Izingane Boyar (amadodana Knights). Russian State Army

Ikhona kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu XIV ukuze izinguquko kaPetru izingane boyars 'babe omunye amakilasi ayisihluthulelo umphakathi Russian isikhathi sakhe. Ndawonye nabakhulu, bayizithunywa core ibutho kazwelonke kanye ekwesekweni uhulumeni kuleli zwe.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala

Inkulumo ethi "izingane Knights" namanje kwenzeka emibhalweni yaminyaka eziphathelene ekhulwini XIII, lapho eRussia lezwakala wahlukana futhi sincike Golden zidlamlilo. Nokho, ukuthi indlela amagama abekwe ngayo sengathi kuncane kakhulu abafana ne umqondo classic zalesi simo nomphakathi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, abantwana bakwa-Knights ukubizwa ngokuthi abahlanganyeli e Battle of Kulikov Dmitry Donskoy ohlangothini.

Leligama liyatholakala nasemiBhalweni omunye izinkontileka Grand Prince of eMoscow Vasily II, sangomhla ngonyaka 1433. Kuleli phephandaba, iziphathimandla waqinisekisa ilungelo lezingane boyars 'ukukhonza ngamakhosi abo amakhosi asendulo, ngisho noma izigodi zabo azenqaba empini. Lokho, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi laba bantu isevisi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XV lalingakaze izindlu khulula. Babekwazi ukushiya uJehova ngaphandle kokwesaba kushushiswa zomthetho.

Isidingo ibutho elisha

Kodwa izikhathi sezishintshile, futhi ngemva kwabo, futhi ezinganeni ngokwazo Knights. Ngekhulu xv emazweni Russia ekugcineni uba munye azungeze eMoscow. Izikhulu edolobheni wayefuna ukuba abe autocrat yangempela. They belesela ababuthakathaka uhlelo izinduna zokuguga, esiye saholela kwehlukana kanye ubuthakathaka yezwe. Ukuze ekugcineni ayiyeke le oda, baba balahle yamakhosi encane amakhosi asendulo futhi uthole usekelo emandleni abo.

Uma kuqala yafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa zezombusazwe zobuqili ezikhulayo amandla kwezomnotho, wesibili kudingeka isigaba esisha kwezenhlalo. nabameleli bayo futhi babe Knights izingane. Ukukhuluma nabo amarekhodi yaqala ukubonakala kakhudlwana futhi kaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1445 ibutho Russian, eyayihlanganisa yezihloko isikhulu eMoscow, waya empini amaqhawe Lithuanian. squad ngamunye Knights babe abantu 100. Omunye kumiswa enjalo eliholwa Voivod, okuyinto esimisiwe ngokuqondile kokwesikhulu.

Ukuvela Knights

Zikhona amaphuzu amaningana umbono ngomsuka lesi sigaba ezibalulekile ezempi kanye nomphakathi. Imfundiso yokuqala acabange ngalo mbuzo wazama nesazi sefilosofi kwekhulu XVIII, Prince Michael Shcherbatov. Waphayona umqondo wokuthi izingane boyars '- babevela boyars ovelele. Omunye umbono iye ahlinzekwa okungenani mlando esidumile Sergeem Solovevym. Wayekholelwa ukuthi abantwana bakwa-Knights babe umphumela isixha olulodwa ngaphambi retinue isikhulu salukazi luhlukaniswe amadodana langempela boyars, futhi Khulula futhi abendlu izinceku.

Ekugcineni, umbono wesithathu elikushoyo kumiswa Knights interlayer ngenxa yokubola imiphakathi lwedolobha ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIV. Land okuqondene nabo, sekudlule ezandleni yangasese. Enye inqubo ezathonya ukuvela amabutho Russian core bekulokhu zokuthuthukisa kwababusi empi yesifundazwe ngezithukuthuku abantu ekhotho Prince sika. Ekuqaleni, abanikazi babengenawo abaninimhlaba ezincane kuphela. Kodwa kakade ekhulwini xv, baqala uthenge ngezimali buthaka umphakathi ezisemadolobheni umhlaba. Isifundo pedigrees ka kulendawo kwabonisa ukuthi phakathi kwabo bobabili inzalo ka imindeni ezihloniphekayo, kanye nabantu abavela nezinye izingxenye labantu, ezifana onobhala.

