Ukukhululwa Belgrade kusukela amaNazi, ngo-1944

2014 yayinezinto nemigubho. Phela, eminyakeni engu-70 edlule, wathatha yokukhululwa Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi dolobha Europe yi amasosha aseSoviet. Ikakhulukazi ayekhumbula lokho iminyaka engu-lobuzalwane waseSerbia, lapho kuze kube yilolu suku ukukhumbula ubuqhawe emabuthweni Red Army. Njengoba yokukhululwa Belgrade senzeka ngo-1944, okuyinto ngempela namaSoviet futhi ngabaholi bezempi zaseYugoslavia kwaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu?

prehistory

I umsebenzi yeYugoslavia amabutho amaNazi waqala ngemuva bombardment okukhulu Belgrade Ephreli 6, 1941. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokhu ukwakheka ukunyakaza yabashokobezi. Futhi ekuqaleni amaphiko amabili yayikhona: ohlanga kanye lamaKhomanisi. Kuyacaca ukuthi oMfelandawonye sinqume ukusekela abasekeli abadingisiwe eseNkosi uPeter II. Nokho, ngo-1943 monarchists, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, le Chetniks, ehlisa ngokuphelele ekususweni kwabantu labantu non-Serb yeYugoslavia neSoviet futhi ohulumeni waseBrithani waqala obala ukusekela umholi Communist uJosip Broz Tito.

Isimo ngaphambili ngaphambi kokuba sihlinzwe Belgrade

Ngenxa isikhundla salo ezindawo, Serbia ubelokhu esemqoka emazweni aseBalkan njalo. Ngakho, umyalo German kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala umsebenzi le ngxenye yeYugoslavia igcinwe khona amandla eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impumelelo Red Army BakaJehova eRomania futhi eBulgaria, futhi ikhishwe ukuze iDanube Serbia tiya ngekubaluleka kakhulu ngenxa Wehrmacht. Iqiniso liwukuthi ku imingcele esisempumalanga yezwe amaJalimane babekhuphukela ukuhlela umugqa ukuzivikela namabutho ethuthuka Soviet, okwakuyoholela ukuhoxisa amasosha ayo zivela eGreece nase-Macedonia futhi uyithumele ukuvikela imingcele eJalimane. Ngakho, kwaba sobala ukuthi yokukhululwa Belgrade (1944) kuyoba nzima futhi kuyodinga ukulungiselela kahle.

Ikakhulukazi, ngaphezulu 28 Julayi 1944 we NLA yeYugoslavia babevela Bosnia maqondana Serbia, kwathi ngo-September waqala ijahe amabutho aseSoviet. Izindaba ekusondeleni iRed Army ngesikhathi ngentshiseko yamukelwe abakhileyo inhlokodolobha zaseYugoslavia, okuyiwona wona kwakuyisibonakaliso sokuthi yokukhululwa Belgrade iseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-ekwindla zakuqala, umyalo German zinquma ukuhoxisa ezivela aseBalkan eHungary Army Iqembu "E", nokukhululwa Bulgaria iqale impi ngo-Germany futhi bethola ngaphambili Ukrainian mina Yala III, II futhi IV the Army Bulgarian.

Ukuqala ukusebenza

Esikhathini kusuka 15 kuya 21 Septhemba 17 Air Army kuyalelwe umyalo baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma amabhuloho ibhomu nezinye izinto ezibalulekile, kanjalo uvimbele ukudala ezinye ukuhoxiswa amabutho aseJalimane kusukela ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Yugoslavia bese kuba iGrisi. Khona-ke, ngo-September 28 waqala okuhlaselayo ku Belgrade 57th Army, okuyinto kusukela flank kwesokudla asibekela iDanube weqembu lemikhumbi, afohla ngokusebenzisa minefields. amabutho aseSoviet ngokubambisana neNhlangano NOAYU izingxenye ngesikhathi esifushane wafohla isivikelo ngasemngceleni Bulgaria isitha futhi wenza ndima nzima ngokusebenzisa Serbian Carpathians, njalo uhlanganyela lapho belwa amaJalimane abase bebaleka.

Ukukhulula Belgrade sika: usuku izigaba eziyinhloko wokusebenza

Okthoba 8, amabutho aseSoviet sawela umfula Morava futhi ukusungula bridgehead e Palanka futhi Velika Plana. Kusuka lapho ngo-October 12 lasungula okuhlaselayo ku Belgrade kusukela eningizimu, wakhe ubuhanjelwe isiBulgaria amayunithi ezempi kanye 2 NOAYU umzimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqala owela iDanube sezakhiwo of Ukraine Front, esenza kuhlaselwa eYugoslavia, inhloko-dolobha enyakatho-mpumalanga.

