Kuyini izikhungo microfinance?

Microfinance futhi microfinance izinhlangano kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kube ekuqaleni abantu abadala. Osomabhizinisi abasathomako, ukufinyelela enkulu siyawathola izimali. Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe ngokwengeziwe kuyini izikhungo microfinance.

izici Jikelele

Kwezomnotho, a microfinance ukuqonda ubudlelwane ethize yemali phakathi izinhlangano ukuthi sihlinzeke izinhlelo ezifanele, kanye namabhizinisi amancane ngaphakathi contact siqu ukusondela. Lo msebenzi uhilela ekuqongeleleni amafa, ukuhlinzekwa kohlelo lula. Ithola inhlokodolobha kudingekile ukuthi kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nezimiso kwezinhloso zenzuzo lokukhokha, ukubuyiswa kwemali, esifushane ngokuzethemba. Kusho ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele wachitha ngqo ekuthuthukiseni ibhizinisi ibhizinisi.

Microfinance izikhungo: Izibuyekezo

Lezi zinkampani abaphendukela osomabhizinisi abaningi Ezifuna. Ezimweni zanamuhla ukuqala kabusha kuyinkinga kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube nesidingo ukufuna imithombo eyengeziwe kwezimali. Njengoba osomabhizinisi ngokwabo, izikhungo microfinance yakha ephumelelayo futhi ashukumisayo kakhulu abolekise uhlelo. Izimali ezitholwe vumela okwengeziwe kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa nokusakazwa kwemikhiqizo kanye namasevisi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi osomabhizinisi abasha nethuba hhayi kuphela ukuthola emakethe nakho kudingekile ekwenzeni inzuzo, kodwa futhi ukuze uqale buthelela dolobha.

imisebenzi

izikhungo Microfinance ukunikela nezimo loan izikimu. Letindlela akuvumela ukuba kalula okunqoba izithiyo bese uqale ibhizinisi kusuka ekuqaleni, kungekho ukulingana credit umlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinkampani neqhaza le migomo elandelayo:

1. Ukwanda inani lezitolo zabantu kuleli zwe.
2. intela ezibanjwayo ukukhula.
3. Kumiswa umlando credit ukuxhaswa ngezimali esizayo ngokusebenzisa komkhakha wamabhange.

izinzuzo

izikhungo Microfinance sihlinzeke izinhlelo ukuba osomabhizinisi, ngaphezu ngamabhange. Ngakho, kukhona oluqinisayo abalulekile ohlelweni malini isimo. Ngokuvamile izimo ezihlinzekwa amabhange, kukhona ezimba amabhizinisi. Njengoba enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko kuyinto kudingekile ukunikeza credit. izinhlangano Microfinance ukuhlinzeka imisebenzi encane nge obuncane kanye aba ngcono kunezinye. amasevisi ezinjalo azizintsha neze ilungele ngamabhange.

izikhonzi

amasevisi Microfinance anikezwa:

1. izikhungo ezikhethekile ezizinikele kuphela obolekisayo. Nazo ngokufanayo, usekelwa imithombo yangaphandle.
2. Ngesikweletu nezinyunyana. Ziyakwazi inkampani nge ubulungu ngokuhlanganyela. Basuke kwakheka ukuze sihlinzeke izinhlelo zezimali emalungwini ayo. Izimali zivela eminikelweni yamalunga ngqo. Ngokuvamile, izakhiwo ezifana akudingeki okokufaka zangaphandle.
3. Credit ama cooperatives wezolimo. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho inyunyana ubulungu ngokuhlanganyela. Basebenza ngokuyinhloko amapulazi kanye nezinkampani axoxisane neHhovisi / x ukukhiqizwa.
4. Izimali ukusekela ibhizinisi elincane. Kungenzeka kamasipala noma isimo. Lezi izinhlangano sihlinzeke izinhlelo ngaphandle kwelayisensi yakwa-ebhange.

Imininingwane zomlando

Imboni microfinance isibe phetho ukuthuthukiswa micro-credit. UProfesa uMuhammad Yunus ngo-1976 wasungula yasebhange "Grameen". Kuyinto isikhungo ezikhethekile uwukuboleka Bangladeshis abampofu. Kukholakala ukuthi kulo nyaka, futhi wazalwa microfinance. Ngemva kwesikhashana Kwakukhona namanye amasevisi abantu abathola iholo eliphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, waqala ukuthuthukisa microinsurance, mikrovlady nokunye. Ngokwezibalo, unikezwa World Bank, 2005, abangaphezu kuka-7 ayizinkulungwane. Lezi zinkampani esisebenza emhlabeni. Sekukonke, amakhasimende yabo abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-16 emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Umsebenzi eRussia

I-Russian inkampani microfinance ethulwa ezihlukahlukene amafomu wezomthetho. I co-operative ukwenza njenge-main micro-credit amabhizinisi. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo microfinance eRussia sihamba hhayi njengoba olunzima njengoba kwamanye amazwe. Zimbalwa kakhulu izinkampani ezithile ezingaba afeze iningi elincane credit zokukhokhelwa. Ukuze ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa okwalandela wesistimu kuxhaswa kuhulumeni kuyinto ngohlaka lomthetho okudingekile nokufanele. Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala maqondana ikhambi lezi zinkinga kwaba umthetho "Ngo izinhlangano microfinance". Kwakuthinta evunywe Duma State ngo-2010. UMthetho Federal №151 ulawula ukusebenza izinkampani ezinjalo, usayizi, imibandela kanye nezinqubo ukuhlinzekwa imali encane ukuze labantu.