Alexander 1 Board

Yokubusa Alexander 1 kwadingeka phezu iminyaka kwesibhamu lonke kwemikhankaso Europe sikaNapoleon lempi. "U-Alexander" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "winner", njalo inkosi walungisiswa ngokugcwele igama layo uyaziqhenya kangaka waze wanikela ngeNdodana ugogo wakhe uthweswe umqhele uCatherine II.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje, kwaze kwaba sekukhanyeni ngekusasa uMbusi u-Alexander Petersburg kwaba uzamcolo eyinhlekelele kakhulu kwekhulu le-18. Amanzi rose ngenhla ngamamitha amathathu. Umama u-Alexander, inkosikazi yombusi uPawulu Petrovich yayiningi kangaka ethukile ukuthi wayemesaba zonke ukubeletha preterm, kodwa akwenzekanga lutho. 1 Alexander wakubona lokhu uzamcolo 1777 kuwuphawu lokuthi yanikwa phezu ngaphambi kokuzalwa.

Ezemfundo ka indlalifa injabulo ehilelekile ugogo wakhe, uCatherine II. Yena wacosha sakhe umzukulu ethandekayo abafundisi, wabhala imiyalelo ekhethekile nganoma iyiphi indlela edingekayo ukuqhuba imfundo nokuqeqeshwa. uyise ka-Alexander, uMbusi uPawulu 1, futhi bafuna ukukhulisa indodana yakhe ku imithetho yakhe eqinile futhi waphoqelela ukulalela esiqinile. Lokhu kokuphikisa kukababa noninakhulu washiya isigxivizo ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on umlingisi Alexander abasha. Wayengumuntu bavame ukungazi - obani ulalele, ukuthi baziphathe kanjani. Lesi simo wafundisa umbusi esizayo ngabodwa nokugcina izinto ziyimfihlo.

Emqansweni yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Alexander 1, ngenxa sibhicongo esigodlweni. Uyise, uPawulu 1, waklinywa kulolo zungu, zazo Alexander wayenolwazi. Noma kunjalo, izindaba kokufa kukayise u-Alexander alethwe acishe ukuquleka. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, akakwazanga yaqhuma futhi wamlalela kulo lonke bakhi. Yokubusa Alexander 1 waqala 1801, lapho eneminyaka engu-24 ubudala. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe lo mbusi uzohlupheka ukuzisola futhi kuzo zonke izinsizi yokuphila ukubona isijeziso iyathinteka ekubulaweni Paul 1.

I ekuqaleni kokubusa kuka-Alexander 1 imakwe ukuqedwa imithetho ubudala nemithetho ukuthi yethulwe ngesikhathi, uPawulu. Zonke izicukuthwane babebuyela amalungelo namahloni iziqu. Abapristi badedelwa kuhlawuliswa, Imfihlo Office futhi bomkhankaso Imfihlo zavalwa, saphinde saqala ukuziphatha ukhetho abamele yezikhulu.

Alexander 1 ngisho anakekela ukususwa kwezithibelo izingubo ukuthi kwangena ngaphansi uPawulu 1. Amasosha impumuzo waphakamisa wigs ezimhlophe eluke amagoda futhi bahlaselane bodwa-civil futhi ukwazi ukugqoka jackets, amajazi amakhulu nezigqoko nxazonke.

Umbusi uzungu kancane kancane wathumela kude esigodlweni: ezinye eSiberia, ezinye eCaucasus.

Yokubusa Alexander 1 saqala kwekuhlela kabusha ngokulinganisela-nesandla esivulekile, okusalungiswa zazo bahlakulele uMbusi zakhe nabangane bakhe abasha: Prince Kochubei Novosiltsev Bala, Bala Stroganov. "IKomidi wokuphepha komphakathi," babizela nemisebenzi yabo. Zakhamuzi zazenza ingcosana futhi abathengisi bavunyelwa ukuba bathole umhlaba asihlali muntu, wavula Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, amayunivesithi abangu eyasungulwa ngo emadolobheni ahlukene of Russia.

umsizi ka-Alexander abaseduze kusukela 1808, kuba UNobhala woMbuso Speransky, futhi owayengumphathi umsekeli asebenzayo isimo kabusha. Ngawo lowo nyaka kuKesari esimisiwe uNgqongqoshe neMpi AA Arakcheev, a protege yangaphambili uPawulu 1. Wayekholelwa ukuthi Arakcheev "abaqotho ngaphandle ukuthopha", ngakho athembela kuye ukuba anikeze imiyalo kangaka waze wanikela ngeNdodana ngaphambili.

Yokubusa Alexander 1 namanje akubanga ngobudlova ashisekela izinguquko, ngakho ngisho kwiphrojekthi kwekuhlela kabusha Speransky isimo ziye lwenteke izinto kuphela kakhulu "ephephile". ukuphikelela Special futhi ukungaguquguquki kombusi akazange abonise.

