Boston Marathon 2013: amaqiniso nemiphumela

Boston Marathon - i ezemidlalo saminyaka yonke, uyachubeka emadolobheni amaningana e Massachusetts. Ngaso sonke isikhathi agcinwe kule Day Patriot (Usuku Patriots '), ngoMsombuluko wesithathu Apreli. I Umjaho wokuqala wabanjelwa ngo-1897. Wayephefumulelwe impumelelo marathon lokuqala ngesikhathi Olympic Asehlobo ngo-1896. Boston Marathon - omdala uhlanga yonyaka, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi njengelinye lamazwe edume kakhulu emhlabeni.

Marathon edonsela emhlabeni izibukeli 500,000, okwenza kube ethandwa kakhulu emcimbini wezemidlalo eNew England. Nakuba ngo-1897 emncintiswaneni yahanjelwa ingqikithi 18 abasubathi, manje ine isilinganiso-30 000 ababambiqhaza kubhaliswe. WeJubili Boston Marathon ngo-1996 kwaba irekhodi ngenxa yenani labahlanganyeli: 38708 abikwe ku kuye ukuze ujoyine emncintiswaneni, abantu 36.748 wathatha ekuqaleni futhi 35868 wafika entanjeni.

indaba

Eyokuqala Boston Marathon lahlelwa ngo-Ephreli 1897, liphefumulelwe imvuselelo emncintiswaneni ngesikhathi Olympic Asehlobo ngo-1896 e-Athene. He is endala ngokuqhubekayo asebenza futhi Ubude yesibili eNyakatho Melika.

Umcimbi siyigubhe ukugubha uSuku Patriots (Usuku Patriots ') futhi zonke lezi zilo sifanekisela ukuhlobana Athene futhi American inkululeko fighters. Owinile lokuqala kwaba Dzhon Makdermott, ukusebenzisa ibanga 24,5 amamayela e 2:55:10. Uhlanga, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi the Boston Marathon, uye kusukela abelokhu eqhutshwa minyaka yonke. Ngo-1924, ekuqaleni washukumiseleka ukuba Hopkinton, futhi yinde eya amamayela 26 385 amayadi angu (42.195 km). Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga abekwe kuma-Olympics ngo-1908 futhi eyabekwa IAAF ngo-1921.

Ekuqaleni, the Boston Marathon laliyisenzakalo zendawo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo, nodumo, waqala ukuheha abagijimi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni eminingi nomlando wayo, yomcimbi yayithi ngokuphelele inhlangano engenzi-nzuzo, futhi umklomelo kuphela ngokuwina kwaba Wreath Welukwa amagatsha muthi womnqumo. imiklomelo Sponsored ukhishwa kwakuqala ngo-1980, ngemva abadlali professional aseqalile wenqaba ukuhlanganyela kulo mncintiswano ngaphandle imiklomelo abalulekile. Umklomelo wokuqala ngokuwina marathon yatholwa ngo-1986.

Ukulwela ukukhipha ilungelo abesifazane ukuba bahlanganyele marathon

Abesifazane abavumelekile ukuthi ngokusemthethweni iqhaza the Boston Marathon kuze 1972. Robert Gibb, ngokuvumelana abagqugquzeli lomcimbi, lona wesifazane wokuqala ukusebenzisa webanga nebanga ezigcwele zonke (1966). Ngo-1967, Ketrin Svittser bhalisiwe ngokuthi "K. V Svittser", baba owesifazane wokuqala ukusebenzisa kuze kufike ekugcineni nge inombolo esemthethweni umhlanganyeli. UBooysen wakwazi ukusho ukuthi ukufinyelela sekugcineni, naphezu sigameko yaziwa kabanzi, lapho kummeleli nokuphathwa marathon Jock Semple wazama waklebhula off ekamelweni lakhe futhi ungavumeli ophunyukayo. Ngo-1996, abesifazane iqhaza ngokwethukela marathon kusuka 1966 kuya 1971, futhi owokuqala Usufike entanjeni, waba sekwedlulile kanti kuyosebenza ngokomthetho Champions. Ngo-2015, cishe ngo-46% wabahlanganyeli besifazane.

