UVladimir Propp - temdzabu Russian. Izimpande zomlando inganekwane. Russian yeqhawe nobuqhawe

UVladimir Propp - isazi sesayensi esidumile, umcwaningi Russian Folk yezinganekwane. Uye ebhaliwe umsebenzi eziyingqayizivele kolimi. Izazi Modern ambheka njengomfundisi wawo umsunguli inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela umbhalo.

abazali philologist

UVladimir Propp - bomdabu Petersburg, wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 1895. Igama lakhe langempela - German Voldemar. Uyise wayengumGreki ongumlimi elichumayo kusukela iVolga esifundeni, ongowokuzalwa e Volgograd esifundeni. Ngu ukuqeqeshwa wayengumuntu sezilimi, uchwepheshe izincwadi Russian nesiJalimane. Wathweswa iziqu University of Petrograd.

uyise Propp wafundisa abafundi German ulimi Petersburg amanyuvesi. Lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, wathatha ngqo ingxenye kuwo, esebenza njengomdwebi ngokuhleleka futhi umfowabo isihe.

Esakhula

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, umkhaya wathuthela ukuphila okwesikhashana epulazini. Nokho, uVladimir Propp sivakashela abazali izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela. Ngo-1919, kwashona ubaba wakhe ngemuva kokugula isikhathi eside. UVladimir wafika komngcwabo, wasala okwesikhashana ukusebenza ezweni endaweni eqhelile. Engafumani ukuthi angamngenisa yena emshikashikeni ongumlimi, wathatha umsebenzi wokuba uthisha e-emzaneni Bare Karamysh elalisethenteni ibanga amakhilomitha 70 kusukela epulazini. Manje umuzi Krasnoarmeysk ku Saratov esifundeni. Kodwa maduze nje, uVladimir Propp kodwa babuyela Leningrad.

Ngo-1929, umndeni ka Propp sika abaxosha. Zonke impahla, umnikazi main zazo ngesikhathi engunina - Anna Fridrihovna ukuze ultimatum wamnikela ku Stalin ipulazi ngokuhlanganyela.

yomsebenzi wokufundisa

Ngo-1932, Propp iza ukusebenza e-University of Leningrad, eminyakeni 5 waba womfundisi, futhi ngo-1938 uprofesa. Isebenza ngalesi sikhathi uMnyango Romance futhi zamaJalimane kolimi, temdzabu Russian nezincwadi. Kusukela ngo-1963 kuya ku-1964 wasebenza ehhovisi we iBamba iNhloko yoMnyango. Futhi, cishe iminyaka emithathu ayefundisa uMnyango Umlando, ezinkulumo zakhe zaba impumelelo eMnyangweni Ethnography futhi Anthropology.

I morphology inganekwane

Ngo kolimi Russian wangena njengoba umlobi we umsebenzi wokubhala Vladimir Propp. "I morphology inganekwane" esanyatheliswa ngo-1928. Kuyo umbhali uhlola ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo se-imisebenzi magic. Lena, mhlawumbe, lolu cwaningo ethandwa iningi temdzabu Russian ekhulwini XX. Encwadini yakhe ethi, Propp ibeka indaba ezingxenyeni ingxenye, kodwa uhlola isimo sengqondo ngamunye wabo komunye nomunye. Ukutadisha temdzabu, uthi kukhona inganekwane constants kanye eziguquguqukayo, ubheke umsebenzi lokuqala, sibangela labadlala indzima lebalulekile, kanye nendlela lapho ziyasetshenziswa.

Lokho uzama ukusho emsebenzini wakhe uVladimir Propp? "I morphology inganekwane" usibeka amalungiselelo embalwa eyinhloko. Okokuqala, yezingxenye eyisisekelo izici njalo akhiwa. Bakhonza imisebenzi abadlali. Okwesibili, inani imisebenzi tale esokuba elinganiselwe. Okwesithathu, zozela zonke, kukhule ukulandelana efanayo. Nokho, ukuba khona njalo enjalo ikhona kuphela imisebenzi abantu futhi izingcezu wesimanje ke akufanele. Okwesine, inganekwane kukhona yohlobo olufanayo e oyiyo. K eziguquguqukayo uVladimir Yakovlevich Propp uyalandisa zenani zezindlela imisebenzi ziyafezeka. Kanye ngokolimi isitayela uhlamvu izimfanelo.

