Asiriya - ayini? Isiko, inkolo, umlando

Abantu yeAsiriya ine isiko ezithakazelisayo futhi ifa elikhulu zomlando ukuthi iyagcinwa amakhulu amaningi eminyaka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimo Asiriya abuyela ngekhulu lesithupha BC, isizwe iyaqhubeka nokuba khona nokuthuthukisa. Akungatshazwa ukuthi lokhu, lo mkhuba ufanelwe watshela, futhi abantu bazi ngakho. Asiriya - ayini? Phendula lo mbuzo akulula kangako, kodwa sizozama ukukwenza kule athikili.

Umlando isimo-Asiriya

Lo mbuso yase-Asiriya yaphela khona yayo 612, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lesi sizwe, okuthiwa ama-Asiriya, ophilayo ngaphandle kokuba nesimo sabo siqu. Uma sikhuluma lenkaba komlando uhlanga, itholakala kwi insimu yase-Aramu Naharayimi (manje Iraq). Omunye nje lokho kuye kwenziwa imizamo ngabantu yase-Asiriya, ukuba sigxilise, musa ahlakaze emhlabeni wonke, hhayi ukuthi zinyamalale kusukela ibalazwe kazwelonke. Benze - Abantu Asiriya ophilayo manje eCaucasus, Tatarstan, Iraq, Turkey, e-United States futhi igcina sisondelene nomunye.

UmAsiriya - ubuzwe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ummeleli wabantu abakwazi ibe ubuzwe yase-Asiriya, ngoba leli lizwe ayisekho namuhla.

Isiko-Asiriya ubuzwe

Isiko, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku babelokhu-Asiriya, wazalwa futhi usebenza ngesikhathi lapho impucuko kwabantu kwakukukhulu at ngomsuka wayo. Lo mbuso yase-Asiriya eyathatha iminyaka ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezimbili, kwase kwakhiwe lezi edolobheni, dala ingqalasizinda nokuphathwa esebenza intela. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu amasiko ezinonileyo emhlabeni, ngoba osekukade isipiliyoni. impumelelo abaningi ukuthi sisebenzisa, baze noma asivulela, abantu zanamuhla, kwabase-Asiriya lasendulo.

lokubhala

ngokukhethekile kufanele Asiriya ebhaliwe. Zonke ulwazi ngokuphila usiko isikhathi esintwini kuqeda ezibhebheni zobumba. Ekuqaleni asetshenziswa pictography (izinto isithombe, ifomu yabo zangaphandle). Njengoba imidwebo njengendlela yokuxhumana kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, i ngokuya lula, kodwa hhayi yaphenduka-cuneiform. Uyinki yamandulo wakhuthaza ubumba, kodwa ithuluzi lokubhala - induku abukhali, planed izinkuni.

Tiles, lapho abase-Asiriya lasendulo wabhala ngabo nezwe elibazungezile, bese omisiwe wadubula okucashunwe ayitsintseki umswakama noma nini.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi isikole babukhona nakwa-Asiriya. Phakathi kumbiwa amaphilisi atholakele, okwakubekelwa iyibhulogi "ithuluzi abafundi nokufundisa." Ukuze ukufunda iskripthi efanayo yanikezwa iminyaka emine. Kamuva sathola ukuthi ngisho enyuvesi eseMesophothamiya, cishe kuqala ngesintu. It wafunda ukubhala, lolimi nokudweba. Ngeshwa, izimpawu ngomsebenzi wesikole futhi izinkulumo ungazange lalondolozwa. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi tile babephathwa ngezandla Clumsy. Futhi ekugcineni ukudukiswa, hhayi kulo muzi omaphakathi ukuze kolwazi lwethu esiyingqayizivele mayelana izindlela zokufundisa.

Yiluphi ulimi olukhulunywa Asiriya?

Isi-Asiriya inhlanganisela Eastern nesiAramu zezigodi okuyinto etymologically kungokwalabo umndeni ezilimi-Afro-Asiatic. Kulesi ulimi olukhulunywa-Asiriya abahlala e-Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria, kodwa nezifiki hhayi kuphela endaweni Russia, e-United States. ulimi Literary-Asiriya kwamiswa yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. It yanyatheliswa futhi enyatheliswa yi-cindezela, izincwadi. In ulimi enezimpande amazwi abaningi bezinye izizwe.

Asiriya Engaqondakali: inkolo nokholo

Qala indaba inkolo yase-Asiriya kunengqondo enganekwaneni waseBhayibhelini. Wakhe yazise futhi idumise-Asiriya. Inkolo nendawo udumo, ngakho indaba kubo bonke abantu ezaziwayo. Ingqikithi ke ukuthi omunye kungenzeka ukuthi ababhula ngezinkanyezi, owafika usana olunguJesu ngezipho, kwaba ngobuzwe-Asiriya. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uMesiya empeleni yazalwa ezweni, i-bili phinda akhe ntu futhi nezindaba ezinhle ukuthi wadala simangaliso, futhi umsindisi azalelwe zonke ekhaya.

inkolo yase-Asiriya inguqulo okhethekile ubuKristu ngokuthi likaNestoria. Yileyo indlela abase-Asiriya bakholwe. Bangobani ngokholo? Okuningi lesifanele ukubabiza amaKristu, kodwa ekhethekile.

