Kungani Russia US izibopho kahulumeni?

Ehlobo lika-2016 eRussia anda ukutshalwa yayo US izibopho kahulumeni, kanye bakuyisa 91 amaRandi, nakuba eminyakeni emibili nje edlule, ngo-August 2014, lapho umuntu eba lokuqala unswinyo imikhakha, yalahla iRussia kusukela West, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwehle kuze $ 66 bhiliyoni. Kungani Russia US izibopho kahulumeni? Sizozama sokulungisa le nkinga.

Isizathu sokuqala: ukugcinwa ruble

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukumemeza "kumathroli" eziningi ezahlukene ku-inthanethi futhi alwa emigwaqweni, ngubani bengaba nokuqonda okuncane mayelana nalokho emnothweni, usekelo le "isitha", izibopho kuhulumeni kubalulekile.

Okokuqala udinga sixoshe inganekwane main: imali ngenhloso ezinjalo azibona kusukela isabelomali isimo. Izibambiso ezikweletini US zivela zigcine we Central Bank of Russia (Central Bank of Russia), okuyinto zisetjenziselwa ukugcinwa ruble, abangenisa isofthiwe lwemali, abanamacala nokunye. D.

Uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi iyiphi ugogo ongawamukeli impesheni ngezizathu zokuthi uhulumeni bungenxa le "izitha", ke benza iphutha elikhulu. CBR - yisikhungo esizimele sezimali, omunye ogama imisebenzi - ekushayweni ruble. Yena, kuncike yesimo sezomnotho ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi ku- ibhalansi ukuhweba.

I emazweni angaphezu athuthukile kwezomnotho, kulapho ufuna ukuphrinta yendawo. Uma ibhalansi akuyona ihlonishwe futhi Central Bank azophrinta imali eningi, bese bayofulathelisa ku confetti abavamile, candy wrappers.

Ake sicabange ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi wanikezwa ayisigidi, kuzokwenzekani-ke? Impendulo isobala: amanani endizela nje akekho babekuthengisa impahla ayindlala ngenxa ephepheni. Kwezomnotho, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ayehle kakhulu amandla emali.

Isizathu sesibili: ukugcinwa kazwelonke lwemali zezimali

Kuye yesimo sezomnotho, ibhange central ezikhishwe ruble esiqiwini. Kodwa lo main ukuhweba imisebenzi eyenziwa e-euro, aseMelika, yen Japanese, British okokuphrinta. Futhi namuhla banezela yuan Chinese.

Rouble zezimali ukuba (isisindo), kubalulekile ukwenza imali kubo, kungenjalo bayosala confetti abavamile. Ngaphambili, njengoba isilinganiso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igolide isinyathelo. Lokho dollar, yile ensimbini eyigugu, yayidlondlobala emhlabeni, njengoba uMengameli French yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle, usuku olulodwa asilethelwa umkhumbi wase-US ngamagama lwemali American, okuyinto yafuna igolide. Ngemva isinyathelo okwakusobala ezinjalo, kwanqunywa ukuba ayiyeke le software "Izinambuzane" ensimbini eyigugu. Kunalokho, lwemali US uye wanikeza isiqiniseko sokuthi "konke kuzolunga", futhi lokhu, eqinisweni, yilokho US izibopho kahulumeni.

Ngamanye amazwi, lo ruble anganikwa okuthile ukuze kube izingcezu abavamile emaphepheni kungenziwa uthathe iyiphi ingane kusuka notebook. Kuleli qhaza lethu kukhona US uhulumeni izibopho, lapho ziphephile ngomqondo truest izwi behlonipha uhulumeni waseMelika.

Izibambiso ezikweletini nezibopho USA ngokhiye lokho ruble nganoma isiphi isikhathi ungashintshwa zamadola, noHezekeli. Njengoba sazi ukuthi sonke ukuhweba esiqhutshwa lwemali angaphandle amazwe amaningi, ahlanganisa i-United States, kuba isiqinisekiso ukuzinza zokuhweba.

