Constitutional Assembly of the Russian Federation: isimo zemithetho kanye nomthethosisekelo, ukubunjwa, amandla, isinqumo

UMthethosisekelo Russian Federation - umthetho eyinhloko uMbuso Russian. Izinhlinzeko kule dokhumenti sihlinzekela izinguquko amanye izinto zalo. Kuvele inqubo efanele kumele kwenziwe nge ukubanjwa kweqhaza Constitutional Assembly. Yiziphi imisebenzi yaleli umzimba? Iyini inqubo ukubiza, inhlangano ye-Constitutional Assembly, kanye nesinqumo isakhiwo isimo?

Iyini indima yomqhubi weSifundo Constitutional Assembly ohlelweni kahle kwemandla embuso?

Okokuqala, ake sicabangele indima eyenza iCOP sezombangazwe yeRussia.

Constitutional Assembly kungokwalabo esigabeni nommeleli emizimbeni kwamandla we Russian Federation futhi has ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla uhlamvu ephambili. Lokhu umzimba, oyingxenye yesimiso sezombangazwe yeRussia, has nozakwabo phesheya, okungase emelelwa, isibonelo, yesifunda ephambili noma emihlanganweni.

Umthombo oyinhloko umthetho, owawuthi Russia usebenza umzimba ezifana Constitutional Assembly, umthethosisekelo langempela isimo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Russian Basic Law usungula isakhiwo okukhulunywa ngaphansi komthetho ahlukene kahulumeni yomthethosisekelo, okuyinto engakaze yokutholwa Russian Federation.

Constitutional Assembly - umzimba ukuthi, ngokuhambisana nomthetho, okuyinto okwamanje zigunyazwe kuyakuyiswa obize uma isiphakamiso ukuba kushintshwe amalungiselelo elotshwe Izahluko 1.2 no-9 zencwadi liwumthombo oyinhloko umthetho eRussia, uyobasekela 3/5 lamavoti abamele Federation Council, kanye State Duma.

Cabanga amandla ukhiye, okuyinto, ngokuhambisana nomthetho angabhekwa isakhiwo kwamandla.

Amandla Constitutional Assembly

Lezi zihlanganisa:

• isiqinisekiso ukuqinisela yomthetho eziyisisekelo Russia;
• ukuthuthukiswa kanye Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo omusha zoMbuso;
• ukunqunywa okusalungiswa umthetho Russian ezabelwe ivoti ethandwa;
• ukuzimisela soMthethosisekelo isimo se-oda Ungena force.

Nokho, la mandla, ukuze ucabangele isakhiwo kwamandla unelungelo ukuthengisa, ngaphandle, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, ziyokwamukelwa ngesenzo zomthetho ekhethekile liqine inqubo COP isikhungo.

Yiqiniso, imizamo ukwamukela umthetho ngalo mhlangano ngokomthethosisekelo emlandweni eRussia ayehlaselwa. Designs lokhu umthombo umthetho okuqalwe abaholi izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezihlukahlukene kule minyaka 90 no-2000. Ngo-2012, uMongameli Russian wayala izinhlangano yakhe ilawulwe zilethe iziphakamiso mayelana nokulungiselelwa isenzo izinhlelo zomthetho ezifanele.

Uma sikhuluma edume kakhulu umthetho okusalungiswa inhlangano ngokomthethosisekelo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa umqondo ehlongozwayo ngu Gennadiem Zyuganovym, Vyacheslav Zvolinsky, uViktor Alksnis no-Sergey Baburin, Vyacheslav Volodin, uSergei Kovalev. Project Yevgeny Fedorov futhi Anton Romanov eyaziwa kahle. Masitadishe izimfanelo imiqondo le ngokuningiliziwe.

Umthetho okusalungiswa semhlangano Zyuganov yoMthethosisekelo

Okusalungiswa kuhanjiswe ingxoxo ku Duma State ngoMashi 1997. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo sipho:

• zifakwe ikhanda COP zikahulumeni, uhlelo Federation Council, State Duma kwamaphini, abameleli KaHulumeni uhulumeni, amajaji eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo RF, kanye SAC;
• abameleli zabasebenzi.

Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi kubhekwe isimo ejensi siyofeza imisebenzi yayo eMoscow. Ngokuhambisana umqondo olucutshungulwayo Izinyunyana banikezwa ilungelo beka amalungu ababamele LoMhlangano ngomuntu oyedwa kusuka inhlangano ngayinye.

