. Ngezimiso ezilula, amangqamuzana e-dendritic athumela umlayezo okhuselweni wokuthi ingozi ihleliwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuzivikela kufakwa esimweni sombuso, ngokusho, ukulungela ukulwa futhi kuvimbela ngeso lengqondo usongo olubonisiwe.

Ngokuqondene nokuphepha kokuvikela izifo, kufanelekile ukunaka izinhlobonhlobo zamaseli e-dendritic, njengezici ze-plasmacytoid. Ekubunjweni kwabo, imishanguzo efanayo yamaseli ihileleka njengamanye ama-lymphocytes. Lolu hlobo lwamaseli luvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqhubekela phambili kokutheleleka ngokukhululwa kwama-interferons.

Inqubo yokuchayeka

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubuhlobo obuseduze ukuthi amaseli e-dendritic anemithi yokwelapha, imithi ye-immunology kanye nomdlavuza.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuthi lawo maseli angaphinda akhiqizwe kalula ezimweni zelabhutri yesimanje. Ukuze uzuze lo mphumela, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ama-monocytes avela kwezinye izakhi zegazi. Lesi sigaba asikho futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile. Khona-ke umthelela esitokisini seseli lwenziwa ngezici ezithile, futhi phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa amaseli we-stem noma amonocyte ashintshiwe abe yizici ze-dendritic, okwakuyimgomo wokuqala.

Manje kunemitholampilo eminingi enikeza amangqamuzana e-dendritic njengethuluzi lokwelapha. I-Immunology ithathe isinyathelo esinjalo ukuthi inqubo enjalo ivumela umuntu ukuthi athole izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela ephumelelayo, kuhlanganise nezifo ezingokwemvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuqhuba izifundo ezithile, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukwethulwa kwezici zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba kungenza umthelela omuhle ekwelapheni iziguli ezibhekene nezifo ezingapheli, hhayi unyaka owodwa.

Okuncane ngale nkinga enkulu njengesihlungu esinonya

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi amangqamuzana e-dendritic aphatha kanjani umdlavuza, kunengqondo ukulalela inkinga uqobo.

Ngakho-ke, uma ubheka umzimba womuntu ngokuseduze, ungathola yonke into eyaziwayo: umzimba unamaseli, noma ngaphezulu kakhulu, yawo yonke uhlelo, lapho ingxenye ngayinye yenza umsebenzi othize. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi ukulawula ukukhula, ukuhamba nobukhulu beqembu elithile lilahlekile. Imiphumela yalolu lahleko ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo nokungavinjelwe kwalawo maseli, okuqala ukungena ngaphakathi kwezingxube eziseduze.

Kulokhu umlando wokunqotshwa kwemvelo ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza awupheli: bangena esiteshini segazi noma lymphatic, ngemva kwalokho basakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, benze ama-metastase nezindumbu zendodakazi. Kumele uqaphele futhi ukuthi kukhona izidumbu eziningi ngokwabo - ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Futhi ngamunye wabo uhlukile ngendlela yayo.

Ngokusekelwe kolwazi odokotela abanalo ngalesi sikhathi, kungase kuqinisekiswe ngokuqiniseka ukuthi esinye sezici eziyinhloko ezikhomba isiphetho sesisu kukhona isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komuntu. Yingakho amangqamuzana e-dendritic emelene nomdlavuza kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nesisu.

Ukwelashwa kubonakala kanjani?

Ukusuka egazini likagulane, amangqamuzana akhethekile okuphambene nawo ayedwa. Ziyadingeka ekutshalweni okulandelwayo kwezakhi ze-dendritic. Emva kwalokhu, zonke izimo ezidingekayo zidalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimfanelo ezidingekayo, ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa okungeziwe kwezinto ezingenakwenzeka, zigcinwe.

Abachwepheshe balinde lesi sigaba lapho kutholakala khona ukuvuthwa, futhi izakhiwo zesisu ezitholakala ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezakhi zofuzo zengezwe emasikini eseli. Ungafaki ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi izingcezu zesisu ngokwazo. Okulandelayo, i-precursor cell ithatha into eyingozi, ilandelwa ushintsho kwisakhiwo sayo.

Inani le nqubo wukuthi amaseli e-dendritic aqala ukuqonda ngokunembile isici sesici se-tumor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kudluliselwa kuwo wonke amasosha omzimba.

Isigaba sokugcina ama-dendritic amangqamuzana angena emzimbeni wesiguli. Imithi yinye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokufeza lo msebenzi. Emva kwalokhu kwenziwa, kukhona ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kwamaseli ku-lymph nodes nokusebenza okulandelayo kwe-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Laba baphathi baxhumana nezakhi zesisu, bezibhubhisa ngokuphelele.

Uma usongo selutholiwe futhi luyabonakala, luqala ukufuna lonke ukugeleza kwegazi namathishu omzimba. Uma isilwane sitholakale, isenzo esenzayo senza ukulimala okubulalayo kwisigaba sezitha futhi kwazisa isimiso sokuvikela omzimba ngaleli qiniso ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezikhethekile.

Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi enzima kodwa ephumelelayo yokwelapha isiyatholakala ngokucwaninga emkhakheni we-immunology.

Amagciwane, asekelwe kumaseli e-dendritic

Kunezidakamizwa eziningana eziphumelelayo ezibandakanya isenzo sesimiso esichazwe ngenhla. Esinye isibonelo ngumgomo wokugoma "Steveumax." Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukugqugquzela ukuphendula ngokugcwele kwesimiso somzimba womzimba kumangqamuzana omdlavuza one-mucin-1 glycoprotein. Lona i-antigen ejwayelekile.

Esigabeni sesibili sokuhlolwa, lesi sidakamizwa sibonise imiphumela efanele, nakuba, kunjalo, kukhona ukuphikisana okuthile.

Ukuze kube nomphumela oyifunayo ohlelweni lwezokuzivikela komzimba, udokotela kumele ajobe umgomo emathangeni angaphansi kwesisu sesiguli. Kakade emva kwemizuzu engu-15 emva kokuqedwa kwalesi sigaba isiguli singaya ekhaya.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukuvakashela njalo udokotela ukuhlolwa kwegazi - lokhu kuzohlinzeka isithombe esicacile sezinqubo ezenzeka ohlelweni lwamasosha omzimba. Uma konke kuhle, ukuhlushwa kwe-cell-executors okubhubhisa lesi sifo kufanele kwandiswe kakhulu. Uma izinga labo liqala ukwehla, udinga ukugoma kabusha.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umdlavuza akuyona yinkinga kuphela ama cell dendritic angawaxazulula. Indima ekuvikelweni kwe-antimicrobial yalesi simiso sokwelapha nayo kunzima ukuyiqeda, njengoba iyakwazi ukuvimbela ukuvuselelwa kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, okuholela ekuqedeni ngokuphelele ukutheleleka.

Imiphumela emibi engenzeka

Ukugoma, ngaphezu komthelela oqinile wokuzivikela, kungaholela eminye imiphumela emibi. Eqinisweni, sikhuluma ngezibonakaliso ezihambisana nokuphendula okujwayelekile kwesimiso somzimba womzimba. Phakathi nale nqubo, ukukhululwa kwalezo zinto ezihilelekile ezifweni ezithathelwanayo ezibulalayo.

Uma sikhuluma ngezibonakaliso ezithile, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ubuthakathaka nomkhuhlane. Kwezinye izimo, ukubomvu kwesikhumba endaweni lapho umjovo wenziwa khona kungenzeka. Ngezinye izikhathi kufanele ubhekane nokwanda kwama-lymph nodes.

Izinzuzo ze-dendritic cell therapy

Uma sicabangela izindlela ezinjalo zokulwa nomdlavuza, njengomsakazo kanye ne-chemotherapy, asikwazi ukunakekelwa okusobala - umzimba ngalesi sikhathi ubhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu. Kodwa uma kwenzeka amangqamuzana e-dendritic, konke okusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kuyisistimu yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu nezinsimbi zayo ezithile. Umehluko ezindleleni zingaphezu kokubonakalayo.

Futhi nakuba le ndlela isenemiphumela emibi, yenza bazizwe bengavamile, futhi umonakalo ovela kubo awunakubizwa ngokuthi uyabalulekile. Enye inzuzo ebalulekile yalolu cwaningo ukuthi zonke izinqubo zokutakula zingenziwa esimweni sokuphulukisa iziguli, okusho ukuthi isiguli asidingi ukuba njalo emtholampilo.

Izikhungo zokwelashwa zaseRussia

E-CIS, ucwaningo luqhutshwa ukudala imishanguzo esekelwe amangqamuzana e-dendritic. I-Novosibirsk ingenye yemizi lapho izikhungo ezifanele zikhona. Futhi uma sicabanga ngalesi sifunda, kufanele sikhulume nge-SRI SB RAMS. Kulesi sikhungo ukuthi umgomo uhlolwe ukuthi ungakwazi ukulwa nesifo. Imiphumela emihle yatholwa ekwelapheni umdlavuza wombala .

Kodwa lesi sikhungo sokucwaninga akuyona indawo kuphela lapho kwenziwa khona ucwaningo lapho amaseli ase-dendritic asetshenziswa khona. Ukwelashwa eSt. Petersburg nakho kuyindawo ehloniphekile futhi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zaseYurophu. Uma sikhuluma ngokuqondile mayelana nokusetshenziswa komuthi ngamunye, kungcono ukukhumbula i-RNHI. I-Polenov.

Ngokuvamile, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kubhalwa kule nkinga eRussia. Futhi lesi simemezelo, Yebo, singabhekwa njengethemba.

Imiphumela

Lolu hlobo lokunciphisa isisu esinomdlavuza, njengokusetshenziswa kwamaseli e-dendritic, kungabizwa ngokuthi inqubo encane kakhulu. Kodwa lokhu akuguquli iqiniso lokuthi ukuthandwa kwalo emphakathini wesayensi kukhula ngokushesha ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokusebenza kahle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eJalimane kunezinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo, kanye nezinkampani zomshuwalense, ezivele ziqala ukukhokhela izindleko ezihlobene nokuphathwa okunjalo.