Ukukhululwa laseKharkov kubahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa

Battle laseKharkov kwaba yi ngekulandzelana kubaluleke kakhulu izenzo ngempumelelo amasosha aseSoviet ngo- the eKursk Bulge. Kugcine enamandla balwe umzamo German labhuntsha, futhi umsebenzi manje kwaba e ukukhululwa zakuqala ezifundeni yezimboni Ukraine, bayakwazi ukunikeza ete phambili.

imisebenzi imisebenzi

Okuhlukumezayo laseKharkov babuphambi eziningi izinkinga. Into ebaluleke kakhulu angabhekwa ukudalwa isisekelo inkululeko obengeziwe Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine ngokuvamile futhi ngokukhethekile Donbass zezimboni (kwakukhona ithuba yokumelwa flank). Futhi, kufanele athathe ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha komuzi (kukhona sezindiza airfield izindiza ifektri), futhi ekugcineni ukuyeka eminye imizamo amaNazi ethathe esiphikisayo nokuhlasela kokunqotshwa iqembu laseKharkov (elikhulu ngobukhulu namandla).

Kungani laseKharkov?

Kule ndaba, lo muzi waphinde tinake kakhulu? Impendulo itholakala umlando laseKharkov, okuyinto kusukela ngekhulu XVIII yayiyisikhungo eziyinhloko zendalo ephilayo kwezomnotho nezamasiko Sloboda Ukraine. Kakade phakathi kwekhulu XIX wonke umuzi ukuxhumana kujantshi eMoscow. Kukulo muzi lapho 1805 wavula lokuqala e-Ukraine, okwamanje University of ezikhathini zanamuhla (Academy Medieval futhi University of Lviv kule plan ungabali), khona-ke Polytechnic Institute.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka pre-impi laseKharkov kwaba ubunjiniyela isikhungo esiyinhloko, wanika u-40% imikhiqizo ye umkhakha e-Ukraine, futhi 5% - kulo lonke lelo zwe. Ngakho, kwaba khona engaba zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe.

Kwakunezizathu ezizwakalayo ngemibono. Yenzeka ezulwini laseKharkov iCongress of amaSoviet, yamemezela ukuhlonywa kwe-Ukrainian Soviet Republic ngo-December 1917. Kuze 1934, muzi wawuyinhloko-dolobha esemthethweni ye-Ukraine SSR (imele "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic", hhayi njengoba ejwayele ingane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, kukhona umehluko nezifinyezo ngolimi Ukraine).

Ingemuva

Futhi izinhlangothi German nawaseSoviet waqonda kahle okushiwo laseKharkov. Ngakho-ke, isiphetho edolobheni phakathi nempi khona kwakunzima kakhulu. Ukukhululwa laseKharkov 1943 - kwaba kakade impi wesine kuleli dolobha. kwenzeka kanjani konke? Ngalolu futhi Kuzoxoxwa.

24-25 Okthoba 1941 amaNazi umsebenzi laseKharkov senziwa. Kubita kubo obuncani - ehlaselwe ngemiphumela ukunqotshwa yamuva kwezemvelo kanye eduze Kiev futhi Uman kubhayela, lapho ukulahleka aseSoviet ngayo emakhulwini ezinkulungwane. Into kuphela ezazisele kulelo dolobha kwakufanele ezimayini umsakazo-elawulwa (ezinye ukuqhuma okwalandela waphumelela kakhulu), futhi ingxenye enkulu imishini ezimbonini ephethwe ukususa noma ukuchitha.

Kodwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1942, umyalo Soviet wenza umzamo ukuba baphinde edolobheni. I okuhlaselayo ukuthi kahle okulungiselelwe (ngokungabi bikho izinqolobane combat-ngomumo), kanye nomuzi futhi aba ngaphansi kokulawula iRed Army izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukusebenza wawuqala 12 kuya ku-29 Meyi futhi yaphela iqembu elikhulu ezungeze amabutho aseSoviet kunqotshwa kwazo okuphelele.

Umzamo lwesithathu senziwe enezimo ezingcono. Ngisho ngesikhathi Battle of kwaseStalingrad we-Southwestern Front baqala imisebenzi okuhlaselayo ku Donbass. Ngemva yokubuyiswa amaqembu Paulus lo offensive wathutha Voronezh Front. Ngo-February wathatha ingxenye eKursk futhi Sifundazwe, kanye 16 laseKharkov lithunjwa.

Nge izinhlelo umbono emikhulu counteroffensive imisebenzi ( "Citadel", okuyinto yaphela ngesikhathi eKursk Bulge), uhulumeni German ababengayikholelwa ekulahlekelweni okufana ezokuthutha ihabhu ezibalulekile, njengoba laseKharkov. Mashi 15, 1943 ngamabandla ezimbili SS (futhi ungacabangi ukuthi zingabantu nje amaJuda akwazi ukudubula futhi bashise Katyn - SS elite ebuthweni Hitler), lo muzi waphinde kabusha lithunjwa.

Uma ayizitha sehlulwe ...