Co-nezitulo we COP ababeyoba inhloko yabangamashumi Federation Council kanye State Duma. Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi ngezimali ye Constitutional Assembly kufanele sigcwaliswe ngezithukuthuku isabelomali sikahulumeni isimo. Ngokusho iphrojekthi ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa, COP umbhalo okusalungiswa kwaba lushicilelwe ngokushesha, futhi ukuxoxisana Ungaxhuma izakhamuzi futhi ezihlukahlukene izinhlangano ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana ne okukhethekile kwakha luhlaka ikomidi COP.

Okusalungiswa yoMthethosisekelo LoMhlangano Zvolinsky umthetho

umqondo Kubhekwe laqanjwa ngenxa ingxoxo ku Duma State ngo-June 1998. Ngokuhambisana ke inhloko yezwe, abameleli Federation Council, uMbuso Duma, undunankulu, inhloko weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, Armed Forces, le SAC, kanye nabamele izifunda Russian ababeyoba zithunywa Constitutional Assembly. Kulokhu, abantu ababuswa WaseRussia angase ithunyelwa Constitutional Assembly of the Russian Federation e inani Abamele:

• abantu 5 kusukela esifundeni ngasinye elinabantu abakhileyo 1 million;
• abantu 10, uma kwakunamabandla angaphezu kuka-1 million abantu abahlala endaweni;
• izihambeli 15 kusukela Petersburg, futhi 20 - kusukela eMoscow.

Umqondo wokuthi indawo emihlangano COP wayezimisele ngokuhambisana esinqumweni uMongameli we Russian Federation.

Njengoba kuphawuliwe Ochwepheshe abathile, iCOP kubhekwe okusalungiswa lwalungahileli amalungiselelo okumele ithuthukiswe RF uMthethosisekelo. Empeleni, umqondo nje onjalo akukho ezilungisiwe izinkinga zenhlangano phakathi kohlaka ukusungulwa the Constitutional Assembly.

Volodin kuphrojekthi umthetho ku weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo

Lo mqondo laqanjwa ngenxa ingxoxo ku Duma State ngo-June 2000. Luhilela okulandelayo: Constitutional Assembly of the baMazwe abameleli Federation Council, amajaji eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo isiRashiya, kasihlalo we-Armed Forces kanye SAC. Kwathiwa wasikisela ukuba ingxenye COP izihambeli Duma 100 bayonikezwa. Kulokhu, kufanele ziveze indlela yokwakheka endlini ephansi ephalamende, ngokuya izinhlangano ePhalamende, kanye inani lamaphini abakhethiwe izinhlobo ezimbili zemali izifunda - yombuso kanye olulodwa-igunya. Inhloko Duma State, esikhundleni salokho, kwadingeka ukuba yingxenye iCOP ngempela.

Umongameli Russian wayebuye lokuqoka amalungu 100 ababamele OMhlangano - izakhamuzi Russian nge imfundo ephakeme zomthetho kanye namakhono adingekayo. Iziphakamiso nokudluliselwa eNkantolo umongameli we izakhamuzi Russian Federation 'yoMthethosisekelo kufanele enze okuthile inhloko yezwe neziphathimandla ezithile zikahulumeni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izakhiwo yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni zemfundo.

Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi umbhalo okusalungiswa yomthetho eziyisisekelo isimo, akhiwa Constitutional Assembly, kuncike ukushicilelwa okusheshayo, futhi kamuva - ingxoxo iqhaza izakhamuzi kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Nentshisekelo kulo muntu kwakufanele ithunyelwa Constitutional Assembly, kahulumeni obhekene ukwamukelwa yomthetho olusha eziyisisekelo yezwe, iziphakamiso zayo enyangeni 1 kusukela ngosuku lapho kwemukelwa Isilobo sesisekelo sombuso.

Uhlola nomqondo izinqubo ezihlongozwayo Ukukhishwa umthetho okusalungiswa inhlolovo isimo.

Kovalev umthetho phezu Project eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo

Lo msebenzi ohlongozwayo we-Duma State ngo-September 2000. Wasikisela okulandelayo:

• the Constitutional Assembly kunabantu 450, ngubani lazo likhethwa abanye izakhamuzi Russian Federation ngevoti ngqo;
• COP kumele ihlangabezane eMoscow;
• amalungu COP bakhethelwa dvumandatnym izifunda - ngokuhambisana nemithetho lomfanekiso izakhamuzi;
• Umthethosisekelo kufanele kuthathwe ngaphakathi 4 ukufundwa;
• Ukwamukelwa komthetho eziyisisekelo angase lwenteke ngokusebenzisa inhlolovo.