Imisebenzi ka inganekwane

UVladimir Yakovlevich Propp ibonisa ukuthi umsebenzi inganekwane ekugcineni akha kuqamba, intonga lonke uhlobo. Ziyahlukahluka kuye kuphela imininingwane ngesakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokho yomzamo ezinkulukazi Propp ikhomba imisebenzi 31. Bonke bangabangasokile ekhona Russian Folk tale. Iningi lazo zitholakala ngababili, isibonelo, ukuvinjelwa njalo kuqhathaniswa ukwephulwa layo, ukulwa - win, futhi ngemva kushushiswa Kuphoqelekile kuyinto yokuphunyuka bajabule.

Futhi kuvinjelwe inani lezinhlamvu of Russian inganekwane. Bahlale bekulungele mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 7. Lezi Propp uyazicabangela umlingisi losemcoka, inkathazo (antipode yayo), umthumeli, lokuthi, umsizi umlingisi losemcoka, okweqanda futhi iqhawe zamanga. Uma sicabanga ngakho konke lezi zici, ekugcineni sithola ucezu zakudala ukuthi unegama - Russian inganekwane. Propp ephikelela ukuthi wonke izinguqulo inganekwane.

inganekwane

Ngo-1946, e-ukushicilela indlu Leningrad eshicilelwe kwenye incwadi Propp - ". Roots zomlando ka inganekwane" Kuyo, elaborates ku umbono eyenziwe ethnographer French ngasekupheleni XIX-ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX Emilem Nurri. Ngokusho Folk wakhe yezinganekwane ezivame ukuphathwa kwegama isakramente, okuyinto ngaphansi umlingisi losemcoka, ngamanye amazwi yokuvula isikweleti. Uhlamvu efanayo futhi isakhiwo iningi Russian Folk yezinganekwane.

Futhi, behlola "izimpande zomlando inganekwane, Propp uyazicabangela nezindaba izimfanelo value, ubuka imisebenzi ebhekisela tikhungo tetenhlalo yesikhathi esidlule, kuyinto rethinking imikhosi eminingi. Temdzabu Russian uthi umsebenzi oyinhloko iwukuba ukunquma iziphi imicikilisho ezichazwe tale - esigabeni oluthile ekukhuleni komphakathi, noma kungukuthi exhumene isikhathi zomlando ezithile.

izibonelo initiations

Isibonelo zakudala, okuholela Propp - Ukuqalwa totemic. Kwakumelwe ezingafinyeleleki ngokuphelele abesifazane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesiRashiya inganekwane Ukuqalwa enjalo senzeka nge Baba-yaga, uyathakatha ubudala, omunye abalingiswa abasemqoka engakhi temdzabu. Ngakho, uhlamvu kuyavumelana umbono ka nesisekelo umkhuba wokukhulekela Russian inganekwane. Baba yaga kuleli cala uba nikela iqhawe.

Propp ephetha ngokuthi inganekwane ungenalo nezikhathi zomlando noma amasiko ikakhulukazi. Izitayela kanye nowe e temdzabu njalo nqwamana u hlanganise nomunye. Lokhu kusindisa kuphela amaphethini zakudala yokuziphatha engase khona kwezinkathi zomlando eziningi.

Ubufakazi bokuthi tale uvela emasikweni adluliselwa ngomlomo ukuthi zize zidlulele ngomlomo kanye rites yokuqalisa, ukuthi izisusa nemisebenzi izinhlamvu ezifanayo isiko ohluke ngokuphelele abantu, izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngokuvamile sebehlala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ubufakazi Propp ikhombe idatha ethnography. Lokhu isayensi, naye ngokuqondile. Kubonisa indlela emasikweni adluliselwa ngomlomo, eyadluliselwa isuka ubaba endodaneni, yagcina ukuma e tale kahle ajwayelekile. Ngakho, esekelwe lezi imibono, ufika esiphethweni mayelana ubunye umsuka zonke izindaba ezimnandi Fairy yazo zonke izizwe zomhlaba. Isibonelo esimangalisayo le ndlela yokucabanga kukhona nje Russian Folk inganekwane.

