Uyini amakoloni Spanish? Incazelo, umlando ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

A ikoloni eSpain kwaze yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ithatha ingxenye enkulu ezweni. UMbuso-Spanish wayengomunye walaba uthi enamandla kakhulu izinduna yesikhathi esidlule. ikoloni Active nokwatholakala ezindawo kwaba nethonya eliphawulekayo ukuthuthukiswa komlando wesintu. Conquest abathintekayo ekuthuthukiseni impucuko enkulu yezinhlanga, yolimi kanye benkolo bezizwe eziningi.

ikoloni izimfanelo

Kwesokudla phezulu kwaze kwaba sekhulwini nane, Spain wayemlwela uzibuse. Kusukela naseningizimu nasempumalanga bezwe babelokhu bethelekile amaMoor kanye Saracens. Namakhulu eminyaka amaningi umzabalazo ekugcineni laphela uxoshwe yokugcina ama-Arabhu kusuka kuleli zwekazi. Kodwa ngemuva kokuwina nje, uvele wavula eziningi izinkinga. Ezilwa ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka, Spain idale oda eziningana Chivalry, futhi uElisha okuningi okungaphezu kwanoma yikuphi okukhona izwe laseYurophu. Ababusi le Habsburg lwamakhosi wayazi ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lokho kuyoholela ukuvukela nomphakathi. Ingozi embi kunazo zonke, ngokombono wabo, amadodana abangenamihlaba Encane Knights - Hidalgo.

Okokuqala, ukuqondisa ukoma kwabo ukuphila okungcono endaweni efanele kuHulumeni, impi yenkolo eMpumalanga iqala. Nokho, Saracens babe ukumelana abanolaka, ukuphoqa Crusaders ashona. amakoloni Spanish e-Afrika zisezincane futhi cishe abalethanga inzuzo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba ziphoqa okusezingeni eliphezulu izimpahla ezahlukene kusukela e-Indiya. Esikhathini buka we yezwekazi laseYurophu kwakungeyona kuphela empumalanga kodwa futhi eningizimu. Ngakho, ukuze uthole indlela emfushane eya njalo ofakelwe bomkhankaso.

okutholakele ezindawo

I koloni lokuqala Spain eleza ngemva uChristopher Columbus wathola INguqulo Yezwe Elisha - Melika. Ngo Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1492 kwafika imikhumbi emithathu ngaphansi ifulege Spanish. amagobolondo zabo endaweni yomcebo bamazwe amaningana aseYurophu. Ngo phakathi ikwindla yonyaka efanayo Columbus wafika eBahamas. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine, wathulula le eliyisiqhingi laseHaiti. Befuna abaseSpain igolide ngezinye izikhathi bahamba osebeni bese wathutha ujule ehlathini. Endleleni yabo bahlangana ukumelana ezizweni ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala. Nokho, izinga impucuko yabo abasasilele emuva Europe emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Ngakho-ke conquistadors, abagqoke steel zempi, akukho nobunzima ukunqoba abomdabu.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili olunye uhambo ngomkhumbi, kakade ehlanganisa iqembu polutoratysyachny nomphako. Bona okwaxoxwa bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli ogwini Ningizimu Melika. iziqhingi okusha Kwatholakala. Ngemva kwalesi sivumelwano sasayinwa phakathi ePortugal naseSpain, owawuthi emazweni amasha zazihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo phakathi imibuso emibili.

i-Ningizimu Melika

Ekuqaleni, abantu abaningi baseSpain eqala ukuhlola ukwenza ugu olusentshonalanga ye Melika. Nansi indawo yeBrazil yesimanje, eChile, Peru nakwamanye amazwe. Amazwe kwamiswa amanye amasha oda Spanish. Administration esezinzile nemizana ezinkulu. Khona-ke, amasosha ahlomile bathunyelwa anqobe amazwe amasha. Kwabe sekufika abasuka eYurophu. Bendawo, ikakhulukazi Bolivia, intela.

AbaseSpain Iningi nesithakazelo izimpahla kwamanye amazwe. Igolide, isiliva nezinye izinongo ehlukahlukene. Uma ufika igolide kwakungenakwenzeka njalo, conquistadors lesiliva ngokuchichimayo. imikhumbi Laden ufika njalo ngenyanga e-port. Inani elikhulu of ukungena kwaholela nokushabalala ekugcineni kwalo mbuso. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali waqala, okwaholela ubumpofu. Lesi sakamuva eyaqanjwa olwathatha eziningana.

i-Nyakatfo Melika

Spain zezwe koloni kwadingeka ubukhosi abanye. Bafaka ukuze Valladolid at amalungelo sikahulumeni. Amazwe matasa isungule ulimi lweSpanishi namasiko. Ngo ikoloni izinkinga Rio de La Plata alethwe amaNdiya endawo. Bona ababecashe ehlathini futhi ngezinye izikhathi atheleka. Ngakho-ke, uHulumeni okuphambene-umbuso kwadingeka ukuba athole amasosha kusukela amakoloni emazweni angomakhelwane ukulwa abashokobezi, okwathi ngalé, kakhudlwana futhi kuphangwa nasezinxushunxushwini ihlelwe.