Ukuze ngikwenze kucace kakhudlwana, kungani ukuthenga US izibopho kahulumeni, belingisa isimo: izingane ezintathu ukudlala endlini. Ababili babo ukuyiprinta imali yabo, futhi eyesithathu wathenga. Ukusikeka lokuqala yayo lwemali amaphepha notebook, futhi ayinikeze, kwesibili - ngobuqili ngaphezulu, lishintsha iphepha lakhe "bucks" I-ruble yangempela ngenxa yenkambo okuyiwona ungakwazi ukuthenga lutho esitolo langempela. Ngakho, umntwana wesibili nje ngeke ukuzisabalalisa, ngokungafani kuqala, okuyinto Ungaphrinta "imali" akunoma yiluphi ubuningi.

Ngokuphathelene udaba lwemali, isimo icishe afana ingane yesibili kulesi simo: central ukukhishwa yasebhange ruble ezeseka izibambiso, ababiziweyo uhulumeni izibopho United States. Ngamandla abo, amadola bathenga kusuka Federal Reserve US kaHulumeni ukuze izibopho efanayo, okuyinto ndawonye zakha izikweletu zangaphandle.

Isizathu sesithathu: inzuzo

Ngaphezu izizathu ezimbili sekushiwo, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi izimali US izibopho kahulumeni imali yangempela. Njengoba zimali angenza emabhange central, ohulumeni, izikhungo kwezohwebo kanye zimali abazimele. isivuno sabo endiza eduze 2-3% ngonyaka. Uma uthi nhlá, lesi sibalo sincane kakhulu, kodwa kukhona omunye inzuzo - ephansi iphesenti ihlawulelwa ithemba ukubuya njengoba inhloko-dolobha yabo futhi inzuzo. Akekho instrument yezimali, njengoba kuqhathaniswa izibopho kahulumeni emazweni amaningi athuthukile, kwenza nhlobo iziqinisekiso, okungukuthi, awukwazi nje ungatholi iphesenti kulindeleke inzuzo high, kodwa futhi ukuba yiyo yonke capital yakho.

Kuleli zwe enjalo zokutshala imali, okunikeza isiqinisekiso inzuzo, empeleni elincane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, futhi amemezela US izibopho kahulumeni, njengoba uhulumeni onegunya kunabo emhlabeni.

Isizathu ezine: ukongiwa izinqolobane

Wonke umuntu uyazi kuleli lizwe ukuthi ukugcina imali yabo embizeni ingilazi - lokhu okulingana izishise esigxotsheni. eminyakeni embalwa, ukuwa kwamandla emali kuzonciphisa kubo kakhulu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isibalo amaqanda ku imali yamaphepha ngeke kushintshe.

Kodwa isakhamuzi abavamile nje: uma unendlela, efuna ukugcina iminyaka embalwa, ngokwanele ukuba asondele kunoma yimuphi yasebhange futhi uvule i-akhawunti idiphozi kulo imali alondolozwa isithakazelo zingabekwa. Yiqiniso, okuningi lokhu ngeke uthole, kodwa umgomo oyinhloko - ukulondoloza imali ngokwezibalo zangempela, hhayi bokuzisholo. Ngamanye amazwi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziningi kangakanani amaqanda une umthethosivivinywa, kubalulekile - kangakanani bangathenga imikhiqizo esitolo.

Ngokwemvelo, amabhange bayahamba yimali, ivaliwe, bangase ukubuyisa ilayisensi, kodwa namuhla isimo emva crisis 2008 thembeke insures yonke imali ngaphakathi ngenani eliphusile.

Zonke amabhange zincike yena, kusukela Central Bank, okuyinto ukhipha ilayisensi, setha izinga refinancing nokunye. D. Kodwa kwenzekani CBR? Izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali ngqo kuye akuzange kukhanselwe, ngakho igodla in ruble okulingana isitoreji ukonga ingilazi imbiza noma yisiphi isakhamuzi - uyisiphukuphuku futhi akusizi ngalutho. Ngokufanayo instumentov nokongiwa izinqolobane futhi gosoobligatsii "izitha."

Kungani US?

Yiqiniso, inkulumo mayelana ubukhulu namandla Russia kungaba kakhulu uma kunesidingo, kodwa manje kuba izibambiso nesikweletu uhulumeni wase-US nezimfuneko izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile:

• ukuthembeka;
• zezimali;
• nenzuzo.

