Battle of the Peninsula Kerch: uhlelo imisebenzi kanye izigaba

Battle of the Peninsula Kerch wayengomunye walaba okuhlaselayo enkulu iRed Army ngesikhathi besanda kuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ubethula labetibambile ezinzima. Ngenxa yokwehluleka ukusebenza abavezwe izinkinga Army amaSoviet nasemakamu Navy, okwenza bakwazi ukugwema amaphutha esikhathini esizayo. Kuze Allied lihlala laseNormandy Battle yeNhlonhlo Kerch wayengomunye walabo ambitious kunazo.

prehistory

ECrimea umsebenzi waqala ngo-1941. Ngu kwentwasahlobo, le Wehrmacht ethumba cishe nayo yonke insimu Ukraine SSR. Ngemva falling Kiev wayethemba okuhlaselayo kwanyamalala. Njengoba kule "imbiza" kwaba ingxenye enkulu wamabutho efanele yonke phambi. Yaqala sokuba siphumele endaweni empumalanga. Ngo-September, amaJalimane kwase kusondela eCrimea. Ukubaluleka enhlonhlweni kahle kuqondwe zombili izinhlangothi. Okokuqala, inikeza ukulawula ingxenye enkulu yoLwandle Olumnyama. Ikakhulukazi ngenxa Turkey ziyaguquguquka. Yikuphi, nakuba asekelwe yi-Third Reich, kodwa impi awufakanga.

Peninsula futhi kwadingeka isisekelo esihle emoyeni. Kwaba naye flying ekuhlaseleni Soviet, okuyinto Kwasetshenziswa emoyeni ekahle phezu imithombo kawoyela Romanian. Ngakho-ke, ngo-September 26 Wehrmacht waqhubeka ecasula ku-Isthmus. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga kamuva, inhlonhlo ye-elathunjwa cishe ngokuphelele. amabutho aseSoviet isuke Taman. Kwakukhona kuphela Sevastopol, ukuzivikela kabani nobuqhawe usaqhubeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Battle of the Peninsula Kerch wazalwa ngo Stavka.

ukuqeqeshwa

Ngenxa yalokho okwesula eCrimea, indawo kuphela kwaba ukumelana Sevastopol. City labetibambile ukuzivikela nobuqhawe, naphezu ukuvaleka ngokuphelele kwalo mhlaba, futhi kuphela supply ngokwengxenye olwandle. AmaJalimane wathatha iziphepho ezimbalwa, kodwa zonke zizibuyisela. Ngakho-ke, induna Army Iqembu Manstein wanquma wavimbezela. Ukuze azungeze a agglomeration omkhulu wathatha cishe lonke ibutho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Kerch isikebhe bavikela kuphela division omunye Wehrmacht.

Battle of the Peninsula Kerch akhiwa Jikelele Kozlov. Ukuze Ukuqaphela yayo kwamaqembu amabili ababehilelekile. Kungakapheli namasonto amabili, eliholwa uJenene Kozlov athuthukile kungenzeka kokwehla endleleni. Ngenxa yokushoda izinqolobane kusukela emngceleni Iranian yonke impi likhishwa. Impi yeNhlonhlo Kerch yakhethwa ukuphela ngo-December 26. Loluhlelo lufaka igalelo ngesikhathi esisodwa Feodosia futhi Strait. amabutho aseSoviet kwadingeka ukushayela amaJalimane edolobheni, bese azungeze lonke iqembu isitha. Umyalo kulindeleke ukuthi le mpi iyonqotshwa, kusukela amabutho main isiJalimane bagxila eduze Sevastopol. Ngesikhathi Kerch efanayo ligcwale kuphela khona isikaniso samabutho elincane amaJalimane kanye wamabutho ambalwa Romanian. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi e-Abasebenzi wayazi compounds Romanian akusazinzile kakhulu yahlasela futhi awukwazi niqhube ukuzivikela eside.

