Kanjani ukubala nekuniketwa? Ngemitfombolusito Russia nase-United States. Nekuniketwa - ke ...

Igama elithi "nekuniketwa" lalisetshenziselwa ngokuqondene ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza ezimbonini kanye nokwenyuka kwenani izidingo labantu e-amandla, amanzi kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa kucutshungulwe futhi ukuguqulwa ku izinto ezihlukahlukene impahla.

Kuchazwa isisetshenziswa ukunikezela

Nekuniketwa - nesihlobo bobukhulu ngaphakathi kwezinombolo ukubaluleka kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nobukhulu ukusetshenziswa yabo. Umqondo kwemithombo yemvelo ubheke lezo zakhi bemvelo ezisetshenzisiwe noma ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezehlukene umuntu. Owokugcina zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kugcwele i ukwanda ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili abasemhlabeni nezwe zokukhiqiza kwezenhlalo kanye impumelelo ubuchwepheshe yesayensi yanamuhla kunemtselela ziyanda imvelo. Njengoba ukufunwa eseminyaka izinto zokusetshenziswa njalo anda, futhi kuya kuba inkinga ngokuya ophuthumayo ukuxhashazwa okunengqondo nababonelelayo kwemithombo yemvelo.

Ukwahlukaniswa jikelele kwemithombo yomhlaba

Izinto ezingokwemvelo kungenziwa ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka criteria ehlukahlukene. Esiyinhloko esenza kubhekwa ngezigaba esekelwe umnotho nesisekelo, owawuthi bahlukene ku:

• umhlaba;
• namahlathi;
• amanzi;
• begazi;
• amaminerali kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa;
• amandla;
• sezulu.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo imithombo Ukuwohloka

Yonke imithombo yemvelo zihlukaniswe ongashi kanye exhaustible. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa amanzi sezulu imithombo. ingcebo yemvelo Exhaustible ziyancipha ekusebenziseni kwabo; Iningi awela leli qembu izinsiza eMhlabeni. Enye impahla ebalulekile imithombo exhaustible kuyinto renewability yayo. bahlukene yilo uphawu ku:

• ukuyithola (amahlathi, izitshalo, izilwane, njll ...);
• non-ivuselelwe (izidubedube).

Ngenxa zigcine elilinganiselwe izinsiza awapheli, namuhla amehlo okwandisa ikhokhelwa ukusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe isisetshenziswa osindisa futhi ehlukile imithombo energy.

Kanjani ukubala nekuniketwa

Nekuniketwa ngokuvamile esashiwo inani leminyaka okuyiwona abathengi zinikezwa uhlobo oluthile imithombo. Kulolu hlu iqukethe imininingwane ebalulekile ukuhlelela ukusetshenziswa ikusasa lalabo noma eminye imithombo yemvelo. Nokho, Ukuhlolwa isisetshenziswa ukunikezela kwezinsiza ukuyithola, esashiwo lihlela isilinganiso phakathi kwama izinqolobane zabo kanye nenani ezibangelwa lengenako. Ngakho zaba update yabo. Njengoba cishe zonke izinhlobo izinsiza kukhona impahla eluhlaza for izimboni ezahlukene, welithi "nekuniketwa" has a ukubaluleka kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho.

Indlela ukuhlola nekuniketwa?

Ukuhlolwa isisetshenziswa ukunikezela yezwe wenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Indlela yokuqala isebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo:

• F = W / D lapho

P - nekuniketwa eminyakeni 3 - inani yokusungula, M - ukukhiqizwa umthamo.

Ngale ndlela kulinganiselwa nokutholakala kwezinsiza ngesisekelo ukusetshenziswa yabo yonyaka.

Ngo indlela yesibili, ukubala wenziwa ngokuvumelana formula:

• P = D / H, lapho

P - nekuniketwa eminyakeni 3 - inani yokusungula, N - labantu.

Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola kokuphumelela ezivuselelekayo.

Resource supply Inkomba ibalwa maqondana iphuzu esithile futhi ingahluka.

Inani

Distribution kwemithombo yemvelo emhlabeni ngenxa izici zomhlaba kwetinhlavu amazwekazi. izinqolobane zabo zithinta izinga imithombo supply izwe noma endaweni ethize zomhlaba. Nekuniketwa - isici esisodwa esiyinhloko ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa umnotho ngendlela isiqondiso esithile. Ngesikhathi esemhlabeni azikho izindawo zinezikhathi ukuntuleka ngokuphelele kwezinsiza. Ukuba khona, isibonelo, amandla kunenzuzo kakhulu okungaphezu nje, isibonelo, isihlabathi. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi izwe kwemtfombo Ompofu futhi awusona ubumpofu. Isibonelo kungaba Japan, okuyinto eye antulayo, kodwa ingenye amazwe amaningi ngenxa ukutholakala dolobha, labantu umthamo ukusebenza kanye nokwethulwa ubuchwepheshe besimanje.

Distribution kwemithombo yemvelo emhlabeni

Ingcebo yemvelo yomhlaba Ukuboshelwa kakhulu zisakazwe, hhayi kuphela maqondana amazwekazi, kodwa futhi lamazwe ngamanye. Kuye isipho yayo imithombo yezwe zihlukaniswe zibe:

1. Benawo izinqolobane ocebile kwezinsiza ahlukahlukene - lezi zihlanganisa Russia, e-US nase-China, okuyinto cishe ngokuphelele owenziwa ngibo. Leli qembu sihlanganisa India, e-Australia, Brazil, eNingizimu Afrika nase-Canada, labanalokuncane, uma iqhathaniswa naso amazwe ezintathu zokuqala, kodwa ngempela ezihlukahlukene ocebile imithombo.
2. isilinganiso isisetshenziswa supply wezwe - empeleni, leli qembu kuhlanganisa uthi iningi. Ngokuvamile, la mazwe anenombolo isilinganiso ezithile kwezinsiza, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo kungukuthi emelelwa.
3. amazwe ezikhethekile ukuthi zinikwe inkululeko inothile yiluphi uhlobo omunye wemithombo ebaluleke. Isibonelo salokhu i-Saudi Arabia, okuyinto umkhiqizi elikhulu uwoyela emhlabeni.