United States - kwelinye lamazwe ambalwa emhlabeni lapho imigomo yezomnotho kahulumeni akuxhomekile "inkosi" ka-White House. Bonke abafika amandla kuleli zwe, isimo akashintshi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo akuyona sasilinyazwe ahlukahlukene izibhelu, ukuvukelwa kwemibuso izinguquko umbuso, izinguquko kwezimali, izimpi nokunye kuleli zwe yazi kokubusa main emnothweni - .. Imali othanda ukuthula.

Lapho ukuphela "ngenkathi dollar?"

Namuhla sibona ezihlukahlukene TV, izinkulumo osopolitiki ngokuwa okuseduze "mbhoshongo zezimali American." "Gurus" Abaningi emnothweni bathi mayelana kwenzeke, kufanele ulinde iminyaka omunye ezinye ezimbili. Kodwa zezomnotho yangempela ngisho esimaphakathi (Emashumini amahlanu eminyaka-elilandelayo) ukusebenzisa amathuba bantu abamboni.

Inani izikweletu US

Yiqiniso, inani US izikweletu umxhwele - ezingaphezu kuka-19 izindodla zezimali, okulingana 109,9% we-GDP. Ngokwesibonelo, nesikweletu kuleso Greece, Ireland futhi Iceland njengoba amaphesenti GDP ezingaphezu kuka-US, kanye nesikweletu Ukraine eminyakeni ezayo kungase kwedlule kahle lezi zibalo. Lapha kumelwe ungacabangi nje lemali okuzisholo ezikweletini, futhi iphesenti GDP nasebenzisana, ingabe kuyinkazimulo ukuba uhulumeni wase-US kubiza kuphela $ 250 billion. Uma uqhathanisa isabelomali nge isivuno cishe 3.5 trillion lemali kungaba encane. Ngakho-ke eshaya icilongo kwezwakala okuseduze US ezenzakalelayo iminyaka 50-100 olulandelayo ekuseni.

ERussia: US uhulumeni izibopho enenzuzo kakhulu

Njengoba for lesithathu esiyinhloko - inzuzo, khona-ke US izibopho kahulumeni kwasekuqaleni. Manje, eziningi uzomangala, kodwa phezulu emihlanu ku iminyaka emithathu izibopho kahulumeni yilezo lapho engenayo ezimbi. Leli akulona ihlaya: Securities Japan yalahleka 0.2% ngonyaka, France - 0.5%, kodwa e-US ungakwazi ukuthola engafinyelela kwengu-1% ngonyaka.

Khona-ke kungani imali? Impendulo ilula - ukuze singalahlekelwa izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali nakakhulu.

Isizathu ezine: ithonya lezombangazwe

Eqinisweni, labo kwamazwe ezandleni iphesenti abalulekile izibopho kahulumeni kwelinye izwe, kungathinta ke kwezombusazwe. Ingakunaki izinqolobane zakhe kwamatayitela, ungakwazi ukuphazamisa intengo zabo, ngaleyo ndlela-ke ngeke ukwazi ukuthengisa izibopho ngaphezulu, okulingana yokuwa komnotho.

Kodwa siyaziqhenya lutho ekhethekile - share Russia sika 5% kuphela ezikweletini US.

Ngo-2014, Central Bank of the Russian Federation, esikhathini lwezijeziso ngokumelene kwemikhakha ethile emnothweni isiRashiya, aphonswe emakethe cishe 2/3 US izibopho kahulumeni. Enye inguqulo senzo - ngomzamo ukuceka uhlelo lwezimali American. Kodwa Russia akuyona China, lapho ingxenye yabo bonke izikweletu kwezilwandle. China isu ngokwanele ukuthi Bazophuma cabanga yokusetha kabusha US amafa njengoba siqala yokugcina ukwethuka ezimakethe lwemali.

isiphetho

It ingafingqwa, ethi nokutshala izimali ezinhlelweni US uhulumeni izibopho, ezikhishwe Russian kusukela ezihlukahlukene izinzuzo:

1. Sekela kazwelonke exchange rate.
2. Inikeza ruble zezimali ukuhweba izibuya.
3. Ukuqhubeka.
4. Uzama ukuthenga asizakale zezombusazwe.