Ukuvela of the Abalandeli behlelo likaNestorius

Kube isiqondiso zenkolo cishe ngekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka. Umsunguli ubhekwa indela okuthiwa Nestor futhi kamuva Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople. Iposi bekatsatsa iminyaka emine, kusukela 428 unyaka 431. Ngokuphathelene Abalandeli behlelo likaNestorius njengenkolo, it is ukuyichaza izici eziningi isifundiso Arius. Khumbula ukholo lwezinceku Arius inqatshelwe njengoba baqede yi Okokuqala WamaSonto Council ngo-325, kusukela ngo-Wawenqaba umqondo kaJesu wokuba isithunywa sikaNkulunkulu. Yiqiniso, likaNestoria has umehluko eziningi bagomele, okungukuthi, ukubeka likaJesu Kristu kungasi ngendlela uZimu egade (NobuKristu) hhayi njengomuntu (Aria), kodwa eyisidalwa, eyayintula bomuntu noNkulunkulu ngaphakathi. Okukhathazayo ukuthi uJesu Kristu kwaba ukuqala ezimbili: waphezulu futhi womuntu, futhi kalula kungenziwa bahlukana.

Mayelana abahambisani nemibono enjalo yemvelo likaJesu Kristu, ngesikhathi Abalandeli behlelo likaNestorius iphathwa ngenye futhi umfanekiso unina kaNkulunkulu. Ibizwa ngokuthi Hristoroditsey cha khonza njengoba benze Orthodox. Ngokuphathelene amasakramente, baye Abalandeli behlelo likaNestorius bukhomba nobhapathizo bendabuko, ubupristi, wenhlanganyelo, ukuphenduka. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu, imfihlakalo kule ukholo ezibhekwa imvubelo ongcwele futhi uphawu lwesiphambano.

Isonto-Asiriya uyawuthanda zaso Thaddeus noMarku Evangelist okulotshwe ngami ayezidinga eJerusalema. Ukukhulekela okwenziwa ku starosiriyskom ulimi. Icons kanye eziqoshiwe emelela abangcwele akuzona izakhi saziso emabandleni. Abapristi ukungashadi singanikezwanga, umAsiriya Church Lisikisela ukushada ngisho nangemva ukugcotshwa.

ushushiso

Esigabeni sesitsatfu WamaSonto Council Nestorianism wahlupheka isiphetho efanayo edabukisayo njengoba ukholo lwezinceku Arius - watholakala uyimbuka. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Abalandeli behlelo likaNestorius imiphakathi ehlala, izinhloko zazo neyaziwayo WAMAKATOLIKA-Lezinzalamizi. Ngo-1968, imfundiso ahlukaniselwe ezikoleni ezimbili, okuyinto eceleni khona kuze kube yilolu suku. Isikole sokuqala - umAsiriya Church, maphakathi okuyinto, okumangalisayo lisasesimweni US Illinois. Eyesibili, okuthiwa Church oMdala eMpumalanga, bazinza Baghdad (Iraq).

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili:-Asiriya, bangobani namuhla?

Ukuze uye endaweni Russian yase-Asiriya laqala ngemva 1918 lapho sekumcacela: eTurkey bamane ubhujiswe. I reception behlela ngempela efudumele, okwakumele ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu e kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ohlangothini ibutho Russian. Ngokuvamile, ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili kwaba zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho ngokuba Asiriya, ababaziwa kabili ebandakanyeke impi ukuhlukumezana abaseTurkey. Nakuba abaningi base-Asiriya lase okuphiniwe amathemba ku Russia njengoba ungumsindisi kwamaKristu East ejokeni, ngisho nokubhujiswa ngokuphelele. Bakhandwa wathembisa ukuzimela futhi amandla ezibanzi, kodwa lapho kuphela impi, isidingo ukuthi uyozifeza izithembiso kakhulu egqwalile ubala.

Cishe isigamu yase-Asiriya abahlala uMbuso isiRashiya, wabulawa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ikota wahlushwa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu emashumini eminyaka ambalwa kamuva. Khona-ke iMpi Yezwe II wangena 1941 ensimini ka-Russia, futhi wabulala Asiriya abaningi ngubani nganhliziyonye bezinye izizwe ngokumelene nalo balwa wobushiqela. Futhi ekugcineni, ukuxoshwa Asiriya eSiberia ngo-1949 kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabo bonke abantu abafudukayo kwabulawa ebusika obulandelayo ngenxa ukungabikho kwezembatho ezifudumele.

Ngo-1956, zazivunyelwa ukuba ubuyele eCaucasus, ezweni lakubo. Lapho abase-Asiriya baphile kuze kube yilolu suku. bangobani ezifana? Kungani uhlala e Tatarstan, eCaucasus, Iraq, Turkey ne-United States? Indawo wabaleka, futhi kungani? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo banikwa umlando, manje uyazi labo abalifundayo.