Jonas Savimbi: walilwela inkululeko Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (owazalwa 03/08/34 ngesiPutukezi Angola - 22/02/02 wabulala eduze Lukusse, ibid) - sezombusazwe, umholi ukuvukelwa kombuso yabashokobezi ngokumelene wenza uhulumeni eSoviet-wasekela Angola.

i-curriculum vitae

Indodana induna esiteshini sesitimela Jonas Savimbi kwaba ezikoleni sevangeli futhi wathola umfundaze wokuyofunda phesheya. Watadisha imithi e-University of Lisbon ePortugal, futhi kamuva wathola iziqu ze-doctorate wezifundo zezombusazwe eNyuvesi waseLausanne, eSwitzerland, ngo-1965

Nakuba Afrika ebalazweni emhlabeni ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe amakoloni uthi European - France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, UK, eSpain nasePortugal. A ikoloni lona wamuva kanye wawuyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo Zhonasha. Ngo-1961 Savimbi wajoyina Holden uRoberto, umholi ukunyakaza ngenxa uzibuse Angola Yabantu Union (UPA), Umphikisi we Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA, a "labour" party-Leninist kaMarx). Waphula ne UPA 1966 futhi zakha ikhanda UNITA (UNITA), okuyinto walwa emelene umthetho isiPutukezi wamakoloni.

Afrika emhlabeni ibalazwe geopolitical

Ngo-1965, Savimbi wanquma ukwakha ukunyakaza kwakhe siqu, futhi waqala ukufuna ukwesekwa. Yavela China, lapho futhi ezinye lieutenants bakhe bamenywa kwalezi zifundo ezathatha izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye impi yabashokobezi edonse. E Beijing, umholi UNITA, wahlangana Mao Zedong nezinye ngabaholi bezempi nabezombusazwe enye inguquko Chinese. Savimbi wafunda amaqhinga asetshenziswa ngempumelelo kamuva e-Angola. Kamuva, lapho wafuna usizo emazweni aseNtshonalanga, Zhonash downplayed lokho okushiwo nokuhambela kwakhe China. Ikakhulukazi, wathi Mao namaKhomanisi hhayi kuphela bafunda indlela ukulwa kanye ukuwina impi yabashokobezi yokufuna, kodwa nendlela esihle- akufanele ukuphatha umnotho kanye nezwe, okungukuthi. Ukuze. Ingcebo izizwe wadala isinyathelo abantu.

ukugqugquzela

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Angola, uJonas Savimbi waqala viva isizwe sakhe ovimbundu nezinye umbimbi. Uhulumeni wavinjezelwa ekhaya ukucwaswa omhlaba. Novemba 10, 1975 Portugal ngokusemthethweni ububusi kophiko lwayo phezu isimo Afrika. Kwakukhona ababethanda i esheshayo munyu amandla, okuholele Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola yazibiza uhulumeni omusha. Ngemva imibhikisho MPLA party, UNITA ababemenyelwe amabutho-Cuban futhi izikhali Soviet kusetshenziselwa ukulondoloza amandla. Ngokushesha Zhonash waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele ku Angola ezijulile nabalandeli nedlanzana ezimbalwa kuphela.

Kukhona-ke ngokumelene nokubuswa Soviet, ngubani esikhundleni isiPutukezi, bakhangwa wabiza ibutho elisha. Ngosizo izikhali abaqeqeshi kusuka South Africa, Savimbi ihlelwe esinamandla futhi esebenza kahle ukudlubulunda amabutho. Ngezikhathi ezithile Government of Angola ngosizo ibutho-Cuban futhi wazama ukubhubhisa izingalo baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma UNITA, kodwa abashokobezi labetibambile endaweni enkulu, okuyinto ehlaselwa amahhovisi kahulumeni, kwezitimela kanye imizila yokuthumela izimpahla.

