I ezindawo indawo Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. izici Political Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu

Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, isimo kabani womhlaba - Eastern Europe kuyinto Symbiosis ezithakazelisayo abanamasiko eduze. It kwavela 1199, ngemva kokuhlangana kwe-Galician naseVolyn amazwe. It neyaziwayo njengoba ubukhulu ngobukhulu eningizimu yeRussia izikhathi kwehlukana amakhosi asendulo.

isikhundla ezindawo

Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu uye kuxazululwe phezu emazweni evundile South-West of Russia. Futhi lokho omakhelwane ezithakazelisayo ezungezwe isimo abasha! Enyakatho ye-Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu izungezwe Lithuania, eseningizimu - ne Golden zidlamlilo empumalanga - ne Kiev futhi Turov-Pinsk ubukhulu entshonalanga - nombuso Polish. Futhi ugema anamandla Carpathians kakade welulela Hungary.

ENingizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia kwahluka nature enhle hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi inani elikhulu yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi. Pripyat River futhi Styr waqhubekela empumalanga Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, futhi iDanube ngokubabazekayo - eNingizimu.

Indawo okwakukhona kuyo Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, uveze amaqiniso njengoba enjalo, kwakusobala ezuzisayo.

Ubani futhi kanjani ukwakha ubukhulu olulodwa?

Kumiswa Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu kwenzeka ekupheleni kwekhulu le-12. Izazi-mlando zithi lo inkathi yomlando kwesikhathi nesikhathi kwehlukana izinduna ka Rus.

indima ebalulekile ekupheleliseni kula mazwe womabili (Galicia naseVolyn) wadlala isikhulu esihlakaniphile Roman Mstislavovich. Okokuqala wathatha galich, futhi ngemva kokufa uVladimir Yaroslavovych (owokugcina lwamakhosi Rostislavovich) sezombusazwe ohlakaniphile ngobuqili kuhlanganiswe indawo ezimbili ezifanayo kwamasiko. Okuphuma uzothola enethonya isimo Slavic, obabukhona kakhulu ngendlela 200 eminyakeni! Isikhulu langena umlando Russian futhi Ukraine ngokuthi "Autocrat yazo zonke eRussia" (umthombo -. Chronicle).

Inhloso izizathu inhlangano Galicia kanye Volynia

Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu (omfushane sihlangane isenzo ethulwa ngenhla) Akuvelanga kuphela ngenxa isifiso ngomuntu oyedwa, nakuba namasu kakhulu. Kunezizathu ngempela okunengqondo kungani womabili la mazwe baye banquma ukuba abe omunye:

• isikhundla ezinhle ezindawo ka the Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu;
• kokuba izitha ezivamile: nabasePoland, baseHungary futhi Golden zidlamlilo;
• ukusondela yamasiko izakhamuzi Galicia naseVolyn;
• idiphozi usawoti ezinkulu.

Ngokuwa

Phakathi nokubusa Prince Roman kahle izinto zase zihamba kuleli ubukhulu: bachuma ezolimo, Knights wayeka ukuxabana njalo, nomakhelwane ubuso kanye nabasePoland nase-baseHungary waqala ukuhlonipha isimo abasha. Kodwa kuzo zonke izinto ezinhle ngokushesha noma kamuva uphela ...

Isikhathi sesifikile futhi wafa Grand Prince Roman. Ngokushesha ngemva zalesi sibhicongo, isimo siphakamisele futhi - emzabalazweni. omakhelwane Futhi ukuza waqala ukuthonya inqubomgomo Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Ukungazinzi isikhathi yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-30, inqobo nje kwakukhona isibalo ezintsha ezinamandla - Danila Galitsky. Ngo 1238, isikhulu wathatha amandla ezandleni zabo siqu.

I sihlangane olandelayo futhi phakathi nenkathi yokudlondlobala we ubukhulu

Danilo Galitsky ephethwe ukusungula oda futhi ubuyisele ubunye kula mazwe womabili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubomgomo entsha ukunweba ithonya Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu Kiev. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo (1238-1264 GG.) Isimo Slavic ngempumelelo simelane Golden zidlamlilo.

Alandele Daniel baba Prince Yuri. Lapho-ke wabona emadolobheni achumayo, ukukhula namanye amazwe futhi ezifuywayo, kanye nokuphila okunokuthula emazweni Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu.

Ukuwa kwe-ubukhulu

Indaba laphela sibeke kabuhlungu. Igalelo yawela phezu umakhelwane eningizimu: ibutho Khan Uzbek unqobe amadodana amabili amajuba, Prince George.

