Duchess Maria Volkonskaia: Biography, izithombe, neminyaka yokuphila

umlando Russian igcwele abesifazane emangalisayo, esimagama kwakungafanele kuphela emakhasini izincwadi isidina, kodwa futhi inkumbulo yabantu. Omunye wabo - Mary Volkonskaia. She - the umzukulu M. V Lomonosova, indodakazi hero impi ye-1812 kanye umfazi Decembrist.

Duchess Maria Volkonskaia: Biography emfushane

6 Januwari 1807 ngesikhathi Jikelele Nikolaya Raevskogo nomkakhe UZandile indodakazi Masha. Umndeni wawumkhulu (izingane eziyisithupha) futhi banobungane, naphezu sengqondo kumama nobukhali kayise. Odade wayethanda ukudlala umculo, noMariya wahlabelela ngobuhle, futhi endlini zazivame ukuhanjwa izivakashi. Kubandakanya A. S. Pushkin ukuthi ngisho isikhathi esithile waba uthandana Masha elishumi elinamithandathu.

Winter 1825 Mary washada wayokulwa oneminyaka engu-37 ubudala e-Prince Sergeya Volkonskogo. Futhi kungabi ngenxa yothando, kodwa hhayi ngamandla.

Nge umyeni njalo umatasa asivamile ukubonwa, izibulo lakhe wabeletha kude umyeni wakhe. Futhi iqhaza isikhulu kulolo zungu wathola emva tulo labhuntsha. Ngemuva kwesivivinyo yomyeni wakhe Maria Volkonskaia wathola imvume ukumlandela eSiberia. Lesi senzo kwakungenzekanga umndeni wakhe, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho noyise engemuva yomkhumbi wamphatha ukuqonda.

Maria Nikolaevna Ukuhambisana umyeni wakhe ejele ezahlukene, ohleli Blagodatnoye emayini Chita ku Petrovsky ifektri e-Irkutsk, walahlekelwa kulezi Ukuzula izingane eziningana.

Wakhulela emkhayeni echumayo singacebile, Princess Maria Volkonsky Decembrist unkosikazi, ngesibindi wakhuthazelela ubunzima bokuphila iziboshwa, akakaze akhononde, balondoloza nkosikazi ekukhuliseni izingane. Labo abasinda.

iminyaka engu-30 ayichitha nomyeni wakhe eSiberia abese ebuyela ekhaya kuphela ngo-1855. Ngo-1863 uMaria Nikolaevna wafa yisifo senhliziyo ifa indodakazi yakhe edolobhaneni funnels, futhi ngemva konyaka eceleni kwakhe wangcwatshwa nomyeni wakhe.

Uhlamvu, efana steel

Princess Maria Volkonsky - omunye ngabanye eziqine futhi iqine ngubani, ngisho kuwo wonke amakhulu eminyaka akusoze kwakhawuka sokujabulisa futhi ugqozi nenhlonipho. It is zihlukaniswa ubunjalo intando eqinile nesifiso ukulandela kwezifiso zawo, musa bathambekele lutho.

Emandleni zokugcina, ngaphansi ephikweni ubaba likayise eliqinile kodwa okhathalelayo nonothando, Maria Nikolaevna, ukuthola ngokwabo ezimweni ezithile, hhayi esikhundleni, akazange amlandele umbono zezwe futhi intando bomdabu.

Njengoba yayazi ukuboshwa umyeni wakhe, nje wasimama ukuzalwa nzima Maria categorically wamlahla isiphakamiso sokuqeda umshado zikababa isikhulu waya Petersburg, uzakubona umyeni wakhe. Lokhu kuvikela zonke izihlobo zakhe, futhi izincwadi kumyeni wakhe kuphazanyisiwe futhi ivulekile. Izikhathi eziningana umfowabo u-Alexander ayezama ukuba amthathe kude Petersburg, kodwa washiya Volkonskaia kuphela uma indodana iyagula.

Futhi ngemva kokuba isivivinyo, lapho Prince Volkonsky wagwetshwa odingisiwe ukufukuziswa Mary uphendulela enkosini umvumele ukuhamba nomyeni wakhe. Lapho kukhishwa imvume, ke awumdikibalisanga izinsongo noma uyise noma unina isiqalekiso. Ukushiya ingane yakhe yokuqala ku-umthetho, Volkonskaia waya eSiberia.

Kwaba umzabalazo wangempela, okwaholela intombazane eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, ilungelo ukuba nomyeni wakhe hhayi kuphela injabulo kodwa usizi. Yilokho kanye uMaria Nikolaevna iwine le mpi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wakuyeka, ngisho kunina azange abhale wakhe umugqa eSiberia. Futhi uma Nikolay Raevsky ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe ngakwazi ukuqonda indodakazi yakhe isenzo, ukuthi unina neze wamthethelela.

"Ngo-ekujuleni imikhando laseSiberia ..."

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ungakwazi lihamba amakhulu amakhilomitha ebusika etendeni. yezihambi Kodwa Volkonskaya hhayi wethukile noma kubanda, noma usizi, noma ukudla okungenamsoco, izinsongo Tseydlera Governor Irkutsk. Futhi lokho uhlobo nomyeni wakhe e-ijazi Ragged uzamazamisa ngamaketanga, Maria Nikolaevna ku ngiyibona ezingokomoya uwela emadolweni akhe wabe aqabule emaketangeni ezinyaweni zakhe.