Project Alksnis futhi Baburin yomthetho ku weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo

Okusalungiswa kuhanjiswe ingxoxo ku Duma State ngo-November 2007. Abalobi bamenywa ukuba bangenise ku isikhundla ababamele LoMhlangano isimo ngabanye:

• UMongameli we-Russian Federation;
• abameleli iziphathimandla esiphethe izifunda Russian ku Federation Council;
• State Duma;
• amalungu womphakathi Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Ngesikhathi umuntu ofanayo okuphakanyiswe, okungase iqhaza umsebenzi weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, ngaphandle amalungelo okuvota. okungukuthi:

• amalungu kahulumeni;
• abaholi zesifunda;
• Inkantolo amajaji Lomthethosisekelo WaseRussia Armed Forces, SAC;
• Umshushisi Jikelele Russian Federation;
• abamele amaqembu ezombusazwe.

Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi COP bugcogcwe kunoma yiziphi imizi ukubaluleka federal - ngokuhambisana isimemezelo ehlukile Duma State. Okusalungiswa wasikisela ukuthi ukwamukelwa umthetho eyisisekelo isimo ungaphakathi sekhono okukhethekile sehlangano ezifana Constitutional Assembly of RF. Okungukuthi, ukunqunywa soMthethosisekelo ongakapheli inhlolovo akufanele kwenziwe.

Sixoxe umthetho okusalungiswa eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene zenqatshiwe yiphalamende. Masitadishe lokho kungaba.

Izizathu ukwenqaba COP okusalungiswa

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, okumqoka eziyinkinga lapho kwemukelwa umthetho ku iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo - ukunquma izimiso kumiswa of the ohambelana igunya. Kwakheka amaphuzu amabili disparate kakhulu umbono.

Ngokusho ngowokuqala, kwakudingekile ukuqinisekisa iqhaza ezimatasa bezakhamuzi kwenye imisebenzi le Constitutional Assembly. Ngokombono wesibili COP indima eyinhloko kwakuwukwenza idlalwe, ngokuyinhloko kubantu nezinga ledzingekako bomsebenzi kanye zamakhono.

Ngakho, yeningi kakhulu kulo mqondo, iphrojekthi ingathiwa umqondo Kovalev, lapho kwamiswa iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ngokuthi ukubamba iqhaza izihambeli 450 abakhethwe izakhamuzi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umthetho okusalungiswa weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, ehlongozwayo ngu Volodin, basikisela ukuthi le izinqumo ezibalulekile ezenziwe yileli Constitutional Assembly kuzothatha abantu anolwazi ngesikhathi ehola izikhundla zikahulumeni.

Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ngokwanele a COP ebucayini kumiswa ezihlongozwayo Zvolinsky lapho indima enkulu imisebenzi kuziphathimandla ezifanele uyakuthatha izenzo zabaholi bezombusazwe, kodwa COP kungase kuhilele abameleli abavela ezifundeni, abamiswe iqhaza abantu we Russian Federation.

Ngakho, ngokuhamba izingxoxo intraparliamentary 90 no-2000 ehlulekile kusombulula sihilela indaba yokuthi ubani iyingxenye ababamele Lomhlangano njengoba kwakhiwa Ukwakheka kwalo kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa yokuthola ukulinganisela phakathi kwezikhungo zentando yeningi yiziphi izinqubo COP, kanye nobuchwepheshe bale izihambeli zawo.

Elinye iphuzu ingxoxo uma kudingidwa Amathemba ukwamukelwa yomthetho ku iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo - indima eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo. Iqiniso liwukuthi le umzimba, ngokuhambisana isenzo esiyisisekelo zezomthetho isiRashiya, inebanga sasivumela ebanzi amandla ngokoMthetho incazelo soMthethosisekelo ngaphakathi kohlaka komthetho. Ngalo mqondo, kusungulwa i umzimba okunye yeNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ezingeni egatsheni ummeleli kahulumeni ungenza ukungalingani okukhulu kuleli ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla emagatsheni ahlukene.