Kodwa ngo-July, uhlelo kaHitler esiphikisayo okuhlaselayo akuphumelelanga; umyalo laseSoviet etukwetimphumelelo. Okuhlukumezayo laseKharkov wazibona njengoba kubalulekile esizayo esiseduze ngaphambi kokuphela Battle of eKursk. Lapho uhlela ukuba kukhululwe oluzayo laseKharkov waxoxa umbuzo oyinhloko: noma afeze ukusebenza kwezemvelo noma ukubhujiswa kwesitha?

Banquma ushaye phansi ngesikhathi kubhujiswa - imvelo kwakudinga isikhathi esiningi. Yebo, waphumelela lolungenamaphutsa at kwaseStalingrad, kodwa eminye ngokuhamba izimpi okuhlaselayo, Red Army waphinda yakhetha kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-1944, ngesikhathi Battle of the Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ehlasela laseKharkov, umyalo Soviet ngisho kwesokunxele ngamabomu "ephasishi" ukuphuma amabutho amaNazi - ukuba uziqede endle kwaba lula.

Lapha namuhla - akusekho kusasa

Ehlobo lika-1943 ngesikhathi sempi eKursk lagcwaliseka, nomunye aphoyintimenti ezithakazelisayo amasu, eyaba uhlobo "chip" iRed Army. Siqukethe ekusebenziseni i uthuthumele ngokwanele ezindaweni ezahlukene kunalokho kwesigaba eside ngaphambili. Ngenxa yalokho, isitha waphoqeleka ukuba liphindelela aphonse izinqolobane zabo olude. Kodwa akazange abe nesikhathi ukukwenza, njengoba kuhlasela endaweni ehlukile, futhi kwakulwelwa ku bemvelo okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako engxenyeni yokuqala.

Ngakho kwaba ku Battle laseKharkov. Umsebenzi we amasosha aseSoviet Donbas kanye enhla nenyakatho eKursk Bulge ophoqelelwe amaNazi ukuze uthumele amabutho kusukela laseKharkov. Ungase ukuhlasela.

amabutho amaqembu

Ohlangothini Soviet amabutho we Voronezh Front (Commander - Army General Vatutin) kanye asemaqeleni (umkhuzi - uLieutenant General Konev) nezimpi. Umyalo umkhuba kabusha kwakuwukuthi izingxenye omunye phambi komunye ukuze ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo ngokwengeziwe. Coordination ngesikhathi laseKharkov, IDonetsk and orel isiqondiso nge Marshal Vasilevsky.

Ngo amabutho izimpi ke kwadingeka 5 Guards wamabutho (kuhlanganise 2 tank) futhi Air Force. Lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka enamathiselwe ukusebenza. On the ingxenye phambi nakhelwe ukufohla wadala lokuhlushwa unprecedentedly okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye wezikhali ubuchwepheshe, okuyinto ngokushesha ukuthola izibhamu ezengeziwe, izibhamu self ezinezinjini kanye ithangi T-34 futhi RB-1. Kwathiwa ziphonswe endaweni okuhlaselayo wezikhali amabutho we Bryansk Front. 2 Army kwadingeka zigciniwe Amathenda.

Kusukela German ukuzivikela ngesandla ibutho elihamba kanye ithangi, futhi 14 elihamba futhi 4 ithangi ukwahlukana. Kamuva, ngemva kokuqala ukusebenza, amaNazi ngokushesha idluliselwe endaweni ukuqinisa yayo ne Bryansk Front Mius. Phakathi kwalezi azowalekelela babe enjalo izingcezu owaziwa ngokuthi "Totenkompf", "amaViking", "Das kwamaNazi". Kusukela izinduna kaHitler izenzakalo eziphathelene izimpi emhlabeni laseKharkov, waziwa kakhulu Manstein.

Umkhuzi kusukela esikhathini esidlule

Ingxenye esemqoka ye-laseKharkov operation amasu - empeleni Sifundazwe-laseKharkov operation okuhlaselayo - ithole igama ikhodi - ". Operation Rumyantsev" Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe eSoviet Union wenqaba imikhuba okwandile distancing ngaphambilini ephelele kusukela "imperial" esidlule yezwe. Manje emlandweni Russian bheka izibonelo ezingaba ugqozi abantu ukuba balwe futhi uwine. Igama ukusebenza ukuze akhulule laseKharkov - kule ndawo. Icala akuyona kuphela - ukusebenza ku ukukhululwa kwama-Belarus is ngokuthi "Bagration" eyaziwa, futhi ngemva nje kwezenzakalo laseKharkov ngesikhathi enhla nenyakatho eKursk Bulge "Operation Kutuzov" kwenziwa.

Dlulisela eKharkov!

Kuvakala kahle, kepha ukwenza lokho kwakungenakwenzeka. Loluhlelo wabiza ikhava dolobha wokuqala u ethuthuka amayunithi, kungenzeka ukukhulula ezindaweni eziningi eningizimu nasenyakatho laseKharkov, bese wasithatha dolobha ye-Ukraine.

