Kumila Tver. Lapho mlando uyofika ukuvumelana?

Tver base - lokhu ingenye izikhathi impikiswano kakhulu emlandweni Russian. Mlando Iningi sithambekele ngo-yenkathi eyodwa zomlando (ekupheleni ekuqaleni XII- kwekhulu XIII), kodwa iphuzu umcwaningi ngamunye siqu umbono.

Isikhulu ekusungulweni usuku Tver

Ngalinye idolobha lula ekugubheni omunye esenzeka esemthethweni ekusungulweni usuku. Unyaka lokuzalwa lomuzi Tver wahlonishwa 1135 ngokusemthethweni. Encwadini umsebenzi wokubhala ka Vsevolod Mstislavovitch "wesandla" usho lokuqala ngakho sihlehlela emuva Tver sikhathi. Yimaphi amaphuzu engabazekayo? Okokuqala, akukho lapho kukhulunywa esiqondile endaweni Tver komuzi, ngoba sikhuluma imali izintela owanikhipha "Tver isivakashi." Kulokhu, kungaba kwenziwe, mhlawumbe hhayi emzini ngomqondo truest izwi, futhi cishe isiphetho, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi siguqulelwa emzini Tver.

Okwesibili, "umbhalo wesandla" ayibhekiseli inani zomlando isayensi indaba imithombo. Lo msebenzi njengomuntu temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba abavamile, ezibhalwe ngolimi lasendulo. Akukhona ejwayelekile njengoba kukhona uqhekeko yezindaba zemihla ngemihla idatha umbhalo, eyibhalela okufakwe. Ngu zonke izinkomba, "umbhalo wesandla" ingeyona isigaba yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, ukuze sithembele ngokuphelele kulo mthombo akudingekile.

Ingabe Tver kudluliswa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye?

Ngekhulu lesithathu yokuqala yekhulu XX kwakukhona enye inguqulo echaza ngesisekelo Tver. Iqiniso lokuthi mlando wavuma: mhlawumbe samanje indawo yedolobha dislocation - akuyona eyokuqala kanti eyesibili. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu inguqulo yokuqala, kodwa likhona. Njengoba ososayensi ukuchaza imibono yabo? Cishe endaweni efanayo kwemifula emibili - Tvertsa futhi Tmaka. Lezi imivubukulo ekuqaleni ukuthi Kwakuseshwa leyo minyaka, okusikisela ukuthi kuqala (Tver) lalisenyakatho confluence Tvertsa emfuleni omkhulu Russian iVolga. Kusolakala engxenyeni yesibili we Tver XIII ekhulwini wathuthela Cape, eyasungulwa ngesikhathi confluence eVolga emfuleni Tmaka. Inguqulo Yiqiniso, ezithakazelisayo, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi ngokoqobo bayo, abese kulelo cala kubalulekile ukukhuluma mayelana ukunyamalala edolobheni futhi ukuvela esinye of the gama elifanayo. Ngawo-1930 zahlaselwa kaningi olwenziwa abavubukuli, okwaphumela kule nguqulo usexoshiwe ngokuphelele njengoba untenable.

1181 - unyaka Tver isizinda

Siye wagcizelela kaningi ukuthi izincwadi zomlando imithombo, kukhona izinguqulo eziningana mayelana nokubonakala emzini Tver. Ake sibheke esinye sazo. Isazi-mlando Russian owaziwa V N. Tatischev e "Umlando" wakhe esikisela ukuba kumila Tver senzeka ngo 1181. Wathola indaba imithombo yokwaziswa ukuthi lona unyaka ibutho Prince Vsevolod III enqoba edolobheni Torzhok. Yahamba ngoba ukuqhela edolobheni, isikhulu isiyala amadoda ayo ukwakha okuqinile. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Russian izindlela "inqaba" lasendulo. Ngokusekelwe okuqinile futhi Tver amagama sifanangwaca, idolobha isisekelo 1181 sivume real. Ngokusho kwezinye izazi-mlando, abenza izifundo ezithile owokugcina Tver esifundeni, ukwakhiwa langempela ayizange iqale ngo-1181, futhi ngo-1182. By endleleni, uma sikhuluma sifanangwaca lwamagama, akubona bonke abacwaningi uyavuma ukuthi igama elithi "Tver" livela egameni "okuqinile".

Amadokhumenti wokuqala ekhulumela Tver

Kususelwa base ubufakazi, ubuqiniso balezo akunakungatshazwa, Tver base kufanele ubheke ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII. Ngokwesibonelo, kufanele sinake amaphepha avela 1208 - inkontileka phakathi kokwesikhulu Vladislav III kanye nezakhamuzi zedolobha of Novgorod. Prince abacindezelwe kakhulu abantu bakule ndawo. amadoda wakhe inkunzi abantu Novgorod, uchinyali zonke izithiyo, lokuqoqa intela enkulu.

Novgorod Izakhamuzi wanxusa ukuvikela Prince yabo owaziwa Mstislav isusiwe. Umbusi emzini Svyatoslav, indodana Vsevolod, wabekwa kokuboshwa, amasosha Novgorod kokuthunyelwa ukuvikela ilungelo umuzi wabo. Futhi-ke waphuma ukuyomhlangabeza ibutho Vsevolod, kodwa impi wona awuzange labetibambile ngoba womabili amaqembu kwakukhona abantu ezinengqondo. dweba thula vumelwane sasayinwa ngesikhathi amabutho umhlangano eduze Tver. By endleleni, hhayi kuphela kule umthombo ke kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi usuku Tver base - icishe ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII. Esikhathini Tver ezibiyele phakathi ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-1983 futhi ngo-1985, kwatholakala imibhalo yesandla birchbark, ezibhaliwe cishe eminyakeni 1200-1220.