Ngo-October 14, ukusebenza Belgrade elandelayo zenzakalo zenzeka:

• 12 NOAYU Corps olawule imigwaqo eya dolobha, elise esiseningizimu yoMfula Sava;
• V Guards ngomshini Corps wafika Belgrade futhi wajoyina impi ezisemaphethelweni yayo;
• 57th Army waqala ethuthuka eduze iDanube, ukuzama ukuze uthole ngokushesha ukuze Belgrade.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-October 16 e Smederevo iDanube weqembu lemikhumbi kwaba ukufika. Ngisho ngosizo amabutho enkulu kangaka wenkululeko ephelele Belgrade kusukela amaNazi ethathe izinsuku eziyisithupha kuphela kusukela kuqale ukusebenza. Iqiniso lokuthi ikampu edolobheni German kwadingeka abantu abangaphezu kuka-20,000, kwaba ophethe 170 izibhamu izigqulo tanks 40. Futhi, nahlulele kusukela somyalelo osithekile Wehrmacht Command, zonke lezi amabutho ayeya umhlatshelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhoxiswa ezinkulungwane iqembu ibutho "E".

amayunithi Military ukuthi wathatha iqhaza ekuqhutshweni Belgrade, nama-CA futhi NOAYU ukulahlekelwa

Ohlangothini zaseSoviet ehlasela inhlokodolobha zaseYugoslavia iqhaza IV Guards ngomshini Corps, Infantry 236th, Guards 73th futhi 106th Division, omunye anti-aircraft wezikhali division, eziningana esigqulweni, wezikhali kanye self ezinezinjini wezikhali regiments, ezintathu ezihlukene anti-aircraft wezikhali ibutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye Akufanele siwuthathe kalula indima ohlangothini zaseYugoslavia inike ukwahlukana 8, ngaphandle lapho wenkululeko ngamabhomu kwakuyosho zephuze nakakhulu. Phakathi ukusebenza Red Army elahlekile abalimele, sibulawe futhi ulahlekile angaphezu kuka-30 000 amasosha nezikhulu zazo yilezi ngqo umuzi, abulale ezitaladini mayelana 1,000. Ngakho NOAYU isisulu ngesikhathi edlwengulwa zaba amavolontiya 2953.

Abaholi bezombusazwe, esadlala indima ebalulekile yokukhululwa inhlokodolobha zaseYugoslavia

Liberation yaseBelgrade (1944) wathatha indawo sibonga eziningi izenzo ehlelekile izinduna amaSoviet nasemakamu eYugoslavia. Njengoba sekushiwo, indima esemqoka inikezwa III kwaba phambi Ukrainian wayala F. I. Tolbuhina, ngokuqondile Army 57th, lapho ngaleso sikhathi iqondiswe ULieutenant Gen. N. A. Gagen. Phakathi kwabaholi ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet Kumelwe kuphawulwe futhi Jikelele Zhdanov, owayala IV Guards ngomshini Corps futhi wathola ukuhlinzwa Belgrade isihloko Hero kweSoviet Union kanye Yabantu Hero yeYugoslavia. Ngokuphathelene ayale amayunithi NOAYU bahlasela Belgrade, ke waphathiswa Dapchevicha Peko, obonise amakhono akhe yenhlangano ngisho ngesikhathi abaseSpain kulwiwa.

Medal "Ukuze Liberation yaseBelgrade"

Ukuze ukhuthaze labo owayevelele empini ngenxa inhlokodolobha yeYugoslavia, 9 Juni 1945 unongorwana okhethekileko isimo yasungulwa. Kwakuwusuku wasebusika "Ukuze Liberation yaseBelgrade", okuyinto wathola abantu mayelana 70.000. Lo mklomelo circle esiphelele 3.2 cm ububanzi zethusi, exhunywe kuyi-ithebhu indandatho kanye nendinganiso block pentagonal, okuyinto embozwe black green itheyiphu strip phakathi. I obverse lwemali imali umbhalo oqoshiwe ayizindunduma "Ngoba Liberation yaseBelgrade", ngenhla okuyinto inkanyezi ezinhlanu olucijile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuboniswa circumferentially umfire. Ngokuqondene reverse, akuzange kube khona usuku lokukhululwa yaseBelgrade Umbhalo obonakalayo le nkanyezi ezincane ezinhlanu olucijile. umklamo indondo sidalwe ngomculi A. I. Kuznetsovym, it is ebekiwe ukugqoka ohlangothini lwesobunxele kwesifuba.

Imikhosi begubha 70 yokukhululwa Belgrade

Nakuba mbukiso bendabuko ngesikhathi kwaqedwa kweJalimane yenhloko-dolobha Serbian labetibambile Okthoba 20, 2014 imikhosi labetibambile izinsuku ezine ngaphambili. Ngokusho version esemthethweni kwathiwa ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi Okthoba 16, 1944, amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela abakhulula abantu maphakathi Belgrade. Futhi, cindezela libike ukuthi lokhu kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuleli mgubho ubuhanjelwe ngabantu uMengameli Vladimir Putin.

Okuhamba phambili kwe-"Isinyathelo winner" e Belgrade

Okthoba 16, 2014 ku-dolobha Serbian okokuqala a idunyiswe wezempi owawuse emva 1985. Ngakho, iziphathimandla kuleli zwe banquma ukugubha weminyaka engu-70 yokukhululwa Belgrade. Ngalesi emcimbini yahanjelwa abakhileyo ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 100, wezikhulu eziphakeme waseSerbia kanye V. Putin. Ngaphezu lolu hide odlulayo amabutho baseSerbia nabase imishini esibhakabhakeni phezu Belgrade yabonisa art yabo ye-pilot Russian we "Amahlolamvula" iqembu.

Ngakho, singasho ukuthi izama kabusha umlando kwekhulu elidlule eYurophu esimweni Serbia akudingeki impumelelo, futhi abantu kulo lonke leli zwe ukhumbula feat the amasosha aseSoviet ngubani zaxoshwa ukugqwala undlovukayiphikiswa futhi yakhululwa Belgrade.