Seelow Heights. Le mpi for Seelow Heights

Ekupheleni kwempi yezwe yesibili kwakukhona ukuhlaselwa Seelow Heights, elise empumalanga Berlin. Lena ngempela empini enkulu yabonisa ubuqhawe Amazing, anikele amasosha amaningi nezikhonzi Army Soviet ngesikhathi lapho esingaphansi kwenyanga ngakwesokunxele ngaphambi Victory Omkhulu.

Seelow Heights - yokhalo lamagquma, elise 50-60 km empumalanga Berlin, ibhange kwesokunxele-Oder. Yabo obuphelele 20 ububanzi - 10 km. Bona Tower phezu esigodini somfula bengekho ngaphezu kwama-50 m.

izinqaba lempi German

Seelow Heights ngo-1945 - kuyinto amabutho egqinsiwe ngokujulile ukuzivikela iJalimane lamaNazi. Kwakumelwe izinqaba lempi, eyakhelwe cishe 2 iminyaka. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-German Army 9th yiso ukuthi ivikele Seelow Heights.

umyalo wamaFascist wadala lapha emgqeni wesi-2 ukuvikela ehlanganisa imisele, imisele ngoba izikhali anti-tank kanye wezikhali, inani elikhulu bunkers futhi izibhamu izinkundla, nezindawo agqitshwayo izithiyo. izakhiwo Hlukanisa ukukhonza njenge amaphuzu. Ngokushesha ngaphambi eziphakeme ngesikhathi bemba anti-tank emhosheni nge ububanzi 3.5 kanye nokujula -. 3 m Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izindlela ukuze izakhiwo ukuzivikela ziye kahle misela, kanye cross-shanela ezincane-izingalo kanye wezikhali umlilo.

9th Army isiJalimane, oluvikela Seelow Heights babegqoka 14 elihamba ukuhlukana, kwakuba khona abantu abangaphezu kuka-2.5 ayizinkulungwane. Barrel wezikhali kanye anti-aircraft izibhamu amathangi 600.

ukuzivikela German

Mashi 20 Jikelele Heyndritsi esimisiwe lokuyala iqembu "Vistula" wamabutho. Yena kwakubhekwa omunye ochwepheshe ohamba phambili ku-amaqhinga ukuzivikela. Wayazi kusengaphambili ukuthi Army Soviet uyophonsa lomshini wakhe oyinhloko ngemgwaco, budebuduze nalapho atholiwe le Seelow Heights.

Hendritsi alizange lisiqinise osebeni lomfula. Kunalokho, wasebenzisa indawo prime eziphakeme lapho-Oder. Kwimfunda lomfula entwasahlobo bekulokhu egcwele izikhukhula, ngakho onjiniyela German wabhubhisa ingxenye yokuqala edamini, bese ukudedela amanzi umfula. Ngakho, ethafeni yaphenduka ixhaphozi. Ngemuva ke kukhona obuthathu ukuzivikela: owokuqala - isimiso ahlukahlukene ezivikelweni, ngothango futhi imisele; yesibili - Seelow Heights, impi ngoba ngubani zizambalekela Apreli 16 kuya 19; wesithathu - umugqa "Wotan", etholakala 17-20 amakhilomitha ngemuva front line uqobo.

Ngu ekuqaleni impi 56th German Panzer Corps abangaba yizinkulungwane 50. Man. Ngemva kwempi e-Berlin bakwazi ukuphula ayizinkulungwane 13-15 kuphela. Amabutho, kamuva owaba abavikeli yenhloko-dolobha amaNazi.

Indawo amabutho aseSoviet

April 9 wawa eKönigsberg - the nenqaba lokugcina yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Khona-ke 2nd isiBelorussia Front, elaliholwa Marshal Rokossovsky, wathatha ibhange esempumalanga-Oder. Khona-ke amasonto amabili ukuba redeploy amasosha aseSoviet. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, 1st isiBelorussia Front bagxila amabutho akhe phambi wokukhulekela izindawo eziphakeme. South kukhona compounds Ukraine 1st eholwa Marshal Konev.