Ngo inqubomgomo angaphandle, isithombe efanayo. IRussia yasayina isivumelwano sokusungula zezivumelwano zokuthula ngqo iBrithani neFrance, uzama ukuwuqondisa phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Nokho, ngo-1805, u-Alexander 1 waphoqeleka ukuba ujoyine umfelandawonye ngokumelene France, njengoba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni usongo ezithile kokugqilazwa ngu Napoleon yonke iYurophu. Ngawo lowo nyaka, amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo (Austria, Russia nase-Prussia) lahluleka kabuhlungu Austerlitz futhi Friedland, okwaholela ukusayinwa Ukuthula Tilsit nge Napoleon.

Kodwa leli zwe ayebuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi ngaphambi Russia kulindeleke impi ka 1812, umlilo elimazayo eMoscow kanye olunzima impi bamfele ka Borodino. The French abaxoshwayo Russia, lebutho Russian ngokunqoba aphethwe amazwe aseYurophu Paris. Alexander 1 lwaluyoba umkhululi futhi ukuhola umfelandawonye amazwe aseYurophu ngokumelene France.

Zenith Lodumo U-Alexander waba kokungena kwakhe impi e-Paris yanqotshwa. Izakhamuzi, siqiniseke ukuthi umuzi wabo ngeke ushiswe ngomdlandla ekujabuleleni wabingelela amasosha Russian. Ngakho-ke, nokubusa Alexander 1, abantu abaningi iyihlanganise ne ukunqoba kwesibhamu phezu Napoleon empini ye 1812.

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo Bonaparte, umbusi wayeka izinguquko ovulekile olufanayo ezweni lakhe. Speransky ususiwe kuyo yonke izikhala kanye yadingiselwa Nizhny Novgorod. Kulendawo futhi bavunyelwe ezinqumela ekudingisweni serfs eSiberia ngaphandle kwecala. Kwavulwa amayunivesithi ziye wethulwa nomkhawulo ukuzimela.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi Petersburg, futhi waseMoscow laqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa kwenhlangano engokwenkolo-ezingaqondakali. zokulala Masonic, okuyinto uvinjelwe kuthiwa uCatherine II, wabuye waphila. Yokubusa Alexander 1 ongene eyodwa ka conservatism nezimfihlakalo.

Usihlalo esiGungwini Petersburg wanika Umbhishobhi futhi esiGungwini amalungu aqokwe Umbusi ngokwakhe. Ngokusemthethweni balandela esiGungwini ukusebenza kumshushisi omkhulu, omunye u-Alexander 1, Prince Golitsyn. Ngo-1817 wabuye walibangisa le uMnyango Wezenkolo, eyasungulwa isimemezelo imithetho yombusi. Yiphunga umphakathi kancane kancane yagcwala yonke nezimfihlakalo omkhulu kanye nokuphakamisa zenkolo. Ziningi seances, Bible Society, indlu yesonto namasiko ongaziwa sewenze umoya lokuhlubuka futhi usongo olukhulu ukuba izisekelo Ukholo Orthodox.

Ngakho-ke, iSonto iqale impi ngo-nezimfihlakalo. Wayehola ukunyakaza indela UPhotius. Yena lilandelwa umhlangano we ezingaqondakali, iziphi izincwadi kuzala yini izitatimende ephuma imvelo yabo. Wathuka nabakhi esidlangalaleni, washisa encwadini yabo. UNgqongqotjhe neMpi Arakcheyev asekelwe abefundisi bama-Orthodox kule mpi, ngakho ingcindezi Imininingwane Golitsyn kwadingeka bayeke. Kodwa Echoes zemfihlakalo lizimelele isikhathi eside bazenza wazizwa phakathi Russian umphakathi eliphezulu.

kakhulu efanayo-Alexander 1 ku 20s kwekhulu le-19 ngokuya baqala ukuvakashela zezindela wakhuluma isifiso sakhe ukuba asuke. Noma yimuphi ukulahla gobe futhi imiphakathi eyimfihlo ningathinti kusemini. Zonke izenzakalo ebona njengoba isijeziso ngenxa kokufa kukayise futhi izindaba zakhe ngaphandle komshado. Ufuna ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kanye achithe ukuphila nekusasa isihlawulelo.

IBhodi Alexander 1zavershilos ngo-1825 - ngokuvumelana imibhalo wafa eTaganrog, lapho ababehambe umkakhe ukuba aphathe. UMbusi kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg ebhokisini lokungcwaba avaliwe. Abazibonele bathi ukuthi ubuso kwashintsha kakhulu. Ngokusho amahlebezi, ngesikhathi esifanayo eTaganrog, wafa courier, kufana kakhulu ngokubukeka Alexander. Kuze kube manje, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uMbusi wasebenzisa leli thuba ukuba ashiye esihlalweni sobukhosi uhambe ezulazulayo. Zithanda noma zingathandi - amaqiniso zomlando leli phuzu.

Imiphumela wokubusa kuka-Alexander 1 ingafingqwa kanje: kwaba umthetho ngempela esingalingani, olwaqala kwekuhlela kabusha ovulekile salandelwa conservatism eqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Alexander 1 phakade langena umlando njengoba umkhululi Russia nase yonke iYurophu. Wayelethwa ohlonishwayo futhi wadumisa, bazisa futhi wadumisa, kodwa unembeza siqu lwamenza ukuphumula kuze kube phakade.