Uma uphumelele, Red Army kungaba okudiliza isitha behlukanisa endaweni kule nhlonhlo. Lokhu kuzakwenza pass ngaphandle kwezithikamezo ingxenye entsha ogwini nge Taman. Ngemva kwalokho, amasosha wamaSoviet wawungakwazi ngokushesha ukuthutha entshonalanga hit ezingemuva amabutho aseJalimane, avimbezela Sevastopol. Njengoba isisu Kozlov, ngemva ukuvulwa kabusha umuzi kungaba ukuqala okuhlaselayo emikhulu eCrimea.

isiteleka kuqala

Battle of the Peninsula Kerch e 1941-1942 waqala omabini anamithandathu ka-December. "Ukusekela" igalelo kuqala washaywa. Akazange nje kucekela phansi amabutho amaningi esitha, kodwa likhohlwe yakhe kusukela umgomo oyinhloko - Feodosiya. Njengoba sisekelwa Sea Fleet, amabutho aseSoviet wasondela ngasese ogwini. Ngemva ithala wezikhali waqala kokufika. Landing senzeka ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Beach akumfanele mooring imikhumbi izikebhe. Futhi, amaJalimane wayeqale shelling ezizayo. Ngakho-ke, amasosha bagxumela emanzini ngokushesha nje ukujula yanele ukuba ahambe. Lokho obumakhaza kaDisemba suku iRed Army babe entanyeni-ezijulile emanzini abanda njengeqhwa abanga izinkinga. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakukhona enkulu kwezempilo ukulahlekelwa ngenxa hypothermia. Kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa le lokushisa lehla nakakhulu, futhi Strait eba yiqhwa. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni esele ibutho 51-th u ethuthuka yonkana ice kakade.

Battle of the Peninsula Kerch 1941-1942 esiqondisweni eyinhloko amabili nesishiyagalolunye inombolo. Ngokungafani kokwehla Kerch, Feodosia kokufika senzeka ngqo ethekwini. Amasosha lawela phezu ogwini futhi ngokushesha bagijimela impi. Ngo nje ngosuku lokuqala Ngakwazi umhlaba abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-40 zombili izinkomba. ikhanda edolobheni German kwaba abantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ukumelana yabo wakwazi ukucindezela ekupheleni kosuku. Ngemva kokufika Feodosia phezu amaNazi ezisengozini encirclement ephelele. Ngo Kerch phesheya labetibambile kuphela division omunye German futhi Romanian entabeni isiqondiso.

ukubaleka

Ngezinye GHQ cishe ngokushesha ezwa imiphumela kwaletha Battle yeNhlonhlo Kerch. Amabutho amaqembu kule Kerch babe ukungalingani. amabutho aseSoviet babe izikhathi eziningana ephakeme ukwedlula German ngesibalo. Ngakho-ke, Jikelele von Sponeck uye banquma ukuba baqale ukuhoxa uma uya entshonalanga. Oda waqala ukudlala khona manjalo. AmaNazi zinhlanga ukugwema ngokujoyina kwamabutho amabili ukufika. Nokho, induna phambi YaseCrimea Manstein wamenqabela ukwenza noma iyiphi ukubaleka. Wayenovalo lokuthi uma ukuhoxiswa amabutho aseSoviet uzokwazi ijahe amabutho aseJalimane kanye Romanian bababhubhise.

Yileso uhlelo, kanye nobuholi obuphethe Soviet. Ukunqotshwa kwe-Kerch isikaniso eyayiyoholela ukushoda amabutho aseJalimane. endleleni eya Sevastopol Lalivulwe iRed Army. Nokho, amasosha awazange kuthuthukiswe ngokushesha. Esikhundleni intuthuko esheshayo entshonalanga, ibutho amane nane ngalapho ka Kerch ukuhlangabeza impi amahlanu-kuqala. Ukwephuza avunyelwe amaJalimane ukuzuza isizinda kuleli umugqa omusha zokuzivikela eduze Sivash. Kwakukhona izinqolobane wadonsa futhi izikhali esindayo. E Berlin, ngokushesha baqala ukusabela ngokushesha nje ezwa ukuthi waqala Battle yeNhlonhlo Kerch. Isigaba 1 avunyelwe amabutho aseSoviet ukuba bathole ukusizakala ogwini. Nokho, ingxenye olunzima owayezokuza.

isikhundla nzima

Ngemva kokunqotshwa amaJalimane e Feodosia futhi Kerch iRed Army amayunithi babe eligwadulekile kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko izimo ezedlulele zokuphathwa ukufika. amanzi Ice, ongaphakeme lokushisa umthelela nezinye isimo esibi impilo yamadoda. On bridgehead kwakungelona esibhedlela esisodwa. Ngakho-ke, amasosha alimele wayencika ukwelashwa zosizo lokuqala. Babe sebephuthunyiswa Kerch futhi ukusuka lapho, bawela ulwandle beya ezwekazini. Zalimaza abazange bahlale bakwazi ukunqoba ibanga elide kangaka.