Constitutional Assembly, kungenzeka ziba isakhiwo isimo oncintisana weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo mayelana incazelo yaleli kwemibandela yomthetho eziyisisekelo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kufanele ukunikeza COP imisebenzi ohluke ngokuphelele - lezo ezihilela okwenza izichibiyelo ezingokoqobo ukuze uMthethosisekelo State. Okungukuthi, ukulungiswa kombhalo yomthetho eziyisisekelo yezwe, iqalwa weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, kuyinto efiselekayo ngandlela-thile ukuxoxisana Russian weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, kucatshangelwa isimo ngokuphathelene nokuchazwa iziqondiso ekhona. Kodwa practice, lo mshini kufanele kuhlinzekwe umthetho phezu Constitutional Assembly. Akulula ukwenza, njengoba amagatsha zomthetho zokwahlulela nohulumeni wokhetho, eqinisweni, esenziwa izinhlinzeko zoMthetho akhona isenzo main wezomthetho isimo, kumelwe umathanda.

Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ukusungulwa umthetho esihlukile ku weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo kufanele siqambe ematfuba yokulinda phezu ingxenye abehlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-oda ukwakheka Constitutional Assembly kufanele sifakwe kangangokuthi kube obala ukuze ukulawula umphakathi futhi ePhalamende. Kodwa lapha, futhi, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ukurhunyezwa yezinto ezisemqoka ezimbili - nokuqinisa umsebenzi iqhaza COP izakhamuzi noma ngokunika lonke igunya ngokwengeziwe kulabo ukuthatha izinqumo ngqo umsebenzi we Constitutional Assembly. Uma kuzogxilwa mshini wokuqala, ematfuba incipha yokwamukela izivakashi, kodwa kungase futhi ukunciphisa izinga kwenaba wezenzo zomthetho ezamukelwe ngu COP. Esimeni sesibili, isimo reverse kungenzeka.

Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-yoMthethosisekelo Inkantolo yomthetho ophethe izindaba eziningana ezibalulekile impikiswano. Amathemba isinqumo sabo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi - ngokuyinhloko izikhundla zamabutho ehola zezombusazwe okuyinto ukuthola amandla abo okhethweni, umphumela wayo, esikhundleni salokho, ukucacisa izakhamuzi ukuze uvote.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le Duma State ilinqabile ewuhlaka ku weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ngokuphindaphindiwe, izibalo izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezihlukahlukene ziye zaqhubeka nodaba ukuthuthukiswa umthombo efanele komthetho. Phakathi kwemisebenzi edume kakhulu encwadini yomthetho ku iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo - idokhumenti siphakamisiwe Evgeniem Fedorovym futhi Anton Romanov. Leligxathu imzuzele impela udumo ububanzi. Sizokwenza silitadishe ngokuningiliziwe.

eMthethweni okusalungiswa weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo Fedorov futhi Romanov

Lo msebenzi ezihlongozwayo ingxoxo ngo-September 2015. Umqondo ohambelana belinganisa isimo Constitutional Assembly of the Russian Federation, inqubo elungele ukusetshenziselwa ukubiza kanye nokuqaliswa.

Lo mthethosivivinywa lakhiwe ikhumbula izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Art. 134 135 soMthethosisekelo Russian. Izihloko yomthetho eziyisisekelo isimo kusho ukuthi uma iziphathimandla abanekhono ukuthola iziphakamiso izinguquko ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho 1, 2 noma 9 izahluko soMthethosisekelo, kanye uma lolu hlelo uyobasekela 3/5 ivoti abamele Federal Assembly kanye State Duma ke, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kuyakushiswa ibizwe inhlangano yoMthethosisekelo. isimo koMthethosisekelo kanye wezomthetho isiphathimandla esifanele kuchazwa kanjalo nomthetho wamanje, kodwa umkhuba, eyasungulwa COP zidinga lapho kwemukelwa khona umthetho esihlukile.

Okusalungiswa wasikisela ukuthi COP akuholele uMongameli we Russian Federation. Inothi ochazayo ukuthi imiculu aqukethe izinqubo ukwamukelwa izifushaniso sokuthuthukiswa soMthethosisekelo Russian, kanye nokuvotela ke kohlaka isakhiwo isimo okukhulunywa ngakho.

Project Fedorov futhi Romanov sokuthuthukiswa iCOP umthetho, impendulo emagunyeni '

Njengoba iziphathimandla ziye zasabela isinyathelo izibalo zezombusazwe ovelele?

