Filipp Orlik kanye noMthethosisekelo yayo

Filipp Orlik (Philip Orlik -. Ukr) Uhambile phansi emlandweni njengoba omunye osopolitiki ezinethonya kunazo eYurophu esempumalanga. igama lakhe lihlotshaniswa ukubukeka kokudingiselwa lokuqala zezombusazwe - ngemva kokunqotshwa abaseSweden at Poltava e 1709 abasekeli Ivan Mazepa zathathwa emzini Bendery, esasimenyezelwe le "uhulumeni ekudingisweni" entsha. Ngemva kokufa Mazepa abathutha ephethwe filipp Orlik.

i-curriculum vitae

Kwafika sezombusazwe esizayo emndenini owaziwayo Orlikov, uye eside ebhekwa ngezindlela isimo ngokuqinile zezombusazwe embusweni Czech. Ngemva izimpi yamaHussite, roller esindayo ukushayela ngokusebenzisa eMpumalanga Yurophu ngawo-ngekhulu le-14, igatsha ubusosha ka kwezicebi bathutha esezinzile Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, bese - ku Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Ngo ne. CAST iseduze Vilnius, owazalwa filipp Orlik. Usuku Lokuzalwa - 11 Okthoba 1672 - kubonisa inkathi sasivumela sesiyaluyalu emlandweni empumalanga yeYurophu: i Cossacks bavikela imingcele yezwe futhi zibonisa ehlasela nabasePoland nase-Turks. Ngemva konyaka lokuzalwa kukayise lendodana yakhe wabulawa janissaries inkemba empini Khotin. wohlanga olukhulu Czech Baron kwaba enkolweni yamaKatolika, kodwa Unina kaPhilip, u-Irina, wazalwa Orthodox. Njengoba kuvamisile, uFiliphu wathatha inkolo kamama futhi waqala ukuqhuba Lobu-Orthodox. Akumangazi ukuthi ngokushesha kwelinye emayunivesithi adumile esikhathini esiningi abafundi zenkolo ohlwini, igama elisha - filipp Orlik. Photo lesikhungo wakhe futhi zingatholakala ku emithonjeni ehlukahlukene.

intsha

Esikhathini Kiev-Mohyla Academy, ikhono Philip abasha wavula at zizinhle. Inkuthalo yayo, ukuphikelela, ithalente kanye nekhono ukuqhuba izingxoxo babeyigugu ayazise semfundiso yenkolo owaziwa eyiqaphuqaphu Stefan Yavorsky. Ngemva sokuqeqesha filipp Orlik ungaphakathi Kiev futhi ingenye yezindawo ne Kyïv Metropolis. Wabe ihlangabezana indodakazi uPawulu Gertsyk, Colonel of Poltava, futhi 698 washada othandekayo wakhe, ukuze aqinise isikhundla yayo phakathi ubudala Cossack.

Izinyathelo zokuqala kwezombusazwe

isizinda Good, imfundo enhle nobuntu esesizile Orlik abasha ukwenza umsebenzi ezikhexisayo. Wayengase babe isifuba ka Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Ivan Stepanovich kwaba izibulo isiphambano Orlik. Ngesikhashana nje filipp Orlik yaba enye yezindawo abantu abacebile iningi Ukraine - anakho epulazini futhi edolobhaneni Poltava futhi Chernihiv esifundeni. A isikhundla umphathiswa I. S. Mazepy avunyelwe F. Orlik ukuqaphela zonke izinqumo mlando. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho nezingxoxo ezinde umngane wakhe namadlelandawonye utshelwa I. S. Mazepu embonweni kokusebenzisa ubutha yaseSweden Russian Empire, ngenhloso ukuqeda bobabili bese udala isimo Ukraine.

Battle of Poltava futhi indima Ivan Mazepa

Babalelwa ku-Ivan Mazepa basekela ingxenye Cossack namaphoyisa, akafunanga aqaphele ubukhulu le autocrat Russian. Isifiso aphule sivumelwano ekhulwini ubudala kwaqina ukuphazamiseka luhlaza lokho futhi ezidlayo Russia imperial ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe Ukraine. Futhi Cossacks, abefundisi kanye burgesses ababengawujabuleli isimo esikhona manje futhi ufuna ukushintsha ube umuntu ongcono. Kuyinto imali yabo ndawonye nokuthuthukisa amaplani kumiswa wekuba sive Ukraine. Elisekelwa eSweden, Abasekeli Mazepa sika bazama ukwenza geqe, okungase kuthathe isikhundla abavelele filipp Orlik. Biography umsekeli sithembekile kwakubonakala a plus elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-Orlyk njengoba Hetman Ukraine. amahle ziqinisekiswa ukuguga of Mazepa, futhi kwacaca ukuthi ally kweqiniso futhi umsekeli Hetman wokuzibusa Ukraine kufanele ukuthatha indawo yayo efanele entsha, geqe.

hetman

Umlando kanye uchungechunge izingozi akavunyelwe uhlelo of Mazepa. Ngemva kokunqotshwa e Battle of Poltava Karl XII nabasekeli bakhe baya emzini baseMoldova ka Bender. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi ngemva kokufa Ivan Stepanovich kwaba hetman filipp Orlik. Hetman Ukraine wonkana, futhi waqaphela, uyiNkosi ka-Sweden, kanye sultan Turkish. Lo mkhosi kwaba nomhlangano ngokuvumelana Cossack lakudala, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nokuqokwa Hetman yinkosi ngakwesokudla-yasebhange Ukraine. Ngasempumalanga umholi Dnieper Cossack kwaba Ivan Skoropadsky.