Scandal ne rozi Ruis

Nehlazo kwenzeka lapho the Boston Marathon ngo-1980, lapho umgijimi-lover Rosie Ruiz kwaphuma ndawo futhi lwaphumelela emncintiswaneni phakathi kwabesifazane. Abamele izinhlaka zokuphatha marathon base beba nokusola bayobika kwazo lapho zithola ukuthi Ruiz hhayi ongabona amavidiyo emncintiswaneni cishe kuze kube sekupheleni. uphenyo olwenziwa ngemva kwalokho lwembula ukuthi iningi Ruiz uphuthelwe izenzakalo, bese, cishe emayela (amakhilomitha angu-1,6) kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi ixubene isixuku kudlule kalula izimbangi. AbaHluleli ngokusemthethweni isafaneleka njengamaLevi Rosie. Boston Marathon ngo-1980, ngaleyo ndlela, iwine lo msubathi Canadian Zhaklin Garo.

izingozi

Ngo-1905, uJames Edward Brooks kusukela North Adams e Massachusetts wabulawa i-pneumonia ngokushesha ngemva kokubili wagijima webanga elide, hhayi lapho bebuyela ekhaya. Ngo-1996, indoda eneminyaka engu-62 ubudala kusuka eSweden, wabulawa isifo senhliziyo. Ngo-2002, i-Sintiya Lusero oneminyaka engu-28 ubudala wabulawa hyponatremia.

Boston Marathon 2013

Phakathi marathon ngo-2013, ngo-Ephreli 15, ngesikhathi 14:49 nesikhathi sendawo, ngemva kwamahora amabili ngemva abawinile lufinyelela entanjeni ku Boylston Street, abangaba ngu-200 metres phambi entanjeni, kwakukhona ukuqhuma ezimbili, ibanga elibahlukanisile kwaba 180 amamitha.

Ukuqhuma kubulale abantu abathathu kwalimala abantu okungenani 144, iningi labo 17 balimala kabi. Phakathi kwabashonile khona kumfanyana oneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Alikho iqembu amaphekula umangalele umthwalo yokuhlaselwa ngamabhomu. Kwathatha phezu Federal Bureau of Investigation (i-FBI) kanye nesithombe basolwa kuthiwa wathola ngokushesha.

Ebusuku, April 18 ngesikhathi kudutshulwana ku Cambridge eduze eMassachusetts Institute of Technology, wabulawa iphoyisa, yaqala ngaleso sikhathi eyohlinzwa bamba abasolwa, bazalwane tamerlan and Dzhokhar Tsarnaevyh. Inkosazana wabo, tamerlan, ushonele esibhedlela ekuseni ku-19 Ephreli. Omakhelwane abawuvalanga bayalwa ukuba uhlale ngaphakathi emizini yabo iminyango ikhiyiwe. Izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi e-Boston licima, kuhlanganise imizila yezinkundla ezinkulu kunazo zonke isimo eMassachusetts Bay Ezokuthutha Authority kanye Amtrak inkampani wesitimela; Kwakumelwe izikole avaliwe futhi amanyuvesi, kanye namabhizinisi amaningi. Amalungelo wobuntu izitho ngaphansi kobuholi amaphoyisa isimo ephanga umuzi Watertown, futhi 19 Apreli, at 8:45 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev waboshwa.

Boston Marathon 2013 ukuqhuma lapho sabulala Umfana oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala nowesifazane oneminyaka engu-29 ubudala (kokubili izakhamizi amadlelo Boston), kanye umfundi oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala wase-China, kuyinhlekelele enkulu yonke nomhlaba ophucukile. Phakathi walimala kanzima babe unina nodadewabo lomfana oshonile.

Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula i-marathon

Ukudubula amabhomu amabili ngezikhawu amasekhondi angu-15 benziwa eduze Copley Square Boston. Ngenxa yalokho ngokuhlasela kwamaphekula wabulala abantu abathathu kwalimala abangu-ngaphezulu kwekhulu kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Abawinile lufinyelela entanjeni eqhele ngamahora amabili ngaphambi ukuqhuma, kodwa zazingakabi eziningi abagijimi abase kuphela ukusebenzisa kuze kube sekupheleni the Boston Marathon.

Ukuhlaselwa kwabamangaza bonke: ukuhlasela yimuphi izinsongo ezivela izinhlangano amaphekula abikwe.

Iziqhumane zazenziwe uhlobo ukuthi babengakwazi ukuyisekela kalula ukwenza ukuthatha imiyalelo evela kwi-Inthanethi noma yimuphi omunye umthombo. I alufakwa esengaphakathi eziyisithupha-litre ingcindezi endzaweni lephephile, okuyinto becashe ubhaka inayiloni.

