Ezemfundo Old Russian isimo

Abanye abacwaningi bathi, ukwakheka isimo Russian lasendulo kwaba umphumela ngokuhlanganisa izizwe Eastern Slavic. Nokho, kwakukhona izingxabano phakathi mlando eziningi kwi ukwakheka amandla. Lokhu kungenxa umsuka eminyakeni engaba ngu-200 edlule, okubizwa ngokuthi "Norman theory".

Imibhalo konyaka 862 lasendulo ubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi ubizo izikhulu Varangian nge evelele phezu kwabo Rurik emazweni Slavic. Lesi sidingo ngokwengxenye Kuvezwe ngenxa ekwandeni yemibango yangaphakathi. Izakhamuzi eScandinavia (Prince-amaViking) abizwa ngokuthi kwezinye imithombo "abantu enyakatho" - the Normans.

Izingxoxo mayelana yaba umsebenzi wokuphila kwabo kwaqala ekhulwini le-18 ngemva kokumiswa Academy of Sciences kanye nekuhlelwa kabusha kaPetru 1. Ngaleso sikhathi, wamenywa ukuba ayokhonza e-St Petersburg Academy of Schletzer, Miller Bayer baba abasunguli ezizathwini mayelana nendlela imfundo Old isimo Russian. "Norman theory" asikisela ukuthi isimo waletha Scandinavians. Ngakho, amandla is hhayi ezakhiwe lwamaSlav, nezikhulu, amaViking. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala ukusakaza, kanye nezinye, "antinormannskoe nokucabanga." abasunguli balo, Lomonosov futhi Trediakovskii wagomela ngokuthi ukwakheka isimo Russian lasendulo kuyinto wesikweletu lwamaSlav.

Ngo elithile noma ngenye indlela, iningi mlando ekhulwini le-19 babe abasekela kokuqagela mayelana ukwakheka amandla amaViking. Nokho, isayensi komlando 20 Norman theory ekhulwini ngaphansi ukugxeka sina. Ngenxa yalokho, namuhla iningi ososayensi nabacwaningi yomlando musa ukuphika ithonya ezinye Normans e ukwakheka wekuba sive isiRashiya, kodwa kube sezingeni leli thonya ayilona ihaba.

Ngo izizwe Eastern Slavic, abaholi okuthiwa i-Prince. Lozalo zamakhosi nezikhulu isimo kwenziwe yi amaViking Prince Rurik sika.

Ngemva kokufa Rurik, iSikhulu Novgorod, amaViking wafika Dnieper. Umbusi wokuqala wangempela Russia lasendulo yayingesinye Oleg. Mayelana nokugcina imininingwane yayo iyiqiniso. Oleg waqala lokuhlanganisa emazweni sezizwe zakwa Slavic. Ngo 882, wathumba Kyïv, wabulala ebusa lapho Askold futhi Dir. Ukwenza edolobheni enhlokodolobha, Oleg embize "unina amadolobha Russian." Ngakho, kwakungekho kumiswa Old isimo Russian Kievan Rus.

Phakathi nokubusa Oleg ngabhekana izimpi obuhle eByzantium anamandla, kabili wahamba nokuhamba eConstantinople. Ngenxa yalokhu umsebenzi kule minyaka 907 kanye 911 Russia ongene izivumelwano ezikahle ukuthula.

Old Russian isimo kumiswa aqhubeka emva emva Oleg ilandelwa Igor. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, wayeyindodana ka Rurik. Phakathi nokubusa Igor baqhubeka ukufakwa Kievan Rus ezahlukene zokwakheka zamaKhosi. Ngakho, yena waba nesandla lokuzalwa zasemizaneni Russian enhlonhlweni ye Taman, incriminating unqotshwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Igor kakhulu ngenkuthalo Waqhubeka nenqubo angaphandle Oleg. Ngemva imikhankaso yalwa eByzantium igunyaza kuyo 944 isivumelwano letihlomulisa. Omunye wabantu bokuqala Prince Igor ishayisane Turkish Folk iqembu - Pechenegs.

Umbusi wokuqala emlandweni ezaziwayo, kwaba Olga, umfelokazi Prince Igor. Princess ephethwe ukubambelela amandla, hhayi kuphela phezu Kiev, kodwa futhi phezu kwawo wonke Rus. Phakathi nokubusa Olga babe ngokuqinile ngokomthetho owumthelela izibopho.

Old Russian isimo imfundo waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekubuseni Yaroslav (1019-1054). Lo mbusi ngokuthi "the Hlakaniphile". UJaroslav united amandla abo cishe kuwo wonke amazwe Russian lasendulo. Prince wathatha "Russian Iqiniso" ikhodi kuqala zomthetho. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo umbuso safinyelela ukuphakama kwamandla ayo.