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile ukuba uqonde okushiwo Propp e kolimi Russian - ". Russian imikhosi wezolimo" Kulesi wokulandisa umbhali ihlola iningi Slavic amaholide, wamasiko nezinkolelo, uyeza esiphethweni sokuthi cishe bonke of them babe uhlamvu wezolimo.

amaqhawe nobuqhawe

Ngo-1955, Propp ukhiphe wokulandisa onesihloko esithi "Russian yeqhawe nobuqhawe." Lena ucwaningo kakhulu kanye original, okuyinto Nokho, ayisanyatheliswa isikhathi eside ngemva 1958. A ezahlukene umsebenzi umfundi ibisitholakala kuphela kowezi-2000. Lona omunye wemisebenzi enkulu ngokuya umlobi. Futhi a baxgeki uthi akusiyo kuphela yesayensi, kodwa futhi ukahle. Kwaba nezokusigcoba ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke uhlala namuhla.

"Yeqhawe nobuqhawe Russian" - ukuqhathanisa izici oludumile nangenkathi ezahlukene, ukuhlaziya eningiliziwe epics. Ngenxa yalokho, umlobi kuziwa esiphethweni sokuthi kulezi imisebenzi - umzabalazo izimiso ezingokomoya zabantu. Isici esiphawulekayo imisebenzi yeqhawe - umoya wabo yokushisekela izwe futhi ukujula izisusa zemfundo.

Ababhali abantu imali imisebenzi yeqhawe yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu - nokuziphatha, abantu yeqhawe. Lokhu kuveza ngqo nonembeza umphakathi lapho edalwa. Propp ungibelesela ngokuthi ngesisekelo epics kazwelonke akuzona angaphandle, kodwa kuphela izindaba zasekhaya nama-legends.

Esinye isici esibalulekile saleso Epos - izinkondlo zakhe. Ngenxa-ke, futhi umkhiqizo isithakazelo abalaleli lizwakale futhi abafundi kunoma yiliphi izinga lemfundo. Ngomqondo obanzi, amaqhawe esizwe - iyingxenye ebalulekile yomlando walo. Epics bamele imizwa engaphakathi abantu, isifiso abo ukuba baphile ngokukhululeka, ngokuzimela nangenjabulo.

Propp wokulandisa ivumela eduze bajwayelane imisebenzi yeqhawe, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Zonke izikhathi engaqondakali zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe.

imisebenzi Okukhulu

Ngaphezu okungenhla, phakathi imisebenzi emikhulu etemibhalo Vladimira Proppa, abacwaningi ukuhlonza wokulandisa "Russian Fairy Tale", esanyatheliswa kuphela ngo-1984, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka nengxenye ngemva kokufa kombhali.

Futhi uzinake iwumsebenzi 'Temdzabu Namaqiniso "esanyatheliswa kumagazini i-" Isayensi "ngo-1989, eyakhishwa e-1999th ku Moscow ukushicilela indlu" Labyrinth. " Ngaphezu kwalokho, it wadedelwa hlobo "Izinkinga abamahlaya uhleko. Uhleko Siko ku temdzabu." Lo msebenzi inikeza ukuhlaziywa ezinemininingwane loluphelele zamaqhawe Nesmeyanov nge incazelo ezingalindelekile etemibhalo.

Ekupheleni ukuphila

Propp uVladimir Yakovlevich (1895-1970) - ovelele usosayensi-philologist, PhD, ngubani phakathi nokuphila kwakhe babenegunya ukwenza futhi namanje kubhekwa umcwaningi ngobukhulu futhi onegunya kakhulu Russian inganekwane. Imisebenzi yakhe, futhi zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele kukhona emayunivesithi, abahlaziyi bemibhalo uzithatha njengesisekelo ngokudala olwakho ucwaningo nezindaba eziphathelene nezifundo. UVladimir Propp ukuphila kwakhe konke eLeningrad. Washona ngo Petersburg eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-75 Agasti ubudala 22, 1970. Esehambile abafundi abaningi nabalandeli, okuyinto wayesabalulekile basigcina impumelelo yakhe. Phakathi kwabo: Cherednikova, Shakhnovich futhi Becker.