Ukwahlukaniswa iphethini kungabonwa ngokucacile phakathi endaweni insimu ka esimweni esithile kanye nenani izinsiza ezikhona kubo. Ngemitfombolusito izifunda zomhlaba futhi izwe ngalinye incike Nokho, hhayi kuphela kwi-ubukhulu esitokisini, kodwa futhi kulesi silinganiso ukuhlola, ukuthuthukiswa kanye resource isizinda. Ngakho, Saudi Arabia kungokwalabo entendeni ngokuya umkhiqizo kawoyela, kodwa ngokuya isisetshenziswa unikeze lezi izinto zokusetshenziswa lifaka wokuqala Iraq. Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa neMpi Gulf ngo-90s kanye nomsebenzi okwalandela eKuwait ngo Iraq kuleli zwe zabekwa unswinyo ngamazwe, futhi manje Iraq ayinakho quota ku umkhiqizo kawoyela.

ezingaba Yemvelo Russia

Isamba kwemithombo yemvelo engasetshenziswa emnothweni wezwe ubizwa ngokuthi yemvelo isisetshenziswa ezingaba khona. Umthamo inani yinani lwezinhlobo ngabanye kwezinsiza nekhono.

kwemithombo yemvelo Russian kuhluke izinqolobane eside futhi ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ukusatshalaliswa engalingani ezweni lonke. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuntuleka kokuhlolisisa kohlobo oluthile imithombo etholakala ezindaweni ezigqagqene ne kwezimo ezingezinhle zezulu. Ukuze izindawo zaziwa kahle kakhulu futhi ithuthukiswe libhekene Ukuwohloka amasheya ekhona.

Ngokwazi Russia izinsiza?

Nekuniketwa - lihlela isilinganiso phakathi kwama imithombo imithombo ivolumu sokukhiqizwa kwayo. Ngesisekelo ezingaba waseRussia yezimboni isisetshenziswa yayo isipho. Izwe esibalwa phakathi kwamazwe, bangazihluphi ngokuthola isikhundla okuholela emkhakheni ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa izidubedube. Kodwa kuze kufike kwekutfunywa ukuthuthukiswa Russia? Ukuze izwe libhekene ukukhiqizwa kanye ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke amandla ezinkulu oyinhloko (amalahle, irhasi yemvelo nezinye uwoyela). I share ngobukhulu zigcine kukhona amalahle, indawo yesibili kuhlala igesi yemvelo kunabo bonke lapha sikawoyela. Lobu buhlobo kusebenza futhi isimo emhlabeni wonke, futhi esikhathini esizayo, njengoba Ukuwohloka esitokisini, kudingeka ufune okukhethwa kukho esikhundleni kulezi umdlalo.

Okwesibili enenjongo zenzeke emva amaminerali amandla ore nezinsimbi. IRussia ngobuningi kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela emhlabeni nsimbi, kanye namanani abalulekile zethusi, nickel, titanium imikhando, ithini, tungsten nezinye izinsimbi. Okubalulekile ukuze emnothweni wezwe kukhona ezifakwa of amatshe ayigugu kanye idayimane. Ngo ivolumu yabo ukukhiqiza, Russia lifaka yesibili ngemva eNingizimu Afrika. Izwe ungumholi e isibalo izingodo izinsiza kanye Isikhwama umhlaba. Ngokusekelwe izintwana ezingenhla kusikisela iziphetho eziningana:

1. Amandla nekuniketwa - lena enye yezinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu eRussia. Lezi zinsiza ikakhulukazi bagxila kule empumalanga.
2. Kunomehluko evelele phakathi zokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza ezingxenyeni zasentshonalanga nasenyakatho esisempumalanga yezwe. Ukuze ingxenye yaso esentshonalanga libhekene predominance imali izinhlobo ezahlukene ore; liphinde ingxenye enkulu umhlaba wokulima.

Usayizi ingqikithi bezikhali esitokisini, ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo nobunjalo yokuhlala Site bafundzi bakhone kutfutfukisa onkhe imikhakha yezomnotho nokuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe umnotho ezindaweni ezithile kwezomnotho.

US nekuniketwa

Ukuze izwe libhekene ukwehluka kwezimo zemvelo kanye nezinhlobo imithombo. Njengoba inzuzo kufanele kuphawulwe izimo esihle Agro-zezulu - United States, unendawo enkulu lapho ihlathi imithombo, izindawo ezinkulu emhlabeni omnyama sezulu esipholile. US, efana eRussia, liphakathi abaholi ngokuya izinqolobane, zokubasa amaminerali - ezweni ezibekwe mayelana 25% kwamalahle ezifakwa emhlabeni kanye nezwe iwela amazwe okuyishumi okuphezulu uwoyela negesi izinqolobane. Ezinye izinhlobo izinsiza-United States inenani izinto eziningi ezinkulu, kukhona yensimbi netshe, imikhando ngezinto nonferrous futhi eziyigugu, i-uranium, zikasawoti. izwe Water kuvikelwe ngokwanele, kodwa Ukuboshelwa basakaza insimu yalo. Naphezu kokuhlukahluka ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, womabili la mazwe abe ukungenisa ezithile amaminerali ngenxa ukungabikho yabo noma ubuningi enganele.