Igama elithi "Rumyantsev" lisetshenzisiwe ingxenye eyinhloko ukusebenza - umthelela langempela ku laseKharkov. Sifundazwe-laseKharkov laqala ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 3, 1943, futhi kakade ngosuku olufanayo 2 kaHitler panzer ukwahlukana ezazisemizini "imbiza" ngaphansi Tomarovka. 5 ngaphambili ingxenye asemaqeleni ukulwa kufakwe kulesi Sifundazwe. Ngenxa ngosuku olufanayo amabutho Bryansk Front wayematasa Eagle, waphawula lokhu kabili impumelelo iziqhumane eMoscow. Kwaba ukunqoba salute lokuqala ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Agasti 6 operation "Rumyantsev" kwaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele, amathangi Soviet bagcina ekuqedeni nesitha Tomarovskaya kubhayela futhi zayiswa Zolochev. Umuzi basebefika ebusuku, futhi kwaba kuyigxathu. Amathangi bathula, ne izibani off. Lapho ngemvume ku idolobha ukuwozela, baphenduka ngazikhamela isivinini egcwele, ukugasela kunqunywa impumelelo operation Sifundazwe-laseKharkov. Ukusabalala obengeziwe Kharkiv kwaqhubeka kuthuthuka ku Bogoduhov nokuqala Empini Akhtyrka.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ingxenye Izimpi Southern naseNingizimu-Western lasungula okuhlukumezayo the Donbas, ukukhula maqondana Voronezh Front. Akuvunyelwe ukudlulisa ngesikhathi kubusa amaNazi Kharkiv ukusekelwa. Agasti 10 yathathwa ngu kujantshi laseKharkov - Poltava. AmaNazi azama balwe kule ndawo Bogodukhov futhi Akhtyrka (ohanjelwa ikhethelo SS), kodwa imiphumela yaba amacebo esiphikisayo ehlasela - ukumisa kusengaphambili Soviet, kepha bahluleka.

futhi abomvu

Ngo-August 13, lwaphuka umugqa ukuzivikela German ngqo ngesikhathi laseKharkov. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu lo lokulwa nekasele omuzi, kodwa amasosha aseSoviet waqhubekela phambili hhayi njengawe singathanda - izivikelo German ziqinile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo offensive we Voronezh Front esalibele ngenxa izenzakalo at Akhtyrka. Kodwa-21 ngaphambili saqala okuhlaselayo, lanqoba iqembu Akhtyrsky, futhi 22, amaJalimane aqala uyahoxa laseKharkov zayo.

Usuku olusemthethweni wenkululeko laseKharkov - Agasti 23, lapho ibutho laseSoviet olawule ingxenye esemqoka yedolobha. Nokho, nokucindezela ukumelana amaqembu isitha ngabanye kanye nokususwa nedlelo lwakhe lwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sosukwini 30. Qedela wenkululeko laseKharkov kubahlaseli undlovukayiphikiswa iphutha ngalolo suku. Ngo-August 30, edolobheni Bahlela iholide ngesikhathi Liberation. Omunye izivakashi udumo kwaba ongunobhala jikelele esizayo N. S. Hruschev.

Ukukhulula namaqhawe

Njengoba ukusebenza laseKharkov enamathiselwe kubaluleke kakhulu, uhulumeni ayizange ukuhlala phezu umklomelo kubahlanganyeli. Izingxenye eziningi njengoba isihloko zokuhlonipha enamathiselwe amagama abo amagama "Sifundazwe" futhi "Kharkiv". Amasosha nezikhulu imiklomelo isimo Kwasakazwa. Kodwa nangu manje-yena Kharkiv isihloko Hero City awuzange ukhishwa. Bathi, uStalin wanquma ngokumelene nalo ngenxa yokuthi ekugcineni khulula umuzi wawuyigolide kuphela umzamo lesine.

183rd Infantry Division unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa isihloko "kabili laseKharkov". Kwakuwusuku amasosha lokhu division waqale wangena main edolobheni square (it. Dzerzhinsky) futhi ngo-February 16 no-Agasti 23, ngo-1943.

Excellent sizivezile empini laseKharkov Soviet Stormoviks "Petlyakov" futhi tank edume T-34. Namanje - ababezikhiqiza, kuhlanganise ochwepheshe laseKharkov izixaxa Plant! Zayiswa Chelyabinsk, isitshalo nje ngo-1943 waqala ekukhiqizweni amathangi (manje - Chelyabinsk izixaxa Plant).

inkumbulo okuphakade

Impi ngaphandle kokulahleka kungenzeki, futhi umlando ufakazela laseKharkov. Lo muzi ubuholi belusizi ngalolu daba. ukulahlekelwa Soviet ngaphansi kwalo muzi babe izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu kulo lonke yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Yiqiniso, kuyaqondakala ingqikithi zonke izimpi ezine. Ukukhululwa edolobheni nasezindaweni ezizungezile nibaluleke ukudlula 71 eziyinkulungwane. Uhlala.

Kodwa laseKharkov ngasinda, wakha isikhathi eside wayesalokhu sisebenza ngezandla zakhe futhi amabombo ebhekiswe Motherland ezivamile omkhulu ... Futhi manje edolobheni kusadingeka ithuba ...