Kuyini Reconquista? Reconquista: Izimbangela Nemiphumela

Kuyini Reconquista? Le nkulumo ibhekisela kumuntu reconquest eside yobuKristu ezindaweni ku yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, athumba Muslim amaMoor. Igama elithi "Reconquista" silula, igama elithi ngokwayo lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu Spanish njengoba reconquest.

Reconquista: Izimbangela

Reconquista waqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuwina izintaba zasePyrenees Arab izizwe (ngekhulu lokuqala uhhafu 8), nokuhamba nge ntshashintshe okuphumelela. ukuxabana izinduna sokucasuka mithi yobuKristu impi nomunye futhi akhonze ngaphansi kwabo, kanye ukungena imifelandawonye yesikhashana sinabanqobi Islamic.

Phakathi Zenkolo, impi ngokumelene Muslim amaMoor kwaba lifana umzabalazo wonke kobuKristu jikelele. Order of Knights (Knights Templar njll ..) Ingabe okudalwe ukulwa amaMoor, futhi Zopapa ngokuthi Knights of Europe ukulwa ukuze kukhululwe yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia.

Ukuqala Reconquista

Ngemva kokunqotshwa amaMoor iningi izintaba zasePyrenees, iningi Visigoth aristocrats wakhetha ukusala e emazweni ayenqotshiwe. Njengoba umbusi isibonelo amadodana Wittiza. Bamukela kusukela iziphathimandla Arab impahla siqu evundile Visigoth umqhele. Nokho, uNkulunkulu othembekile yebutho yamaVisigoth, ingxenye enkulu ebukhosini futhi abefundisi, akavumelananga ukuhlala endaweni ehlasela, zinhlanga e Asturias. Zafika lapho, zatholana kamuva isungulwe ngaphansi umbuso eponymous. Summer 718 th enamandla Visigoth Pelayo (cishe welungu yangaphambili King Roderiha), ngubani ethunjiwe emzini Cordoba, wabuyela Asturias futhi wakhethwa nenkosi yokuqala yakwa-wokuchitha lo Mbuso owawusanda wadala. Ukhetho senzeka ngesikhathi Igalofu Wagon. Emva kokuthola izindaba wemihlangano kwi Golf Wagon owayeyinxusa Munusa wathumela lo myalezo ku-Emir of Andalusia.

Nokho, kuphela 722 e Asturias efika lamabutho eliholwa Alcamo. Nge ingajezisa futhi kwaba umbhishobhi waseSeville OPP. Yena bekumele avuse Paley kubonakale Alcamo, ezihambayo Lukus Asturum. Kusukela kule ndawo ama-Arabhu bagqekeza esigodini Covadonga, efuna amaKristu. Kodwa esigodini Alcamo phiko unyendle abehlula. umholi iyona eyabulawa.

Lapho izindaba ngokufa safinyelela Alcamo lamabutho Munusy namaBerber umbusi, washiya umuzi wase-gijon neqembu lakhe wathutha maqondana Pelayo. Le mpi kwenzeka eduze nedolobhana Olalla. amabutho Munusy eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele, futhi wabulawa yena. Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana lokho Reconquista, iziphi izizathu, akunakwenzeka ukuba akhulume lo mcimbi, ngokuba liyisihlalo kwaba ukuqala kwalo.

Ezemfundo Pyrenean uthi

Ngemva isiqalo ngempumelelo Reconquista Asturias ekuqaleni kwekhulu 10th. Elulele kwemingcele yayo futhi waba uMbuso León. Ngalo lelo khulu leminyaka, ke wayehlukile nezinye State - Kingdom of Castile. Ngemva kwesikhashana kwangena. Ngesikhathi VIII-IX eminyaka kufika ithuba lika-imikhankaso yimpumelelo franc kwamsiza kwakha enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-izintaba zasePyrenees, sha Spanish nekomkhulu lalo emzini Barcelona. Ekhulwini IX. Wama out of Navarre, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana - ezweni Aragon futhi Catalonia. Ngo 1137-m, bahlanganiswe eMbusweni wase-Aragon. Entshonalanga izintaba zasePyrenees sidalwe County isiPutukezi, kamuva owaba futhi umbuso.

