Intengo Inkomba - kuyisisekelo inhlalakahle ukuhlolwa. Umlando ekutfutfukiseni imibono, izinhlobo, futhi izici ukubala

Intengo Inkomba - index kwesamba ephawula ukubaluleka emakethe eqenjini elithile kwezimpahla noma amasevisi ngaphakathi endaweni ethize phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi. izindleko ophilayo isici ephawula isimo emnothweni kazwelonke. Lokhu okuthiwa jikelele intengo Inkomba. Iyincane e ububanzi izinkomba ukusiza amabhizinisi benze izinqumo mayelana imali. Zonke lezi zici kubalwa yizinhlangano zikazwelonke lezibalo uthi eziningi zalezi zinsuku, kuhlanganise Federal State Izibalo Izikhungo. Umthengi Price Index - edume kakhulu kubo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola umlando lo mqondo, izinhlobo izinkomba, ukubala kanye isicelo izici zabo.

kwencazelo imiqondo

Price Index - yezibalo ngenzuzo. Isetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa Dynamics inani lemakethe amaqembu kwezimpahla namasevisi ngesikhathi nendawo womhlaba. Izindlela kokubala inkomba iqala nge Ukukhetha futhi ukukhethwa isampula elimela ifomula. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko indices: i deflator GDP, umthengi kanye namanani ezimbonini.

Umlando we umqondo

Phakathi zezomnotho kungekho ukuvumelana ngokuthi abenyukela intengo uhlu lokuqala. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba ongoti abasebenza kulo mkhakha, okuningi. Abaningi babhekisela eminyakeni ekutadisheni Raysa Vogana "Inkulumo zemali kanye ayenza lezi zinhlamvu." Umsebenzi wakhe yanyatheliswa ngo-1675. Umbhali bangathanda ukuhlukanisa umthelela inflation ka ukuthutheleka amatshe ayigugu avela eMelika Spain emiphumeleni sokuthotshiswa. Vaughan kuqhathaniswa ngezimiso zabasebenzi isikhathi yayo kanye inkathi Edward III, lapho amazinga inkokhelo ngehora aye isilungisiwe. Wales zezomnotho bakholelwa ukuthi kungase kube ngubani kubo kungenzeka ukuthenga cishe isethi efanayo izimpahla. Vaughan Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi izinga amanani e-UK kule minyaka eyikhulu eyedlule liye landa ngamaphesenti izikhathi 6-8. Nokho, it is hhayi ngqo ibalwa izinga lokukhula.

Intengo yokuqala Inkomba iye libalwe Economist oyiNgisi uWilliam Fleetwood e 1707. Ngasondela Oxford umfundi angase alahlekelwe umfundaze ngenxa yokuthi ngenzuzo yayo yonyaka kumakhilogremu angu engaphezu kwemihlanu. Lokhu kwenziwa ilungiselelo ngekhulu le-15. Sphere izintshisekelo Fleetwood kuhlanganisiwe izinguquko intengo, ngakho-ke uma kulahlwa at kwaba omningi ngolwazi lwezibalo inkinga. Akabanga ukuthi esikhathini esidlule 260 iminyaka, ukubaluleka omina abayisihlanu ishintshile kakhulu. ayekutholile, wanyathelisa ngokungaziwa kodwa ucwaningo akhe kwasiza kakhulu Oxford abafundi.

Laspeyres

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngoba abantu abaningi iyona rise in amanani umthengi, okuyinto ephawula kwamandla emali. Le nkomba kusekelwe ubhasikidi fixed kwezimpahla namasevisi. He is uhlobo Inkomba Laspeyres, njengoba lisetshenziswe ekubaleni intengo ngonyaka isizinda. Ake Q ₀ - base ezingeni yokukhululwa. Kungase kube lemali edingekile kwezimpahla e kubhasikidi umthengi. A P ₀ no-P ₁ - intengo amazinga e-base futhi esikhathini samanje. Khona-ke ifomula index intengo umthengi (CPI) kuyoba kanje: Σ (Q x P ₀ ¹⁾ Σ (Q P ₀ x _0). Inkinga eyinhloko ngokusebenzisa le nkomba wukuthi akuthathi bangeniswa izinguquko akhawunti isakhiwo izindleko. Iveza kuphela umphumela imali, ukukuziba lokho kungenzeka of esikhundleni. Ngakho-ke, i-index intengo umthengi ngokuvamile inikeza izinga overvalued emali uma ukukhula intengo kanye bengahlonishwa - njengoba bewa.

GDP deflator

Enye inkomba, okuyinto ephawula yesimo sezomnotho, kuyinto Inkomba Paasche. Yena ngokusekelwe isikhathi ngasinye esisha kubhasikidi umthengi noma ukukhululwa ezingeni. Ake Q ₀ no Q ₁ - okukhipha e base futhi esikhathini samanje, futhi P ₀ no-P ₁ - elihambisana isikhathi idatha ozimele amazinga intengo. Khona-ke deflator GDP ifomula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: GDPdeflator = Σ (Q ₁ x P ₁₎ Σ (Q ₀ x P _0). Le nkomba kungabuye ibalwa sokuhlukanisa okuzisholo umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene the real. Inkinga eyinhloko nale inkomba ukuthi ngokuvamile oyithatha kalula izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali lapho Inkomba intengo umthengi inikeza ngaphezu kwentengo yayo isici, okungukuthi, begodu kukhula amanani.

Inani isilinganiso

Ngomuso, ukuze kulungiswe amaphutha esivela odlule izibalo ezimbili, laqanjwa ngomunye Inkomba intengo. Kungenze Economist American Irving Fisher. Wasikisela ukubala weJiyomethri kusho inani, okungukuthi, impande skwele umkhiqizo Laspeyres futhi Paasche.

Rosstat: Umthengi Price Index

Ngokusho Federal State Izibalo Izikhungo, isimo somnotho isiqala level off. Ngo-January 2016, amanani umthengi kukhuphuke ngo-9.8% ngenyanga efanayo 2015 ukukhula kwabo kwaba 12.9%. Ngaphansi kuka babengamaphesenti kuphela ngo-November 2014. Ngokwesilinganiso, CPI eRussia zaba 137,42% esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini ukuzimela. I aphansi kwaba ngo-April 2012 - 3.6%. Record amanani aphezulu Inkomba, Rosstat eqoshiwe ngoDisemba ka-1992 - 2333.3%. Lapho kubalwa le nkomba Rosstat uyazicabangela lezo zigaba: ukudla non-utshwala iziphuzo (30%), ezokuthutha (14%), izingubo nezicathulo (11%), nezintela (11%) kanye nezokungcebeleka (6%) .