Futhi, kwakungenakwenzeka ukusungula isikebhe ngenxa ukuhlaselwa njalo ngo izindiza German. izimali ukuzivikela azikhululwanga ngesikhathi. Ngakho, eqinisweni indiza awahlangabezananga iyiphi ukumelana. Ngenxa yalokho, le zithinteke kakhulu yempi eziningi.

Battle of the Peninsula Kerch: esiteji 2nd

Esingaphansi kwesonto iRed Army labuye layithatha lonke ugu. Ukumelana wamaFascist ukuthi ukuyiveza ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ku-Romanian Ngokwengxenye, Wehrmacht langena ilungu yabo kwabasebenzi sezikhonzi German. Ummeli buye baqina eduze Sivash reserve elihamba ibutho. Isiqondiso eyinhloko igalelo kuya amabutho aseSoviet kwaba ujantshi, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola i-Army-11 Wehrmacht. Ikhumbula ubuthakathaka kwezinhloko zamaviyo amaNazi, Bet umkhuzi abakhulu wayala kuhlasela ngokushesha, eWest. Ngokuya ngalolu hlelo, Kozlov kwadingeka ukuya ezingemuva amaJalimane avimbezela Sevastopol futhi uzihlule. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakuhlelwe ukuba uqale omunye okuhlaselayo emikhulu futhi ukuba adedele zonke eCrimea. Nokho, ngokuvamile mathintanyawo lide kakhulu. Wayekholelwa ukuthi namanje awunazo izinsiza baphonse. Battle zibonakala ziphumelela we Kerch Peninsula amabutho aseSoviet alethwe bajabha. AmaNazi counterattacked.

Ngenyanga elandelayo, amashumi amane nambili ilungiselela entsha emikhulu okuhlaselayo. Ukuze sisekele liye itshalwe izindlu ezengeziwe Sudak. Ngu zolwandle ice weza izinhlamvu umthamo wemvula. Nokho, omunye ojenene best of the Third Reich beat Kozlov. Maphakathi noJanuwari, ngokungazelelwe amaNazi umkhankaso wokuhlasela yabo. Igalelo main yawa phezu kwezinsizwa kabi ebiyelweyo front line eslphambanweni kwamaqembu amabili. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu, amaJalimane wafika izikhundla koqobo. Ekupheleni kuka-January nesishiyagalombili wawa uTheodosius. Okusanda etshalwe Sudak Troopers waba ukumelana yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Ukuze cishe amasonto amabili lo iRed Army alwa heroically futhi cishe ngaso amandla egcwele baye badela ukuphila kwabo empini. imikhumbi yezimpahla izimpahla kwabhujiswa. Ngemva ukulahlekelwa embobeni eyodwa ye amabutho aseSoviet bawele kuphela Kerch phezu eqhweni.

Lungiselela okunye ukuhlasela

Ngemva lo myalo wadala ngendlela ehlukile phambi YaseCrimea. Siqukethe osuvele eNhlonhlweni ibutho kanye nokuxhumana entsha. Emngceleni Iranian zisusiwe amasosha Army amane nesikhombisa. Umyalo ukuwela imali enkulu imishini. Of Amathenda ithunyelwe kukakhomishana ekhethekile. Yaqala Amalungiselelo okuhlaselayo. It kwakuhlelwe ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Inhloso kwakuwukuba isitha amandla e Sevastopol, eqinisweni, Battle of the Peninsula Kerch lwenzelwe ukulichitha futhi. Crimean Front kwaqina wezikhali regiments tanks esindayo ngesikhathi inyanga yonke.

