Marshal Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich: emfushane biography, izithombe, izingcaphuno, imiklomelo

Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich, Biography iDemo okuyinto okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, yazalwa ngo-1897, ku-Novemba 20, edolobhaneni Chardakhly, elise ensimini ka-Azerbaijan, eduze Yelizavetpol. Weza evela emkhayeni ompofu.

Uyise ubesebenza njengomshayeli railwayman. Ivan wafundisa yena ukufunda nokubhala. Wathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala esikhathini Armenia Isikole sezenkolo. Khona-ke, eminyakeni 1907-12., Ivan nezifundo zakhe e Tiflis, ujantshi esikoleni sendawo. Kusukela ngo-1912 kuya ku-1915 Baghramyan ukuthola ekhethekile vele esikoleni lobuchwepheshe, bese baba uchwepheshe kanye nongoti.

Kusukela senkonzo yezempi

Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich wasebenza izinyanga eziningana, ngemva kwalokho wangena phakathi kwababusi bempi Russian njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela. Waqala inkonzo yezempi ku Ibutho inqolobane elihamba ke wayekhonza ebandleni lesibili umngcele ibutho (elihamba). Njengoba indoda ethile efundile futhi abanesibindi, Bagramyan waklonyeliswa umkhuba ugunyaza esikoleni. Waqeda ke ngo-1917. Ngemva kwalokho Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich nengxenye belwa Turkish Bashi-bazouks. Kwasebenza kuqala eyesithathu sokudubula eshalofini, bese - yokuqala Armenia abakhwele amahhashi division.

I Februwari Revolution futhi kulwiwa e isiphetho Baghramian

Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich (esithombeni sakhe is okwethulwa kulesi sihloko) ezinsukwini zika -February Revolution kwaba ngaphansi kwethonya Dashnaks. On side yabo, wakhonza kuze 1920 njengoba Armenia esiphikisayo revolution akuyona ukuyiveza. Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich wajoyina sokuzithandela Red Army ekupheleni 1920. Wakhonza khona okokuqala, induna ibutho Okokuqala Armenia, bese iqhaza kulwiwa (11 Army) tikhundla eqenjini. Ivan Hristoforovich nakho kwaba nengxenye ekusindeni ukusungulwa kwamandla Soviet endaweni Georgia ne-Armenia.

Kuze Februwari 1921 wayengumuntu induna isigaba, umsizi nomyali. Ngo-1921, kusukela ngo-March kuya ku-September, yena waba unobhala Georgian omele lempi Armenia SSR. Ngemva kwesikhashana, waphinde wathatha umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili. Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich ephethwe isevisi intelligence we ibutho kuze kube sekupheleni 1923

ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo

Ngemva kulwiwa iphelile, wadlula izifundo ezikhethekile lokuhloswe ngato ekwenteni ncono nobhoko lomyali. Njengoba induna ibutho, wathunyelwa e 1923 Armenia Infantry Division. Baghramyan kusuka 1924 kuya ku-1925, wafunda izifundo abakhwele amahhashi for izikhulu kwedolobha Leningrad. ofunda akhe angamalangabi abanegama ezifana K. K. Rokossovsky futhi G. K. Zhukov. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu Baghramyan wabuyela esigabeni sakhe eposini yakhe yangaphambilini. Kuyo, wakhonza kuze 1931.

Baghramyan ngo-1931 waqala ukutadisha at the Academy. Frunze. Waqeda ke ngo-June 1934. Ngo-1935, November 29, Bagramyan ukhushuliwe sombutho. Kulo nyaka olandelayo, kusukela ngo-Okthoba, wathatha imisebenzi yakhe abasebenzi umnyango imisebenzi, futhi wakhonza njengephayona abakhulu yayo. Nakuba kuleli zwe Kwakuseshwa mass ekuqothulweni iRed Army. On Baghramyan kwaba futhi enenhlabathi. Nokho, sakwazi ukumsindisa - wangenela A. I. Mikoyan.

Baghramyan ngo-Okthoba 1938, bathweswa iziqu Military Academy e-General Assembly Abasebenzi. Kuyo, wahlala ukukhonza njengomfundisi weZwi amacebo.

Ukuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe e isiphetho Ivana Hristoforovicha

Ngemva ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, Kiev Military District Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-Ningizimu-Western Front. Ivan Hristoforovich owayeyinhloko kwemisebenzi kanye nesekela abakhulu labasebenzi Front. Kulo msebenzi, wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa okuhlaselayo 1st Army sika ezinkulu eduze Lutsk, Rivne futhi Dubno. It kwawukhinyabeza kusengaphambili zamabutho German armored, kodwa ayizange ilondolozwe kuyoyonke iNingizimu-Western Front. Ukwenqena ukunikeza Kiev abahlaseli German kwaholela yokuthi ngaphambili esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe. Kwake kwathi ngo-imvelo ukwehlukana wanikwa umyalelo wokugcina - ukuzama ukubalekela bebheke Romney, okuyinto bezabalaza ukuze amabutho ukudlula. abasebenzi oluzoQapha we yi lahlukaniswa, nezinduna zakhe wayala amaqembu ngabanye. Ivanu Hristoforovichu ephethwe ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo kusukela imvelo. labantu yabo kwaba mayelana 20,000. Ukuze iqhaza Kiev ukusebenza ukuzivikela ngo-1941, ngo-August 12, yena yanikezelwa elisezingeni uMajor General. Baghramyan wathola umvuzo Order of Red Banner.

Bagramyan baba induna-Southwestern Front. uLieutenant jikelele

Yindlunkulu-Southwestern Front wabhujiswa, Bagramyan waqokwa induna le ngaphambili. Army counteroffensive eRostov kwenziwa ngokuvumelana icebo lakhe ezinsukwini ezinzima empini ngenxa Kiev. Sam Baghramyan iqhaza ekuphathweni yempi. Abahlaseli German ngenxa yalo msebenzi baxoshwa emzini Rostov-on-Don. Lokhu kwaba neqhaza elikhulu ukunqoba, ekhishwe ngo-impi eMoscow. Baghramian ebusika wathunyelwa umyalo elise esifundeni iqembu inhlokodolobha amabutho. esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo eyimpumelelo, okuyinto wahola, ziye zaholela yini baba lusizi izingxenye Wehrmacht, okuyizinto eduze Yelets. I iRed Army wakwazi ukuphonsa amaJalimane e-80-100 km, wabhubhisa onqenqemeni kanjalo Eletskii. Bagramyan ngoba umsebenzi brilliant waklonyeliswa elisezingeni uLieutenant jikelele.

1942 Baghramian umsebenzi

Ivan Hristoforovich baqhubeka lokuyala ohlangothini South-West. Nge-January 1942 okuhlaselayo Barvinkove Lozovskaya-operation lakhiwe futhi kwenziwe ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe. Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngoMeyi, wahlanganyela ukuhlelwa laseKharkov operation okuhlaselayo. Nokho, ngenxa amaphutha, sekuwumkhuba ukwehluleka. Iqembu elikhulu amasosha Russian wakwazi ukuthatha ku-German ibutho imvelo ngalesi okuhlaselayo, bese kubuqede. Abahlaseli German ngenxa kulokhu kuhluleka nethuba ukuba singangeni ngenkani eCaucasus and kwaseStalingrad. Bakhandwa asuswe okuthunyelwe ka induna yenkulungwane labasebenzi eNingizimu-esentshonalanga. Hhayi lisinde kulokhu ukudalelwa futhi wezempi abanamakhono ezinjalo, Ivan Bagramyan, Biography emfushane lapho sinesithakazelo. isiqondiso Ngokusobala yahlakazeka. Noma kunjalo, ngemva kokuqala okuhlaselayo kwacaca kuye asilungiselele. Umyalo ulindele ukuba ngokuyinhloko yokuthi amaJalimane ehlobo waphinda zama wasithatha eMoscow. ukuhlaselwa Active Tymoshenko sinqume ukuqhubeka. Nokho, kamuva waqaphela ukuthi abaningi asebenzayo isitha ukumelana amabutho lakhula. I ukuze angabaleki okuhlaselayo kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi amaJalimane lanikezwa ithuba futhi ukuba azungeze ibutho Russian. Ukuhluleka lo msebenzi kwaba isizathu ukuthi ngaphambili yenkulungwane abasebenzi abaphathi baye balahlekelwa izikhundla zabo.

Ivan Hristoforovich, ngubani waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla esiphethweyo, kwaba isikhathi esithile zigciniwe. Kodwa kakade ngo-1942, ngo-July, wathunyelwa kumlawuli Western Front of the Army 16. Ngokuhamba elwa impi akhe babaphatha umonakalo elisemqoka kuya isitha, ikakhulukazi ebusika 1942-43.