Isimo sezombusazwe ekuqa- XII-XIII eminyaka

Ngalesi sikhathi ama-amandla abangamaKristu bakwazi ukunqoba Arabhu ingxenye enkulu izintaba zasePyrenees. yokunqoba kwabo sompristi, okwakubekelwa ngaphezulu athuthukile ngokuya kwezomnotho, kungenziwa ngokwengxenye achaza ngu yokuthi-United Arab ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11 yaphenduka kulimale okungenani ezilwayo izifundazwe (Emirates). Kodwa kwakungenjalo isizathu esiyinhloko impumelelo. Yizwe lamaKristu e izintaba zasePyrenees elisebenzayo futhi abaxabene, futhi uthathelwe uhlangothi lwakhe amaMoor. Nokho, amaKristu kwakumelwe athishela kakhulu futhi enamandla ngokuya ezempi.

Isimo samaKristu ngaphansi kokubusa Arab

Ukuze ama-Arabhu, labantu lobuKristu liye abe yisisulu ukuxhashazwa isigelekeqe esinonya. Losers bahlale isikhundla semi izigqila. Ngisho uzoguqulelwa Islam futhi yamukeleke amasiko Arab maKristu kubhekwa abantu bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Kokuqala ukubekezelelana amaMoor yanyamalala unomphela. Kancane kancane kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo oshisekayo ngokweqile. Lokhu kuye kwaholela yokuvukela abaningi abangamaKristu libukelwa phansi amabutho sompristi.

Izizathu ekuphumeleleni kwalo Reconquista

Kuyini Reconquista? Lo mbuzo manje waphendula ngokugcwele. Isitha ezivamile futhi umcindezeli lamaKristu bamkhulumela. Ngakho-ke Reconquista wathatha uhlamvu ezinhlangano zomzabalazo wenkululeko, naphezu wezempi ikoloni izinhlelo zamakhosi yobuKristu futhi ubutha phakathi Aragon futhi Castile, kanye izinduna nomunye. Ngomzuzu wokugcina, amaKristu bamkhulumela. Ngo abantukazana sasisekhona isifiso yayo ukunqoba le mpi. On ezindaweni yanqoba ababengase bakuthole, hhayi umhlaba kuphela, kodwa futhi ukukhululeka izinduna olotshwe phansi zamalungelo kanye nemigomo (fueros). Ngakho-ke, amaKristu waphikisana ngokumelene amaMoor iyonke. Futhi iSpanishi, e yokukhululwa izintaba zasePyrenees amaMoor iqhaza Knights European (ikakhulukazi Italian futhi French). Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "Kuyini Reconquista," impendulo kungaba: i international Christian Liberation Movement. Pope washo izikhathi eziningi umkhankaso wenkululeko "nge isiphambano".

Ukuqhubeka Reconquista

Esikhathini 1085-m baseSpain bahlasela eToledo. Lokhu kunqoba kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo buthaka empini internecine Arabhu wacela usizo kusukela Berbers Afrika. Kuhlanganiswe amabutho namaMoor baphumelela ukuhlula abaseSpain, ngaleso sikhathi kwawukhinyabeza Reconquista. Ngokushesha (phakathi nekhulu XII) ukufaka esikhundleni i-Afrika esenyakatho Berbers beza nezinye abahlaseli - Moroccan Almohads. Nokho, abakwamukelanga hlanganani Emirates izintaba zasePyrenees. Buza noma yaseSpain lokho Reconquista? Incazelo leli gama futhi uyazi abancane nabadala. Kuwumshikashika kwabacindezelwe ngokumelene yabacindezeli, ukholo, omunye malungana nomunye - ababusi impi namasiko.

Ukunqoba kwe-Reconquista

Ngo 1212-m amabutho angumfelandawonye Navarre, Aragon, Castile ne Portugal wahlasela amaMoor ngaso Las Navas de Tolosa. Ngemva kwalokhu ukunqotshwa, ama-Arabhu zehlulekile ukuze alulame. Ngo 1236-m Castilians wathatha Cordova, e 1248-m - Seville. Aragon ngilinqobile Balearic Islands. Castilla nekazuzelwa Cádiz e 1262-m out-Atlantic Ocean. I Valencia 1238-m wawa. By kwekhulunyaka XIV. AmaMoor wawuhlutha kuphela Emirate laseGranada - sifundazwe ocebile eningizimu izintaba zasePyrenees. Kule nsimu Arabhu wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1492

isiphetho

Ngenhla Kwabikwa ukuthi Reconquista. Ngokwalokho okuvezwa umlando, reconquest yamazwe ubephelezelwa kokuwalungisa kulowo owinile futhi ikoloni. I Reconquista esadlala ababalulekile izakhamuzi kanye Knights encane. Nokho, izinzuzo eyinhloko empini Uthole noMbusi wababusi esikhulu amakhosi asendulo. Baye wadala ku emazweni yayinqoba ubunikazi ezinkulu.