waqala Twenty Februwari lwesikhombisa okuhlaselayo. Iplani kwakungukuthi ukuba agxilise igalelo lomcoka Kerch. Nokho, izinhlelo bekakhandelwa izimo zezulu. Uma kuncibilika iqhwa waqala, wathela yemvula. Udaka, ukungcola uvinjelwe okuhlaselayo imishini esindayo. Kwabonakala izimoto ezinkulu zamasosha, esindayo ikakhulukazi, musa ukuhambisana njengesosha elihamba phansi. Ngenxa yalokho, amaJalimane bakwazi ukumelana ekuhlaseleni iRed Army. eyodwa kuphela wemboni bengaphambili wakwazi ukuphulukundlela sivikele. Hhayi ukumelana naleli gagasi yebutho Romanian. Noma kunjalo, amabutho aseSoviet yahluleka ukuhlakulela impumelelo kokuqala. Manstein wayazi okusongelayo ukuphula ukukhululwa kwe iRed Army in the flank yebutho lakhe. Ngakho wathumela zigcine zokugcina ukubamba emgqeni, futhi wanika imiphumela. baqhubeka ngezihluthu kuze wesithathu Mashi. Kodwa sina ngibheke phambili futhi ngakhe kuhlulekile.

Battle emabuthweni Kerch Peninsula YaseCrimea phambi yaqhubeka maphakathi no-March. Eight elihamba ukuhlukana, kusekelwa brigades ezimbili ithangi, lasungula okuhlaselayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo we Sevastopol ovinjezelwe wamshaya Maritime Army. Kodwa ikhefu ayiphumelelanga kubo yabo. AmaJalimane sizindle ukuhlaselwa ngelanga eziyishumi. Kodwa ukuzivikela amaNazi akazange ukuphatha babe nempumelelo. compounds ziye zibe nempumelelo ethile, kodwa abakwazanga ukubamba isikhundla. Ngemva kwalokho, ngaphambili uhlaliseke njalo ukushuba lokulwa yehlile.

okuhlaselayo German

Ekupheleni kuka-March amabutho aseSoviet elahlekile eyikhulu neshumi ayizinkulungwane abantu kusukela waqala Battle yeNhlonhlo Kerch. Isigaba sesithathu owaqala ngokuvukela kuhlasela German. Ngahlela ngokucophelela futhi eside. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphambili protrusion kwakhiwa kuhlasela akuphumelelanga iRed Army (okuthiwa arc) endaweni lapho division Romanian ngafa olwembiza. Amabutho eyinhloko ibutho laseSoviet ukuthi bagxila lapha. Nakuba eningizimu ukuzivikela wathatha izigaba zezizwe ezintathu kuphela.

Manstein banquma ukulisebenzisa iqhinga, baligalela ngaseningizimu. Kuze kube yimanje, ukusekelwa abalulekile bathunyelwa eCrimea. Panzer Division, eyakhiwa izimoto eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili, bafika emaphethelweni Sevastopol. AmaJalimane olwenziwa kophenyo olunzulu futhi wathola ubuthaka ukuvikela amabutho aseSoviet. Ukuze asekele okuhlaselayo lohleliwe, amaNazi akha wayehlose ukusebenzisa indiza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phezu oda siqu Hitler, inhlonhlo eme ithunyelwe ku Air Corps. Futhi, kufika le ndiza baseRomania. Nokho, abashayeli bezindiza izimoto babe kuphela amaJalimane.

amabutho aseSoviet lungaba seduze kakhulu ngaphambili. Lokhu kufanele sikhumbule kofakazi abaningi lezo zenzakalo. Ngokwezazi-mlando, kwaba umyalo nokuwubuwula Mehlis Kozlov futhi lokhu kwaholela inhlekelele okwalandela. Kunokuba afulathele ekwahlukaneni ezingemuva uma befika khona bayiswa shelling out indawo, bahlale enophephela phambili.

ukunqotshwa ebulalayo

I okuhlaselayo waqala ngosuku lwesikhombisa May. ukuhlaselwa Land kwandulelwe aviapodgotovka. Luftwaffe wawashaya kusengaphambili reconnoitered okuhloswe. Ngenxa yalokho, amabutho aseSoviet wona balahlekelwa ezindaweni eziningi. endlunkulu omunye wamabutho libhujisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, umyalo wadlulela uColonel Kotov.

Ngakusasa kwaqala elihamba okuhlaselayo. Njengoba sisekelwa amathangi esindayo amaJalimane wafohla phambi ku amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa ukujula. Umthelela ezesabisa kuhlulekile ukubonakalisa kule ndawo. Futhi emva amabutho iRed Army ifike. izinombolo yakhe ayemancane, kodwa ukugasela ukusuka olwandle okubangelwa ukwesaba okwakubhalwe phakathi kwababusi amasosha aseSoviet. Ngu-May, Manstein lesishiyagalolunye wangena impi eyodwa ngaphezulu esigabeni sakhe. AmaJalimane wakwazi ekugcineni wafohla phambi uluhlukanise cishe lonke iqembu eningizimu. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ama-Wehrmacht ezaqala ukwenzeka ngo-ngasenyakatho, kugadle ngesikhathi flank zamabutho esele okuvela kuyo le phambi YaseCrimea.

