I ongumlimi ngubani lokhu? Yini ehlukanisa State kusuka serf ongumlimi

Umlimi - ke ingenye abameleli eyinhloko amakilasi sabantu Russian eRussia ephakathi, ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko ukulimela. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi eside e-Russia, iningi Izakhamuzi lezi zisebenzi ezikhuthele zinesimo, le nkathi emlandweni wezwe lakithi abe nesithakazelo esikhethekile. Kumiswa abantukazana ewela ekhulwini weshumi nane-wetshumi lanhlanu. Kakade kokugqilazwa mass kwathengiswa ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha-nesikhombisa. Umlimi -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umuntu ongenazo civil kanye namalungelo kwezomnotho.

Kuyini isigaba serf labantu

Kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nanye, liqale ukubusa kwenkathi ka serfdom. Ubani kusekelwe serf Umninindawo wasebenza kakhulu inkosi, bese yena. Ukuba kulesi sikhundla, ngoba yikuphi ukwephula umlimi, ezihlobene kwesisekelo, wayengababhubhisa kufanelekile ziyobhekana ukuze kuhlawuliswa ngekushaywa. Beka aphethe ayivunyelwe ezingutsheni ezithathwe zaba yisibambiso, udayise noma sidalule, ngoba kwakungamalungiselelo impahla zomninindawo. Maphakathi nekhulu le-nesikhombisa, serfdom kwaba kakade mayelana kwesigamu sabantu. Kuyinto umsebenzi wabo ngenkathi kudalwa isisekelo ukuqhubeka isimo.

abalimi isimo

Ukuhlala nezakreposchennoe labantu wahlanganyela ezolimo, engxenyeni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili yesibili ehlelekileko abalimi isimo. Bahlala emazweni zomphakathi nengangizenza imisebenzi esivuna iziphathimandla, kanye nokukhokhwa kwezintela endaweni yomcebo. Umlimi State kanjalo kubhekwe mathupha khulula.

Ngenxa kwezincwadi izigodi isonto uhulumeni isibalo sezikhungo abalimi isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labo agcwaliswa ngenxa ukundiza serfs nasemizaneni, kanye nezivakashi ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokungafani isimo serfs

Kukholakala ukuthi abalimi umqhele Sweden wakhonza njengesibonelo ekutholweni kwamalungelo zomthetho abalimi isimo. Okokuqala ababenakho inkululeko yomuntu siqu. Ngokungafani serfs, abalimi isimo bavunyelwa ukuba bahlanganyele kokulingwa. Banikezwa ilungelo ungene ukuthengiselana kanye lokuba nendawo. Umlimi State - a "izakhamuzi zasemakhaya khulula 'ezazikwazi ahlele kokubili ukuhweba iimfesi futhi wholesale, kanye ukuvula embonini noma isitshalo. izakhamizi Serfs lelo lungelo kwadingeka njengoba inkululeko yabo siqu is ngokuphelele okungewakho zomninindawo. Umlimi State - lena ilungu yesikhashana Holdings uhulumeni. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, zikhona izimo ukuthengiselana yabo njengoba umnikazi womhlaba.

Ngenxa yezinkinga nezingcindezi ka serfdom

Abantu abangafundile babebhekwa awanelisekile nge ukungalingani emphakathini. ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile ngokuhlala kulendawo sokucasuka izibhelu futhi wavukela. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke ongumlimi kuvukela kwaba sekupheleni kwempi, bathatha ngodlí i-ubuholi UStepan Razin, okwaqala ngo-1670 iminyaka 1671. Loud naye waba kwavukelwa ongumlimi eholwa EI Pugachev, okwaqala ngo-1773 kuze kube 1775.

Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili neziphathimandla Russian ukucabanga ngenkinga bokuba khona serfdom. isimo Legal kanye zezimali akazange ivumelane, futhi isigaba eziningi kakhulu zaleli zwe.

1861 kwaba juqu: u-Alexander II bafeza ezinguqukweni kwezomhlaba, okwaphumela serfdom sahoxiswa, futhi abantu abangaphezu kuka-ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amabili baye bagcina beyitholile inkululeko yabo. Nokho, sokukhululwa ngokugcwele iye etholwe emva kweminyaka emibili, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho abalimi bebophekile okwesikhashana wayekwenza izinsizwa.