Phakathi Cold War Savimbi wathola usizo China, South Africa ne-United States njengoba kuqhathaniswa MPLA eyayilandela izimfundiso zikaMarx, Soviet-wasekela, okuyinto elawulwa uhulumeni. UNITA aqhubeka siphambukisa impi yabashokobezi MPLA phakathi kwawo-1970 nawo-80s.

izingxoxo zokuthula

Entwasahlobo ka-1991 Savimbi amabutho egqoka phansi inhloko-dolobha Luanda, ukusika emigqeni amandla abaphuca izimpahla. Ekugcineni, i-MPLA eyayilandela izimfundiso waphoqeleka ukuba avume ukuthi imigomo nezinhlelo zalo empeleni waba nesandla ekwakhiweni kwesikolodo 20 billion-dollar-Angola yokuntuleka pheze ephelele umkhiqizo. MPLA uMongameli uJose Eduardo dos Santos ivumile ukuxoxisana Savimbi UNITA, kanye iphakethe yezinguquko okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa umnotho. Ngokuvamile, izivumelwano zokuthula kwasayinwa May 31, 1991, futhi ukulwa wayeka masinyane.

Ngemva kwalokho, uJonas Savimbi, kusekelwa abasekeli nomdlandla, aphethwe umkhankaso kamongameli kulo Angola. It namanje uthembise ukuthi UNITA uyoletha umnotho emakethe, njalo ukhetho kanye ubunikazi yangasese komhlaba kanye ibhizinisi. Phakathi nabalandeli inhlokodolobha ngo-September 1991, kusho Savimbi ukuthi amandla party yakhe ngokungagcini nje ngezingalo zakhe, kodwa futhi khona zaso zezombangazwe.

Ukulahlekelwa okhethweni

sivumelwano Ukuthula noHulumeni wanoma impi yase-Angola kuyekisiwe, okwenza bakwazi ukubamba ngo-1992 khulula ahlukahlukene okhethweni lukazwelonke. Ngemva kokushonelwa Savimbi UNITA saqala esempini ukulawula yezwe, ibuse ezingxenyeni eziningi emaphandleni. Izinkulumo yayiqhutshelwa futhi, okwaholela Lusaka Sivumelwano ka-1994. Ubutha zaziyoqedwa, futhi amandla kwadingeka ukuba disarmed. UMongameli wase-Angola uJose Eduardo dos Santos, Savimbi ezihlongozwayo ukuba ibe ngomunye omongameli ababili okuphambene ne-UNITA - iqhaza kuhulumeni. Zhonash kamuva yasiphikisa isiphakamiso, futhi ngo-1997 emiswa njengoba weqembu eliphikisayo. Ngemva konyaka okuthunyelwe uyekwa. Ngo-1996, Savimbi wathi ukuthi uzobuyisa ukulawula umsebenzi oholelayo wesikhathi idayimane izifunda e Angola enyakatho-mpumalanga, ngisho noma abanye babo bayiswa uhulumeni ngo-1998.

ukufa

Sekuyisikhathi eside Cold War nkathi yaphela ne-UNITA waba nezinkinga ngezimali. Ngo-September 1998, Savimbi ukuthi sibhekene nokuphikiswa ngaphakathi enhlanganweni, lapho iqembu ukushaya ngokwayo UNITA-R, bamphushela futhi wahola ngokwabo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqembu lahlukaniswa laba amafraktjhini ezintathu. UHulumeni we-Angola futhi Southern Development Afrika ngokusemthethweni neyaziwayo UNITA-R. Noma kunjalo, ngo-March 2001, uJonas Savimbi bacela resumption lwezinkulumo ukuthi wayezimisele ukwamukela imigomo yemvume Lusaka. Nakuba uhulumeni ifuna ceasefire njengoba isimo ngoba ekuqaleni izingxoxo ezintsha, Savimbi ngokuthi ku eSontweni LamaKatolika sokulamula kule ngxabano. Ukulwa kwaqhubeka kuwo 2001 futhi basakaze emazweni angomakhelwane, Zambia neNamibia. amabutho Uhulumeni baqhubeka behlukumeza Zhonasha futhi ekugcineni wamfica empumalanga sifundazwe Moxico. Savimbi ukuthi unyendle wabulawa. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-Ephreli 2002, enza isivumelwano sokuthula Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi UNITA Uhulumeni Angola.