Sekungamashumi eminyaka INcwadi Yonyaka ezine bamakoloni Spanish ephethwe ukuvula amakoloni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili endaweni ye-Nguqulo Yezwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bahlanganisa ku Viceroyalty emikhulu. It Itholakala enyakatho wekoloni ngobukhulu - okusha Spain, okuyinto wavulwa uHernán Cortés - a oyinganekwane, okuyinto ivame ukuhlotshaniswa edolobheni wasenganekwaneni El Dorado.

Ukuze ukungenela asebenzayo of Great Britain conquistadors owamisa yonke ogwini amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, ikoloni Spanish. Uhla lamazwe yesimanje ayengama amakoloni Spain:

• EMexico.
• Cuba.
• Honduras.
• Ecuador.
• Peru.
• EChile.
• Colombia.
• Bolivia.
• Guatemala.
• Nicaragua.
• Ingxenye Brazil, e-Argentina nase-USA.

isakhiwo yokuqondisa

Amazwe le zamazwe ayengaphansi Spain kule ndawo - kuba-United States (uthi Wik) neMexico. Ngokungafani amakoloni phezu nezwekazi eliseningizimu, lapho conquistadors wahlangana empucukweni ephambili ngaphezulu. Kwasukasukela wahlala phezu kwalelizwe Simakade Aztec futhi Mayans. Bashiya izwe ifa elikhulu yezakhiwo. amayunithi Expeditionary Cortez wahlangana ukumelana ehleliwe kakhulu ikoloni. Ngenxa yalokho, iSpanishi isinyathelo ezinesihluku kakhulu ilungu lalolo hlanga. Ngenxa yalokho, izinombolo zayo unqabile ngokushesha.

Ngemva kokudala conquistadors entsha Spanish iyiswe West futhi wasungula Louisiana, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Florida. Ingxenye ezweni yayingaphansi kokulawula nedolobha elikhulu kuze yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Kodwa ngenxa empini e-United States, baye balahlekelwa yikho konke. Mexico bavikela inkululeko yabo iminyaka embalwa ngaphambili.

Ama-oda we ezifundeni ezinabantu

Amandla e amakoloni ukuthi bagxila ezandleni viceroy. Yena, ifakwa umuntu le nkosi Spanish. Viceroyalty lahlukaniswa laba ezindaweni eziningana (uma ngokwanele ezinkulu). esifundeni ngasinye kwadingeka ekuphathweni ayo futhi besifunda-bhishobhi isonto. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bakuleli koloni yangaphambili Spain kuze kube manje LamaRoma Katolika. Enye legatsha kahulumeni ayehla ezempi. Ngokuvamile umgogodla ikampu babe Knights Amasosha, okwathi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile wabuyela Europe.

'Hwebani eziphakeme Iphini imibuso singafika endaweni eqhelelene nedolobha elikhulu kuphela. Lawa kwakungamadodana netikhulu zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye Knights ocebile. Inzalo abaseSpain ozalwa eMelika, ngokomthetho, abakhwelwe isingaba namalungelo afanayo abamele muzi. Nokho, umkhuba avame behlukunyezwa futhi ukuthatha isiphi isikhundla esiphakeme Bangawuthola cha.

UBUHLOBO PHAKATHI UMPHAKATHI

Abantu bendawo babengabantu abameleli abavela ezizweni ezihlukahlukene Indian. Ekuqaleni, avame ngaphansi ukubulala kanye yingcugco. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuphathwa wamakoloni yanquma ukushintsha salo sengqondo sokungafuni maqondana aboMdabu. Kunalokho abantu bephanga izinto, kwanqunywa ukuba axhaphaze umphakathi wamaNdiya. Ngokusemthethweni, izigqila kwakufanele yini. Nokho, abanye abangu ngaphansi ukuhlukunyezwa futhi kakhulu intela. Futhi uma abazange uzikhokhele, ziba abakweleta Crown, ukuthi akuyona ezahlukene kakhulu ebugqilini.

Amakoloni Spain yabusa futhi izinkambiso zakulelo zwe umama. Kulesi nekushayisana ke akabange esayibangela. Abantu bendawo uzimisele kakhulu ukufunda kusuka emasikweni baseYurophu. Esikhathini esifushane yesikhathi abomdabu ilimi. Nokwenziwa nakho kwaba nengxenye ekusindeni ukufika Knights of owodwa Hidalgo. Baqale bahlala Viceroyalty futhi baganiselana abesifazane baseNdiya. Kuyini ikoloni of Spain, is ukubonile arcade isibonelo Louisiana. Ngemva Iphini umbuso amashumi eminyaka kwakheka ubuhlobo izinduna phakathi bendawo kanye nokuphatha.

Ukulahleka amakoloni

Inkinga eYurophu yayina kakhulu ekhulwini weshumi nesishiyagalombili. Spain wahamba wayokulwa France. Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali nombango ziye zaholela ekuweni kwalo mbuso. Sasizakala ngaphonswa waqala ukuqhuba izimpi wenkululeko. Kanti kwezinye izimo, amandla ukushayela kwaba bendawo, futhi inzalo ka bamakoloni wangaphambili, abaningi babo yayihlanganiswa. Izazi-mlando eziningi baye bangabaza ukuthi Spain yayiyikoloni yayo amaphini imibuso. Lokho kalowo kuya inzuzo esuka nazo emazweni akude. Cishe. Futhi maduze nje wazama ukulondoloza usithonye emazweni American kumnyama kubomvu. Eqinisweni, ngemva bo rejection Spain ngokwalo cishe ngiyaquleka.