Ukwamukelwa umthethosisekelo

Kodwa senzakalo esingokomlando main kwaba ukwamukelwa somthethosisekelo lalotshwa kuqala yomhlaba 1710. Ukuba waqoqa yonke amasiko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamalungelo Cossack, ikhumbula emasikweni isakhiwo sepolitiki yesimanje European, Ukraine bamukela umthethosisekelo, umlobi wayo kwaba filipp Orlik. Umlando Omfushane sezombangazwe kunoma iyiphi lwemibhalo zomhlaba eyabizwa ngokuthi umlando wokuphila womuntu, uzama nokuqalisa ngokomthetho imithetho yelinyenti.

Filipp Orlik kanye noMthethosisekelo yayo

Umthetho eyinhloko yezwe Kuye kwabhalwa ulimi lwesiLatini nabadala Ukrainian, equkethwe izingxenye 16 kanti esethulweni. Yaqala lapho ukumenyezelwa ukuzimela, akukho ukwenqaba ukubusa kunoma iyiphi imigomo - nangakwesokhohlo yabo futhi ohlangothini kwesokudla Dnieper. Hetman kwakuhloselwe nomkhawulo emandleni ibhodi main, okuyinto zazihlanganisa zamaphini kuqokwa we the Cossack regiments. ngabe uholé umhlangano kwabadala colonels. Hetman kwadingeka ngenze izinqumo, ikhumbula izincomo ibhodi yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlinzekwe kathathu ngonyaka ukuqoqa Ukudla ezinkulu. Lokhu kungahlanganisa amanxusa amabutho Zaporozhye, kwakunesidingo sokuba abanye abefundisi, abameleli yonke imizi Ukraine.

UMthethosisekelo uqinisekisa amalungelo nenkululeko yato tonkhe takhamuti kukhululwe isimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi impahla kanye ngezigaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlelwe ukuba afeze ezinguqukweni kwezomhlaba, ukuhlola lonke izwe, athumba ngokungemthetho noma idluliselwe ku ubunikazi yangasese - ngakho bakubheka isikhundla abampofu. wekuba sive Ukraine kwaba sisakazekele insimu yonke Ukraine, futhi imingcele sizwe esisha esasinalo ukuhlonipha yonke emazweni angomakhelwane.

Ezenye somthethosisekelo

Ukubonakala okuncane incwadi ebalulekile esinjalo kubonisa ezingeni yokukhanyiselwa wekuba sive abaholi Cossack yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Izinga isiyonke imfundo isikhathi esivunyelwe uthembele yokuthi zonke ezintsha izokwamukelwa futhi kuvunywe abantu. Kodwa, ngeshwa, le dokhumenti futhi awuzange ezimiselwe ukuba abe umthethosisekelo wokuqala wentando yeningi ukuthi sinjani ngempela isimo. Imizamo ephindiwe ukushintsha inkambo imicimbi futhi ayikwazanga aphumelele. Isimo sokuqala Ukrainian sekukhona iminyaka engamakhulu amabili kuphela kamuva.

Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe filipp Orlik wahlala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Izingane zayo bahlakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, futhi izibulo Gregory ngakwazi ukwenza imali eshisiwe eFrance waba umnikazi kwamazwe elikhulu edude Paris. inzalo yakhe iminyaka eminingi kamuva yathengiswa ezweni ukuba uhulumeni waseFrance, futhi kule ndawo lakhiwa sezindiza, yaqanjwa umnikazi wakhe wokuqala - "Orly".

UMdali kakhulu efanayo yomthethosisekelo yokuqala yaqedwa ukuphila emzini baseMoldova Iasi. Kuze ezinsukwini zokugcina beza kuye izincwadi ezazivela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, wazama ukuze ngiwufeze ngesikhathi izenzakalo zezombusazwe. Kodwa amandla autocracy tsarist ngaqina emzimbeni, futhi sithemba ukuqeda kuheleza amandla angomakhelwane yayiya ngokuya.

Kuze kube manje, emagqumeni green eMoldova, Bender has uphawu ekhumbulekayo Filippa Orlika. Le ndawo bavakashela yizivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ngekuvuma Patriot odumile Ukraine.