Njengoba khona iminyaka engu-200, i-ubukhulu Galicia-naseVolyn (kafushane umlando esikwaziyo kakade) yaba nethonya elikhulu kwamasiko on ukuthuthukisa Russia. Umlando zensimu ningizimu-ntshonalanga iyingxenye yomlando wezwe lethu.

Izimpawu Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu

Kule ngxenye, sicabanga ngezici ezimbili - idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke futhi emikhakheni yezomnotho. Indawo okwakukhona kuyo Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu waphumelela kakhulu. Yingakho ukuthi ndawo ikakhulukazi ithuthukiswe ezolimo (igeja lokulima) kanye nemisebenzi yezandla ahlukahlukene.

Lokuthuthukisa isimo esiphansi sezomnotho nomthelela ekwandeni emadolobheni amakhulu. Imizi ngobukhulu Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu - kuyinto:

• Lviv - elinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu e-CIS. indodana ka-Danila Galitskogo ingonyama yaqanjwa.
• UVladimir-naseVolyn - idolobha entshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Ngenxa isikhundla salo ezindawo, emashumini eminyaka 13-14. Kwakheka omkhulu wamaJuda. ngendaba ebuhlungu kakhulu abantu lasendulo ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili: amaNazi kanye bendawo babulala abantu abangenacala abalinganiselwa mayelana 25,000. Namuhla endaweni mass Rastrelli eyakhelwe eyinkimbinkimbi yesikhumbuzo.
• Galich - inhloko-dolobha yokuqala Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu.

Endaweni Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu laba yimizi ngu-80. idatha okunjalo kunikeza umlando.

Uhlelo isimo namandla

izici Political Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu Zisabangela ingxabano mlando. isayensi olusemthethweni umbono ukuthi amandla angempela possessed ezicukuthwaneni abanethonya futhi wakuthola. Kuyinto ba owakhetha ababezobhapathizwa izikhulu, bese batsatsa tincumo ngekutakhela ukufuduka womuntu. Yiqiniso, kokulawulwa Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu kwakuxhomeke ngabanye. Ikakhulukazi uma isikhulu baba sezombusazwe ohlakaniphile, owayenganikela zizenzele izinqumo zazo.

Igunya eyinhloko kuBhodi boyars ezinkulu. Lalihlanganisa wabantu abanethonya kakhulu ubukhulu - ababhishobhi bamazwe ezinkulu. Ezithile esimisweni sezenhlalo libhekene Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Incazelo yakhe izokwethulwa esahlukweni esilandelayo.

senhlalo

Endaweni Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu bakha umphakathi amakhosi asendulo. It namakilasi mayelana 5, umehluko phakathi kwabo lalibalulekile. Cabanga ngalokho ukuthi a gap omkhulu phakathi kwabantu okuqondene amakilasi ezahlukene. izinhlamvu abathandwayo owakhiwe Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Ithebula elingezansi uzokutshela mayelana yokuphila kwabo.

Izimpawu Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu luyobe lungaphelele ngaphandle incazelo eningiliziwe amakilasi.

Intshonalanga ye-Ukraine namuhla

Omunye wemibuzo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi inkanuko: "Lapho benza abakhileyo naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine kuyinto acacile ukuziqaphela" Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kudingeka uhambe kancane okwengeziwe emlandweni: indawo Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, futhi isiphetho sakhe sizochaza eziningi.

emazweni zomlando Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu - insimu zanamuhla naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Galicia Owabe cishe kulingana Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv futhi Ternopil izifunda. NaseVolyn - isifunda zomlando enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye manje eyi-Ukraine. Ihlanganisa wamanje Rivne, Zhytomyr futhi naseVolyn izifunda.

Ngemuva kokuwa Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu, isiphetho kula mazwe womabili ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe kunqunywa omakhelwane bayo entshonalanga eNingizimu Russia. Ekhulwini le-14 Galicia ashaqe Poland naseVolyn aba ngaphansi kokulawula yaseLithuania. Ke kwabakho Rzeczpospolita obumbene, okuyinto ephinda ashaqe kula masimu.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, labantu Galicia naseVolyn kwaba ngaphansi kwethonya amaPolish namasiko Lithuanian. Futhi, ulimi Ukraine eWestern Ukraine Kuthi akufane Polish. Ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi kungani Ukraine esentshonalanga baye njalo bafuna ukuzibusa.