Ubude eduze Seelow eziphakeme babe abantu 2.5 million, ezingaphezu kuka-6 ayizinkulungwane amathangi. Soviet, nazo ezifakwe lapha, kanye wezikhali self ezinezinjini, ayizinkulungwane 7.5. Airplanes ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3. "Katyusha" futhi 41 ayizinkulungwane. Nasekwenzeni wezikhali emgqonyeni.

impi

16 Apreli 1st isiBelorussia Front waqhubeka ecasula wawela zokuqala zokuzivikela. Ngu ntambama ngosuku olufanayo wahlangana ekumelaneni isiqinisekiso esiqine kunazo zonke amaJalimane ukulwela Seelow Heights. Kwakuyimpi enzima kakhulu. Emgqeni zokuzivikela yesibili kwadingeka ukuba ubuye-division abaphikisi. I kwabantu of wezikhali nhlangothi zombili komgwaqo main ukuthi wahambisana ezindaweni eziphakemeyo safinyelela mayelana 200 izibhamu 1 km.

Ngosuku umzamo wokuqala ukusheshisa kusengaphambili we amabutho aseSoviet senziwa. Yeka ukulwa kwamabutho amabili ithangi kwangena. Kodwa akuzange elamukelekile. amayunithi yeselula ne-elihamba baphoqeleka ukuba ahileleke ulwa akhathazayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cishe zonke izimpi tank World babe nobudlova ngokwedlulele futhi igazi. Kuphela ekupheleni April 17, ngemva enamandla emoyeni kanye wezikhali bombardment kwetivikelo ku imigca isitha sase iphukile.

Ring emhlabeni Berlin

Manje mlando bazama ukuqonda uma kudingeka le mpi olunegazi futhi ngendlela efanele afakwe Marshal Zhukov, walahla indlela elula - Berlin esikuyo. Labo zinombono ku sekufanele awushiye sokuthatha dolobha German esiyingini, kungani awuboni the sobala, okungukuthi, ukwakheka ambalwa futhi qualitative we edolobheni isikaniso ukuzivikela. 9th German kanye 4th Armored Army, anesikhundla omuhle-Oder, Babengathi izinkulungwane 200. Man. Kwakunzima ukuba abanike ngisho ithuba kancane ukuthuthela Berlin, kanjalo babe abavikeli yayo.

Zhukov uhlelo

It yasungulelwa elihlakaniphile e lula uhlelo lwayo. Ngokusho kwakhe, amabutho ithangi kwadingeka ukuba athathe uhlangothi esisogwini emaphethelweni Berlin futhi ukwakha emhlabeni into efana umfece. umsebenzi waso kwakuyindishi ukuvimbela nokuqinisa ikhanda inhlokodolobha German ngezithukuthuku izinkulungwane Army 9th, kanye reserve amabutho ukuthi singafika evela entshonalanga.

Esikhathini esigabeni sokuqala esangweni lomuzi awuzange okuhleliwe. Okokuqala, kwadingeka zilinde indlela kweSoviet kuhlanganiswe izingalo zokwakheka. Khona-ke "umfece" bekumele mawuvuleke, futhi ngemva kwalokho baye bahlasela Berlin.

Okungalindelekile ithuba Marshala Koneva enhloko-dolobha isiJalimane, njengoba izazi-mlando zithi lokhu kuye kwaholela izinguquko ezithile kule plan yasekuqaleni Zhukov. Wakhulelwa "umfece" sekuyinkinga imvelo zakudala ngosizo ezinhlangothini ezimbili elincikene nalo ezimbalwa. Cishe bonke khandlu of 9th Army German bavaleleka indandatho emahlathini, elise kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-dolobha. Lena ngenye yama-ukunqotshwa enkulu kwezinhloko zamaviyo undlovukayiphikiswa, is ngakho kungafanele wahlala emthunzini Storming Berlin.

Ngenxa yalokho, inhloko-dolobha yase -Third Reich bavikela amalungu kuphela i-Hitler Youth, izinsalela izingxenye eziphukile ka-Oder futhi amaphoyisa. Sekukonke zazingekho ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. Man. inombolo okunjalo abavikeli ukuvikela umuzi omkhulu, njengoba umlando uye siboniswa, kwakungenele.