"Isilonda" - a term isikhathi yezinguquko Stolypin sika. Inani ukusikeka ipulazi Russia

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-XX leminyaka, emikhulu ongumlimi nokuvukela eMbusweni Russian ophoqelelwe neziphathimandla ukufuna izixazululo inkinga nezokulima kuleli zwe. Elibanzi kungenzeka babe izindlela ezimbili nokuletha uguquko kwezolimo. Indlela yokuqala kwaholela kulondolozwe izigodi lawela nokubhujiswa umphakathi ongumlimi. Indlela yesibili kwaholela ukwesulwa izigodi lawela futhi ukusungulwa kwezwe. Phakathi ukuqaliswa kwenarha kwavela welithi "cut." Leli gama ngaphambilini ezingavamile enkulumweni, kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu, inani layo laziwe kubo bonke amapulazi Empire.

Stolypin kabusha

Congress Zonke-Russian yezikhulu United zafaka umfutho ukuqaliswa ngendlela yokuqala kabusha kwemhlaba. Ikhumbula kwesiphetho kokufa ubudala ongumlimi kuyindlela yokuphila, uhulumeni wanquma ukuzinika ku futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe ezweni ongumlimi nesiqephu sezwe esisodwa, ezweni abanikazi bamazwe ezinkulu abephule. Izinguquko eyenziwa ngaphansi kobuholi UNdunankulu P. Stolypin, futhi ngokushesha uvele on kokuzwa igama "ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha Stolypin sika." Novemba 3, 1905 wethulwa Manifesto bobukhosi, owawuthi inkokhelo wokuhlengwa kukhanseliwe futhi babuyele emasimini phathelana ngokuphelele okungewakho umlinyana. Ngakho kwaba khona kungenzeka ukwakha komhlaba Holdings ukusika. Leli gama livela ekuqaleni 1906 futhi iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo kuze uguquko 1917 ngonyaka. Lo mqondo lisuselwa "nquma ',' wanqunywa '- ngakho esibizwa kazwelonke imvelo division bezwe phakathi amapulazi.

Igama elithi "usike 'kubhekisela esenzakalweni esiyisimangaliso ingxenye ehlukile ezikhethiwe ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba umphakathi ukusetshenziswa yangasese umlimi.

kwenkululeko siqu

Bekanye division of the izindawo zomphakathi, kwanqunywa ukuba axoshe abampofu ongumlimi amapulazi ku emazweni abekelwe emaceleni of the Empire, Russian. Ngenxa abantukazana ngaphansi tsars kwadingeka amalungelo aphelele kanye nenkululeko, umbuzo kokuhlanganiswa bale ekilasini inkululeko ukunyakaza. Mashi 10, 1906 Isimo uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe anikezwe abalimi nenkululeko ukhetho lokuhlala, ikwazi ukuhamba ngenkululeko, ukwesulwa passport "imithetho eqine" kanye zokulinganiswa ka abantukazana e amalungelo akhe civil namanye amakilasi. Ngakho, ongumlimi kungashiya kumphakathi ukuze uthole izwe libe ubunikazi yangasese - Imi. Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ngisho nasezindaweni lapho le nhlabathi evundile kwakunganele - ngakho ukunquma futhi indaba yokungathathi-Izindawo emaphethelweni umbuso.

Khutornoi umnotho

imizi Iningana ngabanikazi bomhlaba ngabanye kwakheka ipulazi. Njengomthetho, kwaphakama isiphetho ezincane ezinjalo ezindaweni ezisanda yayinqoba of Russia tsarist, lapho ohlanganyelwe bomhlaba akuyona wayekwenza noma ayitholanga ukusakazwa. Ipulazi futhi bran luyisibonakaliso yisakhiwo sodumo wezinguquko Stolypin sika, yayihloselwe le kabusha abantukazana emapulazini amancane imodeli Prussian.

I kokuphothula Stolypin kwekuhlela kabusha kuvimbe Okthoba Revolution. Kusukela ngesikhathi ezafika ngaso wakhe, amazwi abaningi balahlekelwe incazelo yabo, kuhlanganise "cut." Lo mqondo ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo emva kokushicilelwa Isinqumo ku Land, esisayinwe VI Lenin.