Umlando kwedolobha Omsk: usuku isizinda, indawo, ifulege, emgwaqweni

Omsk - iyona yesishiyagalombili idolobha elinabantu abaningi yezwe. Kuyinto zokuthutha thutha, okuyothi navigation Iziithombe- uMfula Irtysh futhi Transsiberian. intshisekelo omkhulu ngumlando ka emzini Omsk, kulapho ukuthi iminonjana lokuqala khona kwabantu insimu yalo basonta 6th yeminyaka BC.

isikhundla ezindawo

Omsk Itholakala Engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli West laseSiberia Plain, ngesikhathi confluence emfuleni Om kanye Irtysh. Ibanga eMoscow iqonde kuyinto 2242 km kanye kuze kube semngceleni nge Kazakhstan - ngu-150. Leli dolobha ezonini 4 th isikhathi, futhi ihlanganisa indawo 572 square metres. km.

igama

Ochwepheshe namanje babebanga yini noma cha isifinyezo kwegama elithi "Omsk". Umlando igama lomuzi ngempela ezingacacile. Kukhona inguqulo yakhiwa izinhlamvu zokuqala zamagama ethi "indawo Ezikude besekudingisweni iziboshwa." Nokho, abacwaningi abaningi ukubona ngokuqondene negama River Om. Ngo umusa version yesibili yokuthi leli gama endaweni ebonakala eside ngaphambi kokuvela Omsk amajele ngoba iziboshwa.

Isendlalelo ukuvela Omsk

Njengoba sekushiwo, wabokuqala abathuthela kule ndawo kule Stone Age. Lokhu kufakazelwa artefacts eziningi ezitholakala phakathi abavubukuli ensimini ka Omsk yokupaka. Ukuze bavale isikhala salo nabo Neolithic kwafika abameleli nezinye isiko othuthuke kangcono, oluphethe ubuciko zobumba, futhi kamuva ixazululwe izizwe, lost wax nethusi, okuthiwa Androns. nemingcwabo zitholwe endaweni lapho okwake kwaphila elise Omsk nqaba, futhi kulokho manje Museum of mgwaqo. Khona-ke, ngo-km 12 kusukela umlomo Omi irmentsami kwathiwa isiphetho esisekelwe, yathatha cishe 10 kuya ku-8 leminyaka BC. e. Ukulandela abakhileyo kulezi zindawo babé kulaytsy, futhi kamuva kwangena Huns ngubani besuka iBaikal esifundeni.

Kumila Omsk inqaba

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 Oirat balapha, nabo Russia enobudlelwane Kwamiswa, kube kususelwa Omi ebuzwa edolobheni ukuze awuvikele kuphangwa Hotogoytskogo Khanate. Nokho, ngo-1620-1630-yalolucwaningo isimo sesishintshile. Ngo oyravy ethile, kufakwe Jungar Khanate ngokwabo kwaqala ukuphazamisa abakhileyo Tarski County. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ukuthi umbusi wendawo e 1627 wathumela izithunywa inhlokodolobha nge isicelo isizinda stockade ngomlomo Om. Nakuba bonke uyasiqonda isidingo isinyathelo esinjalo, izimo isikhathi eside uvinjelwe ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Lapho uPeter Omkhulu eholwa uColonel Ivana Buhgoltsa kwaba ifakwe eviyweni, eyakha inqaba ku echibini Yamishevskay. ukubukeka kwakhe kwathathwa Dzhungars nobutha ngubani wawuvimbezela Fort isiRashiya, futhi ngemva bomkhankaso wamshiya, kwacekelwa phansi. Nokho Ivan Buhgolts akazange adikibale, futhi uya emlonyeni Om elisempumalanga, wamisa inqaba entsha. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi sehlakalo senzeka 4-5 Meyi 1716 e isitayela ubudala, okusho ukuthi usuku kumila Omsk - ngomhlaka-16 kuMeyi. Naphezu kwakho konke lokho, amashumi eminyaka Usuku City lugujwa ngeSonto lokuqala Agasti.

ngekhulu le-18

Lo mcimbi oyinhloko le nkathi kwaba ukwakhiwa inqaba itshe eminyakeni 50. Ekuqaleni lesi sakhiwo nazo yakhelwe ukuba nezivikelo eziphawuleka kakhulu empumalanga Empire Russian. Ngenxa imililo njalo okuyinto Yasungulwa cishe umuzi wawuyigolide kabusha izikhathi eziningana, ngokuvamile ngobudlabha. Ngo 1785, esinqumweni Umbusikazi uCatherine II sivunyiwe yi elingenamikhono izingalo kwedolobha Omsk, okuyinto, njengoba ezinye izinguquko isetshenziswa namuhla.

ngekhulu le-19

Umlando kwedolobha Omsk kusukela base kuhlobene eduze abadingisiwe iziboshwa. Ikakhulukazi, lapho zadingiselwa Decembrists N. Basargin, N. Chizhov, V. Steingel nabanye abaningi.

