Movement Public eholwa ngu-Alexander 1. imisebenzi Uthishanhloko

Ukunqoba kuka-Napoleon waletha ukuthula eside elindelwe e-Europe, kodwa akazange ukuxazulula izinkinga zangaphakathi Empire Russian. Ngemva kwempi yaba wokubusa kuka-Alexander 1, libhekene isiqondiso omusha wenkonzo zomphakathi - ukunyakaza komphakathi. Ngokokuqala ngqá e-Russian imizamo civil ngiye ngazuza ifomu elihlelekile. Movement Public eholwa ngu-Alexander 1 semisebenzi yalo wobulawa esisekelweni imibono ovulekile.

Liberalism kuleli zwe

Imibono ka-European liberalism ukusabalala eRussia esikhathini uCatherine II, ngubani kwakulingana ngenkuthalo nge ideologists ezinjalo lesi siqondiso, njengoba uVoltaire, uRousseau Diderot, nabanye. Nokho, kamuva iNdlovukazi sinqatshiwe lezi zimfundiso, kufanele wesaba ukuthi kuzolimaza ohlanga eRussia.

Okwesibili Wind ukunyakaza Liberals eRussia sathola e 1812. Amasosha nezikhulu abaye e-Europe, wabuyela ekhaya Umphikisi umsekeli oqinile serfdom futhi umbuso autocratic. bambalala Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke ngoba iziphathimandla kudingeka liguqule izwe kubangelwa intuthuko ngisho nokusha okuncane ukunganeliseki sabantu. Kuyinto kulezizimo wazalelwa futhi waqala imisebenzi yayo ukunyakaza komphakathi eholwa ngu-Alexander 1.

isifinyezo

Eyokuqala izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni eRussia ayehlaselwa zokulala Masonic. Umqondo ukuvela ukunyakaza Masonic uye zazivela eYurophu. Ngonyaka ka-20 kwekhulu XIX. amalungu Masonic zokulala babengaba zinkulungwane 3. ezicukuthwaneni, abathengisi kanye ongaswele lutho. Freemasonry akuniké umphakathi nakho kudingekile lenhlangano kanye nemisebenzi ye-imiphakathi eyimfihlo. Ngokuyinhloko ukunyakaza komphakathi eholwa ngu-Alexander 1 ukwazi abanjalo imiphakathi eyimfihlo: kusindiswe Union, Southern Society Union of United lwamaSlav nabanye.

insindiso Union

Lena yinkampani yokuqala enkulu. Umsunguli wawo kwaba AN Izintuthwane - uColonel Jikelele Abasebenzi, hero kweMpi Yezwe II.

Injongo eyinhloko yawo Union of Insindiso kwaba ukuqedwa serfdom kanye umkhawulo amalungelo yokubusa kwamakhosi. Kwakukhona abanye izingcingo sokwakha lolu zungu futhi regicide, kodwa abazange basakaze phakathi iningi amalungu enyunyana.

Ngemva kwanqunywa ukuheha ukwesekwa umphakathi, ukuHlangana Rescue iqhakazile, futhi isisekelo yayo kwakukhona ukuchuma Union. Uhlelo Imfihlo Umphakathi kwadingeka sisekelo wayo siqu, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi "Green Book". Ngesisekelo inkampani kwakhiwa umqondo ofanayo njengakuqala - kokugumbuqelwa autocracy nokubhujiswa serfdom. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo amalungu union wavumelana iqhaza izinguquko isimo, kanye uhulumeni enamathiselwe kakhulu imibono lwemfundo noqeqesho. Lapho uhulumeni wenqaba ukuguqula isimo, ukunyakaza komphakathi ka-Alexander 1 iye kusongelwa. Kuphumelele amasu okugumbuqela imibuso wezempi e -Western Europe utshelwa umbono ukuhlela umbuso wezempi e-Russia kanye ukuphoqa uhulumeni athambise isandla.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva Union of Welfare lamiswa imiphakathi entsha, okubhekiselwe kuyo le kuhlangana khona iNyakatho neNingizimu.

Northern umphakathi

Umphakathi uye waba phakathi nendawo North Petersburg. amalungu Union EP Obolensky, S. P. Trubetskoy, N. M. Muravev, nabanye. Ngokusho kohlelo evezwe N. M. Muravevym e "uMthethosisekelo" yalo, Russia kwadingeka bayeke autocracy futhi babe amakhosi ohlanga eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Wabuye wabeka umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi division yase Russia ku 15 "amandla." Ikhawulelwe ilungelo imithetho yombusi. It wanakekela inkululeko siqu abalimi futhi yethulwa amalungelo ezakhamuzi zonke izakhamuzi zaseRussia. La maphuzu ukunikeza umbono walokho ukufuna ukunyakaza komphakathi ka-Alexander 1.

umphakathi Wik

Lokhu united ukufundiswa kwemiphakathi izikhulu owakhonza endaweni ye-Ukraine. Inhloko Southern Society - hero zempi Borodino, uColonel P. I. Pestel.

Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, okusalungiswa UMthethosisekelo Russian ngokuthi "Iqiniso Russian" yadalwa, kodwa ngaphezulu olukhulu kunobukaJohane Muravyova iziphakamiso. Ngakho, uMbuso Russian wayebe izwe republic, hhayi amakhosi ohlanga. Phatha isimo kwadingeka Supreme Council kanye Yabantu Chamber. Abalimi ukunikeza inkululeko hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umhlaba iziza.

Ngakho, ukukhanselwa serfdom futhi izinguquko ezinkulu esimweni oluyisisekelo ukuthi ukunyakaza libhekene zomphakathi eholwa ngu-Alexander 1. Ithebula efanekisa a izinhlangano injongo emfushane umphakathi, lapha ngenzansi.

Amalungu imiphakathi eyimfihlo ngenkuthalo wakhuluma ngezindlela wangempela bafinyelele imigomo yabo. Umphumela waba isinqumo kwesethulo State Military.

Naphezu ekusithekeni, uhulumeni nakancane mayelana izinsongo esakuthwala ukunyakaza komphakathi eholwa ngu-Alexander 1. 1822, kwanqunywa ukuba zivimbele zonke izindawo zokulala Masonic futhi imiphakathi eyimfihlo. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, walayela ukuboshwa abahlanganyeli kulokho kuvukela. Ukufa ezingalindelekile kaKesari kwaphoqa abantu ukuba bavukele ngo-1825.