1943

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kwaholela Bagramyan ibutho saqanjwa Guards 11. Ehlobo lika-1943, ngesikhathi Battle of eKursk, ethula inkulumo yakhe phambi ku Bryansk Front, amabutho akhe ngempumelelo kwenziwa msebenzi flank, negalelo elikhulu ekunqotshweni leqembu eyinhloko amabutho esitha. Khahlela kusukela flank okudale ibutho Baghramian ngokuzumayo obala amaJalimane. Amabutho akhe phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezimbili ecasula wahluleka ukuphula ngokusebenzisa izivikelo isitha at 25 km ekujuleni eningizimu. AmaJalimane, ukuze umise okuhlaselayo, waqala shift amaviyo alo ngaseningizimu kanye empumalanga Eagle. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi kuhlasela Russian phezu Bryansk Front anda kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Army Central Front, okwaqala ngo-July 17 kuhlasela asebenzayo, naye waba hambisa yimpumelelo maqondana Eagle. Ngo-1943, 5 Agasti, amabutho Russian bakwazi lokususa ngokuphelele amaJalimane kusukela Eagles. Manje endleleni eyiyona ka Bryansk. Baghramyan imisebenzi ngempumelelo wathola i the Order of Suvorov idigri yokuqala kanye elisezingeni sombutho jikelele.

Ivanu Hristoforovichu 17 Novemba 1943 wanikwa isihloko Jikelele weZempi. Ivan Bagramyan, ogama biography isazoqhubeka ziyobonakala impumelelo eziningi, wamiswa induna 19 Novemba lokuqala Baltic Front. Bagramyan wayala wamabutho ngubani ngempumelelo kwenziwa Gorodoksky ocasulayo, wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukusebenza Belarusian okuhlukumezayo ecasula iBaltic.

Kuchubeka isenzo yimpumelelo ngo-1944

Ngo-1944, impi, wahola Ivan Hristoforovich, isinyathelo ngempumelelo enkulu eduze Vitebsk, kanye inqubo ezihambayo amabutho phambi bebheke Memel ngesikhathi zihlasela imisebenzi iBaltic. Ngoba inhlangano yimpumelelo kwezinhloko zamaviyo wathola isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. imiklomelo zakhe eziningi, kodwa lokhu zibaluleke ngokukhethekile.

Unyaka wokugcina empini

Ngo-1945, entwasahlobo, waba yinduna ukulwa imisebenzi Samland iqembu. Yasungulwa ngesisekelo owokuqala Baltic Front. Lokhu ibutho lempi ezahlanganiswa naleli Okwesithathu Front isi-Byelorussian. It wayengaphansi A. M. Vasilevskogo, Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngokusekelwa zezindiza amabutho Baghramian waqhubeka ecasula at Koenigsberg. Njengoba ayekhuphuka ngempumelelo athunjwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukushiyeka Ngokushesha wahlupheka zonke Samland isitha amabutho.

Ngo-1945, April 24, Marshal Vasilevsky ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa ezempi eliseMpumalanga Ekude, ethathwa phambi. Baghramyan, Jikelele weZempi, ekubeni induna yesithathu phambi isiBelorussia. Ivan Hristoforovich usekhonze ukuthi isikhundla kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngo-1945, angu-24 Juni, wahola ibutho wokuqala Baltic Front ngesikhathi ukuhalalisa kokunqoba.

Ukudalelwa Baghramian ngemva kwempi

Jikelele Bagramyan ngemva kwempi, fuza phatha of Baltic Military District. Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, ngo-May 1954 wathuthela eMnyango Wezokuvikela zase-USSR, Group of Abahloli Jikelele. Ngemva konyaka, ngo-March 11, yena yanikezelwa isihloko Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Bagramyan baba IPhini likaNgqongqoshe wezokuVikela.

ukufa Baghramian

Washona ngo-September 21, 1982. Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich (1897-1982) ungcwatshwe eMoscow ngo-Red Square. He is nombhali "Endleleni eya Ukunqoba Omkhulu" nethi "Kusukela yaqala impi." Izwe akasikhohliwe iqhawe ezifana Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. Quotes kuye, okungase ngokuthi ethandwa kakhulu - "Ngakho sase elizonqoba" nangokuthi "amadodana Omkhulu kamfundisi eCaucasus" (mayelana Pushkin futhi Lermontov). Bambalwa izitatimende ke etholwe udumo olukhulu, ayikwazi ngaye.

Baningi imiklomelo wathola Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. Biography emfushane, okuyinto ufundile nje, inikeza ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo mayelana nakho. Sithemba ozifundile ke into entsha. Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi indoda okuphawulekayo kwakuwumoya Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. Umlando wakhe okwalotshwa yithi ukuze umazi kangcono kubo abafundi.