Ekhulwini le-19 Omsk laba isizinda sokuqondisa se-West laseSiberia umbusi-jikelele wokuqala, futhi ngemva - asemaqeleni. Ngo 1850-1854 GG. ejele lendawo esejele umbhali omkhulu Russian F. M. Dostoevsky. Washiya ubufakazi eliyigugu lokuphila edolobheni ngesikhathi zonke emlandweni wayo, okungase esitholakala emakhasini encwadi ethi "iNdlu Olufile."

Ngo 1894-1895 GG. phakathi komuzi lidlule Transsiberian. Lo mcimbi kwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni Omsk. Waphenduka kube sezoku- thutha eningizimu eSiberia, futhi lapho baqala ukuthuthukisa wezoHwebo.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20

Ukufika kombuso amabhizinisi ezimbonini kanye ezinkulu isitimela edepho zaholela ekwakhekeni emibuthano wamavukelambuso. Ngo-1905, e-Omsk nengxenye imibuthano mass ukusekela inhlokodolobha yesigaba sabasebenzi.

Ekupheleni kuka-1914 e amabutho edolobheni iziboshwa Hungarian empi aqala ukwakhiwa leHhovisi ujantshi, namanzi Omsk wavulwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Izenzakalo Yokuvukela Petrograd yashesha ukunkenketha phakathi kwezisebenzi komuzi. Njengoba nje uhulumeni omusha futhi Red Guards kwamiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imizamo eminingana ukuba bavukele, futhi phakathi naleso emigwaqweni Omsk baba elwa izikhundla. Omunye sezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu emlandweni umuzi wawuyigolide engxenyeni 1918 yesibili. Kakade phakathi ehlobo Omsk wasala amaBolshevik, futhi kuxazululwe okuthiwa uhulumeni wesikhashana, okuyinto langena AV Kolchak. Ngakho, ngesikhathi kulwiwa, lo muzi wawuyinhloko-dolobha ka-White Russia.

Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet

Ngo-1921 kwaba khona umcimbi, ezingasehlela akuyona indlela engcono ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa edolobheni: imisebenzi laseSiberia sokuqondisa bathunyelwa Novonikolayevsk, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kabusha Novosibirsk. Isimo sashintsha kuphela ngemva kwempi. Ngo-1947, e-Omsk ekhonjwe ukuzimela zokuphatha kanye nomnotho nendawo isabelomali yayo eqondile ashiwo esigabeni amadolobha kwakuwukuthi republic. Jikela emzini muzi ezinkulu ezimbonini sisizwa yokuthi ngesikhathi WWII babekhona lapho bebukele bashiye, imidondoshiya eziningi yezimboni ingxenye European yezwe. Ngenxa yalokho, thina based zokwenziwa iraba isitshalo namafutha zenkampane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kancane kancane ukunwetshwa ukuze imikhawulo umgwaqo omusha Omsk. WaseHerzen Bogdan Khmelnitsky nabanye, kanye ezindaweni ezifana edolobheni Oilers.

Umlando kwedolobha Omsk: ekhulwini lama-21

Ukuqala entsha yeminyaka kwaphawulwa nokuntengantenga komnotho, ogama izimpande ezazisemizini okuthiwa eligadulayo nineties. Nokho, leli dolobha liye unqobe ngempumelelo iningi labo namuhla kubonisa Dynamics omuhle yentuthuko ezindaweni eziningi.

Ngo-2002, kwathiwa evunywe elingenamikhono yesimanje izikhali kwedolobha Omsk. Njengoba sekushiwo, kufana Catherine, kodwa wanezela endala Crest nokubiyela ngesimo amagatsha igolide oki * axhunyiwe Aleksandrov tape.

Manje uyazi umlando emzini Omsk. Qiniseka ukuvakashela futhi ubone eziningi ezikhangayo, phakathi okuyizinto izinto ngaphansi kwesivikelo UNESCO.