Lo mthethosivivinywa kusukela Fedorov futhi Romanov ukuthi kwahambisana by impendulo etholakele noHulumeni. Ngesikhathi abameleli esifanayo leKhabinethe Wongqongqoshe njengesibopho umqondo akusekelwe. Ikakhulukazi, izikhulu wazizwa ukuthi inguqulo yomthetho ehlongozwayo ngu Fedorov futhi Romanov, uMkhandlu ababamele unelungelo ukuze bafeze imisebenzi yabo kuphela esebenza okwesikhashana umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho amalungu kahulumeni, hhayi ikhambi elilungile kakhulu kwaba ukuqokwa uMongameli we Russian Federation kokuthunyelwe ka Usihlalo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ngezizathu zokuthi uMthethosisekelo Russian asiniki amandla anjalo kuMongameli.

Umthetho okusalungiswa INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo yaphinde wathola imibono kusukela abamele Duma State. Njengoba abalwa ezinye kwamaphini, umthombo umthetho, kunqunywa, njengoba kufanele ibizwe Constitutional Assembly, isimo zemithetho kanye nomthethosisekelo we isakhiwo isimo kufanele zithathwe akukho ngaphambi kokhetho kuya Duma State ngo-2016. Ngokusho neziphathimandla, lokhu kungenxa ematfuba ushintsho olukhulu amabutho zezombusazwe endlini ephansi ephalamende waseRussia emva kokhetho.

Noma kunjalo, ngokuvumelana osopolitiki, engekho emthethweni oku iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo - igebe kubaluleke kakhulu kule nomthetho we Russian Federation. Umthombo efanele komthetho, njengoba abasephalamende ukholwa ukuba itholwe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imibono kokuvela ngokuhamba ingxoxo yesihloko imizamo ukuthuthukiswa yomthetho phezu Constitutional Assembly - inkinga akuyona esiphuthumayo. Kanjani ukubala ezinye iziphathimandla, ukwamukelwa yayo empeleni Kutama ubukeza izinhlinzeko zoMthetho-sisekelo samanje ezweni lonke, okwakuhilela kungadingeki ngaso esigabeni samanje kwezombusazwe yeRussia.

Usebenta umqondo, owawuthi ichaza isimo, namandla Constitutional Assembly, sinqatshiwe amalungu ePhalamende. Kuze kube manje, Russian Federation, ngaleyo ndlela ngenxa yokungathathi izinyathelo umthetho ukuthi kufanele bafeze imisebenzi yayo kusiphathimandla esifanele.

isifinyezo

Ngakho, sahlola izici namandla isakhiwo isimo njengoba Constitutional Assembly, isimo sale umzimba. COP, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza kwawo inikezwa umthetho eyisisekelo yakulelo zwe kuze kube ayikwazi eyasungulwa ngezizathu zokuthi isenzo zomthetho federal engakaze yokutholwa eRussia, okuyinto inquma inqubo elungele ukusetshenziselwa ukubiza Iinhlangano ejensi kahulumeni ethintekayo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, futhi inikeza sokuthuthukiswa soMthethosisekelo WaseRussia.

osopolitiki abahlukahlukene kokuqala amaphrojekthi amaningana uMthetho Federal yoMthethosisekelo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo. Babedalelwene ingxoxo ku Duma State, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene azenqaba abasephalamende.

Isidingo ukuvunyelwa umthetho olawula ukusebenza umzimba ezifana Constitutional Assembly, ukubunjwa, indlela ka nomhlangano izakhiwo zikahulumeni, kanye ukwamukelwa amalungu ayo izinqumo ezivuthiwe, kugcizelelwa osopolitiki eziningi. Nokho, abanye abameleli uhulumeni wasekela nombono ohlukile. Ngakho, kukhona isikhundla, ngokuhambisana okuyinto kufakazela umthetho-sisekelo federal eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo akudingekile, kusukela ukwamukelwa yayo, eqinisweni, kungasho ukuthi uhulumeni ufuna ukuqalisa ushintsho uMthethosisekelo Russian ekhona.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-oda isidingo sokuhlakulela umthombo esifanele umthetho seluqaliwe ngo-2012, umongameli wase-Russia. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi iziphathimandla abanekhono kusasele ukuthatha umthetho esikhathini esizayo.