Ukudubula, jaha nokubopha

Ngokushesha ngemva izithombe yashicilelwa, kwakukhona skirmish eduze-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, eduze kwamabhilidi 32 (Stata Centre). Lokhu kwenzeke ngo-Ephreli 18 amahora 22 amaminithi 48 nesikhathi sendawo (02:48 UTC). isibhamu eziningana zenziwe. I inhlamvu hit iphoyisa nokuhlala emotweni patrol. Wayiswa 'eMassachusetts General Hospital, futhi, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, odokotela konstantirovali ukufa. Shon Kollier ngokuthi amaphoyisa, eneminyaka engu-26 ubudala, wazalwa Somerville, Massachusetts, ngasebenza emnyangweni amaphoyisa we-Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Tsarnaev umndeni athumba esiliva Mercedes Suv e Cambridge futhi waphoqeleka ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni umnikazi ATM $ 800. Ukuthatha imali, abavumeli umshini aphethe. Abasolwa wamtshela ukuthi basuke icala kwamabhomu ngesikhathi the Boston Marathon. Amaphoyisa kuyofikwa imoto emzini Watertown, Massachusetts. izikhulu komthetho Watertown kubika izimpikiswano eziningana aba kanye skirmishes, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho bezwa ukuqhuma. Ngabo lobo busuku, iphephandaba i-Boston Globe libike ukuthi ngesikhathi kudutshulwana wathatha ingxenye abantu ziyadingeka ukuhlasela ngesikhathi marathon. A yezibhamu namaphoyisa ukuqhuma amabhomu elaphonswa izigebengu wabukela izakhamuzi Watertown. Omunye walaba bazalwane wabanjwa, kodwa yesibili wakwazi ukubaleka e SUV intshontshiwe. Ngesikhathi bedubulana, yena waba sina kwalimala traffic oneminyaka engu-33 ubudala iphoyisa eMassachusetts Bay okuthiwa uRichard H. Donahue Jr. Ngenhlanhla, isilonda kwaba akubulali.

Ekuseni ngo-April 19, ngemva jaha imoto futhi bedubulana namaphoyisa, omunye wabasolwa, tamerlan Tsarnaev, wayiswa Medical Centre neBheti Izreyel, nalapho afike ashonela khona ka okudutshulwa futhi kokulimala e kuqhuma. I-FBI ezikhishwe izithombe abasolwa ababili e Watertown izenzakalo. Umzalwane wesibili, Dzhokhar, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi "umsolwa isigqoko esimhlophe," ngokusho kombiko wamaphoyisa basagcwele. Izikhulu zithi abazalwane babexoshiwe imoto yakhe ibhomu ekhaya eyenziwe amaphoyisa ngubani abaxosha esuka Cambridge ukuba Watertown.

Ngo-2015, omunye abaphehla kuqhuma, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, ulahlwe 30 ukubalwa isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele.

Sikhunjulwe

Apreli 18 eBoston Catholic Cathedral of the Cross oNgcwele baqhuba izinkolo inkonzo yesikhumbuzo izisulu kwamaphekula. Yena abadlale uMengameli waseMelika uBarack Obama kanye ezinye omakadebona Boston Marathon.

Nehlazo doping e marathon 2014

I webanga elide kulo nyaka, Kenyan Rita Dzheptu wafika entanjeni yokuqala phakathi kwabesifazane. Nokho, bekubonakala isafaneleka njengamaLevi emva abameleli Umhlaba Anti-Doping Agency yamemezela ukuthi ukuhlolwa yayo ngoba izidakamizwa ezenqatshelwe yabonisa Chile oqondile. Ukulalelwa kwezinkulumo esimweni yayiqhutshelwa Januwari 2015.

Boston Marathon 2016

Ngo-2016, i-American Jami Marseille waba ngowokuqala leseyifinyelele entanjeni yowesifazane Boston Marathon onesifo imilenze yomibili unqanyulwe. Ukuze ahole ama-mcimbi Bobbi Gibb, isimiso wagijima webanga engu-50 edlule, ngo-1966. Owinile wabesifazane 2016, lo mTopiya-athlete atsede baysa, Bobbi Gibb wanika umklomelo wakhe. Wavuma sikwamukele isimo phakathi nalowo nyaka yena kuziwa Ethiopia bese ubuyela umnikazi esisemthethweni indebe.