Cabangela isimo esiyinhlekelele, ngobusuku okweshumi kwe-May kukhona ingxoxo okuyimfihlo phakathi Stalin futhi Kozlov. Kwanqunywa ukuba ukuhoxisa ukuba umugqa omusha yokuzivikela. Kodwa washiya ngemuva German emoyeni kuhlasela ibutho abaholi okuhlaselayo bahluleka. Lisho entsha washaywa e isiqondiso Cimmerian shaft, eye unikwa indima umugqa omusha yokuzivikela. Battle of the Kerch Peninsula amabutho aseSoviet kuhlulekile. Itshalwe nge emoyeni lokushaya German basizwa ukuba ekugcineni wafohla ukuzivikela. I nane Meyi waqala kuhlengwe iRed Army owawuvela eCrimea. Ekupheleni kosuku, amaJalimane ahlasela Kerch. Garrison edolobheni walwa waze waba aphume izinhlamvu, okwathi ngemva kwalokho abavikeli komuzi wangena inkwali.

Battle of the Peninsula Kerch: Imiphumela

Landing e Kerch ekuqaleni kwaletha impumelelo. onqenqemeni entsha sesakhiwe, kungenzeka omunye ukuhlaselwa emikhulu yokuqala. Nokho, umyalo nokuwubuwula kwezinhloko zamaviyo kuye kwaholela edabukisayo. Ngo nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ngezihluthu, amaJalimane wakwazi ubambe isikhundla hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuba zokumelana. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Wehrmacht lashaya isiteleka osendaweni ezicatshangwe, okwaholela ukunqotshwa, okwaphela Battle yeNhlonhlo Kerch. Kafushane impi ezichazwe Diaries ka Kozlov futhi Manstein.

Yize ukusebenza, kwaba kuzalwa kakade okuhlaselayo enqobile enhlonhlweni ku-wesine amane.

Eyesibili kuhlasela

ngemva kokunqotshwa kabuhlungu ephasini eminyakeni ema ababili ifike amabutho amasha kule Kerch port. 1944 kwaba unyaka wenkululeko eCrimea. Lapho ihlela ukuba kube kuhlaselwa umyalo nhlonhlo ukuba bacabangele zonke imininingwane operation wokuqala. Azov imikhumbi eyingoduso ukuletha amabutho. Troopers kwadingeka isizinda ukuze uthole okunye emikhulu okuhlaselayo.

a okuhlaselayo emikhulu yayilungiselela ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke etshaya kusuka tinkhombandlela ezimbili. I amabili wesibili ka-January abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu iRed Army waqala umkhumbi bese uya Kerch. Ukumboza ukusebenza kuhlelwe, wezikhali lamaSoviet laqala amabhomu omkhulu ogwini. Umlilo enkulu iye okubangelwa hhayi endaweni lokubikezela disorient isitha. Futhi, izikebhe ezimbalwa ezenziwe belingisa ukufika.

Eduzane ebusuku amabili wesibili ka-January ukwenza cababa ethekwini Kerch. 1944 th kusekude njengoba obumakhaza njengempendulo 42 imizuzu, ngakho asemanzini akazange incur ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kusukela hypothermia. Ngokushesha ngemva lokufikela paratroopers bagijimela impi futhi inchubekelembili lenkhulu. It elathunjwa ingxenye enkulu yedolobha. Nokho, lapho kufika phesheya ibutho akakwazanga ukuphula ngokusebenzisa izivikelo German. Ngakho-ke, paratroopers kwadingeka uyeke bebodwa. Phakathi lokulwa, omunye Battalion wakwazi uthwebule amasosha aseJalimane 170. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, incurring ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, amasosha waphula imvelo futhi axhunyiwe amayunithi phambili. Empeleni, liye okuphindaphindiwe Battle yeNhlonhlo Kerch e 1941-1942, kuphela yimpumelelo kakhulu.