amabutho lawela

Lapho izikhulu kanye Knights laba yingxenye ebalulekile entsha Russian isimo impi, ebuthweni kwakukhona ukuphikisana phakathi zezifundazwe wafika evela eMoscow. amaqembu Kwakheka asekhaya ukukhonza abantu. Kwakumelwe Novgorod, Ukraine futhi Knights laseSiberia izingane. Laba bantu Ngakhulela emaphethelweni edolobha lase-isimo Russian. Ziyakwazi imvelaphi yabo akakwazanga ukungena eMoscow. ESiberia, isigaba kwamiswa ngezithukuthuku Cossacks wendawo. Futhi phakathi izingane boyars 'kuchasiselwe amabutho servicemen AmaTatar, Isi-Chuvash, Mordovians, iMari, nokunye. D. Kwathi emva iRussia ohlanganiswe iVolga yakhe.

A ukwanda okuphawulekayo enanini izindlu ezintsha kwaba engxenyeni kwekhulu xv yesibili, phakathi nokubusa Ivan III. Prince ngenkuthalo esabalalisa izigodi namazwe ukukhonza abantu ababeza kuye kusukela amanye amakhosi (nabathile bezikhulu zakwa-Lithuania, nokunye. D.). Ezicukuthwaneni, Knights nabakhulu kwakungasehlane laseBeti izinyathelo ezahlukene isitebhisi uhulumeni.

Izinguquko ku-internet Ivana Groznogo

Ekhulwini XVI, kwakheka izingane the classic ekilasini boyars ', ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amabili ayinhloko - egcekeni (kusukela Izicukuthwane ophakeme) namaphoyisa (yesifundazwe). Tsar Ivan Grozny ekuqaleni nokubusa kwakhe wahlanganyela kwekuhlela kabusha eziningi isimo. Khona-ke sabona izinguquko kanye Knights izingane. 16 Ekhulwini yiyona leminyaka, lapho okuthiwa zhiletskie amakhulu.

Lezi amayunithi ukumela okuwumkhakha omusha wenkonzo abantu yempi yenkosi. Amakhulukhulu yakhiwa bhá futhi onekhono kakhulu izingane boyars. Iziphathimandla akhethiwe ngokuhle kunakho konke kwawo ezifundazweni futhi wabanika izigodi ezifundeni eduze eMoscow. Amasosha ezintsha njengoba Knights abavamile kwadingeka ukuba izingane ebusosheni emazweni lakubo lendabuko.

lapho Romanovs

Isikhathi Nezinkinga kanye nokungakwazi kwalolu isimo ukuvikela amabutho lawela ophoqelelwe Mikhail Romanov ukubonakalisa izinguquko ibutho. Eyokuqala inkosi entsha lwamakhosi yefilakisi ezingqubuzana Poland. Esikhathini 1630s Knights yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo esimisweni esisha regiments. Babephinde babizwe ngokuthi amazwe, ngoba kulapho lapho kutholakala khona, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umeme abantu bezinye izizwe.

Phakathi neMpi Smolensk ngokumelene Poland Knights babekhona nabo phakathi abalobi - abakhwele amahhashi regiments, adalwe imodeli Western. Loku bekufaka ekhatsi kumiswa servitors abangenamihlaba. Reitarska oda ahlukene sidaliwe ukuphatha ngisho. Ngo 1682, amabutho Knights kwekuhlela kabusha zokugcina ngayohlinzwa. Amakhulu indawo yizinkampani zabantu 60 ngamunye, kanye nezinkampani 6 inani Amashalofu steel. Ukuguqulwa kuholele ukuqedwa localism - isimiso ukusatshalaliswa isimo okuthunyelwe lempi ngokuhambisana degree of ukuhlonipheka imvelaphi.

Ifa izingane boyars mali 'isinyamalele ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII ngesikhathi kwekuhlela kabusha sikaPeter Omkhulu. Umbusi wayengenandaba asekelayo amabutho sakudala. He qamba ibutho elisha, ukuhlela ngendlela yaseYurophu. Wabuye izinga lokubaluleka yezikhulu. Kuyinto leli qembu boyars ahlukile izingane kugwinywe.