Ngaphambili Volkonskaya eSiberia nomyeni wakhe wafika Ekaterina Trubetskaya, owaba Mary nomngani omdala nomngane. Bese laba ababili besifazane bajoyinwa abanye abafazi 9 we Decembrists.

Akubona bonke of them were abazalwa yizicukuthwane, kodwa wahlala amicably kakhulu, futhi noblewoman wafunda ngokulangazela kusukela prostolyudinok Ukuhlakanipha kwezwe, ngoba ngokuvamile abazi indlela eyisisekelo kunazo - isinkwa noma ukwenza isobho. Bese kanjani ujabule omkawo Decembrists isiphuzo, okuyinto sekuqala ukufudumala futhi zigcinwe ukushisa umphefumulo salaba bantu besifazane.

Esikhathini yamuva Aristocrat etotoswayo esidlule Maria Volkonskaia ngisho wakwazi ukunqoba uthando abalimi bendawo kanye iziboshwa abavamile, okwasiza, ngokuvamile sihlale imali yokugcina.

Futhi lapho ababethunjiwe bavunyelwa ukuthuthela e-Irkutsk, ikhaya Volkonsky futhi Trubetskoy waba umuntu ongokoqobo isikhungo kwamasiko.

Call of inhliziyo noma ngomyalo wabaholi esikweletini?

Kukhona izihloko nezincwadi eziningi enikelwe lona wesifazane emangalisayo, owayengeyena kuphela kodwa omncane kunathi sonke phakathi kubafazi Decembrists, kodwa futhi ngomunye wabokuqala ababebe nesibindi sokuba ngakho okungavamile ngesikhathi isenzo. Nokho, hhayi kuphela lokhu ezithakazelisayo Maria Volkonskaia, biography engasasetshenziselwa ikhanga abacwaningi.

Kukhona evamile yokuthi Maria Nikolaevna yomyeni wakhe abakuthandi. Futhi Angikwazanga sinothando, ngoba umshado kwaba ngokulambisa ujwayelene ke, bese ngimthumelela unyaka wonke wayehlala isikhulu ekuqineni izinyanga ezintathu, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi akuvamile wayibona.

Yini ke utshelwa Volkonskaya ukuze bahlabele inhlalakahle yabo futhi ekuphileni kwezingane olungakazalwa? ezizwa ebophekile ukuba umyeni wakhe kuphela?

Kukhona elinye futhi iphuzu umbono. Maria Volkonskaia, uma kungekhona walithanda umyeni wakhe okokuqala, inhlonipho ngisho ukuhlonishwa kwakhe wakhula waba uthando. Esikhathini AMAZWI kaShakespeare: "Wakuthanda kuye izokudla ukudla kwayo ..."

A amalungelo kungenzeka usosayensi kwamasiko eyaziwa Lotman, owayekholelwa ukuthi amakhosikazi Decembrists - izintokazi elicwengisiswe owakhulela amanoveli romance futhi waphupha migilingwane egameni uthando - ukuthi obusingethwe ukuphila kwezifiso yothando.

"Diary of Maria Nikolayevna Volkonsky"

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe ekhaya, Princess Volkonsky ekhuluma ngokuphila kwakhe eSiberia ngo "Amanothi". Yalotshwa French futhi ihloselwe kuphela indodana yakhe uMichael.

Ngemva kokufa kukanina ebengalidluliselanga mathintanyawo ukuwashicilela, kodwa namanje lihunyushelwe olimini isiRashiya, ngisho funda izingcaphuno N. A. Nekrasovu. Okufakiwe senziwa imbongi umxhwele kakhulu, waze wakhala ngenkathi kokulalela lokuphila iziboshwa nomkabo.

"Umlando" yashicilelwa 1904 ababenyathelisa endlini engcono Petersburg - ephepheni abizayo nge etchings futhi phototypes.

Ukuhlolwa besikhathi begodu inzalo

Ngu isenzo Decembrists, abanquma ukuba nimelane isiko olungcwele kombuso, ingelapheka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kodwa isenzo 11 kwabafazi babo, yalandela amadoda benecala nesinye naseSiberia esabekayo ngokuqinisekile yinhlonipho.

Kakade ekhulwini XIX, amalungu okuqhubekayo umphakathi endowed laba besifazane cishe halos yabangcwele. N. A. Nekrasov kwaba ke abazinikezele inkondlo yakhe "abesifazane Russian" sokuthandaza, esasibonisa izenzakalo zangempela kuchazwe Mary Volkonskaya.

Ngo XX leminyaka, ngamakhosikazi we Decembrists wabhala izincwadi zesayensi kanye nobuciko, wenza amafilimu, bakha izikhumbuzo, isibonelo, Chita futhi Irkutsk.

Maria Volkonskaia, biography lokubonakala "Amanothi", futhi kuze kube manje uhlala ovelele kakhulu phakathi amakhosikazi Decembrists ngenxa ebusheni bakhe ngalokuyincenye Akumangalisi eqinile.