Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Imisebenzi yakhe, amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila kwakhe

"Bacchus", "Lute Player", "I Entombment" - zonke lezi imidwebo eyaziwa kunoma connoisseur imidwebo ephakathi, adalwe Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. I yemisebenzi yoMdali, okuyinto lunomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imidwebo, okuphelele kangaka uyindlala, kubonakala sengathi yena waphila eminyakeni engu-100 futhi bafa 39. Yini esiyaziyo lo muntu ongaqondakali, ubani besikhathi begodu inzalo yasungulwa izindaba eziningi, ngokuvamile it has lutho nge iqiniso?

Esakhula

Uma abacwaningi kungukuthi aphanjaniswe, e 1571 edolobheni elincane Italian wazalwa umdali wayeyisazi Caravaggio. Imisebenzi wadala nabo eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, ngeshwa, asizange sifinyelele abaphila manje. Umfana wazalelwa emndenini umakhi ocebile, kodwa sekuphele iminyaka engu-6 ubudala kushonelwa ubaba wakhe, owathatha isifo (ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo, imfiva).

Kakade iminyaka 13 kuyacaca nje uyakwazi Umdwebo by Caravaggio kanjani. Uqala i njengoba okuvelayo umdali ku Simone Petertsano, okuyinto 1584 bavumelana ukuthatha ingane onamakhono eshabhu lakhe ngoba ukuqeqeshwa. Michelangelo wachitha njengoba umfundi iminyaka 6 kuphela ubudala, njengoba e 1590, akazange nonina, futhi ayebulawe yilesi sifo. Le nsizwa wathola isabelo sayo ifa Wangena ukuphila ezimele.

Imisebenzi umculi Caravaggio enhle, kodwa umdali wabo yena ngangenwa ezihlukahlukene ukukhubazeka, kanye abanye abantu abaningi yokudala. Wayethanda ukuchitha isikhathi ukuzitika ukugembula, ukuhlela ukuphuza enobungane. Akumangalisi, eRoma, umculi wazithola ngaphandle penny ephaketheni lakhe.

black umugqa

Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila esikhathini Lomuzi Waphakade zehlulekile Caravaggio. Imisebenzi ezilotshwe kule nkathi uyibize ngokuthi yimpumelelo. Esikhathini ngobuningi laba babengamadodana yezandla abaphansi, wokushaya kwalokho eyingoduso, ukusebenza kule studio we Sichiliano ezithile. Haunting ubumpofu umculi ekugcineni umenza embhedeni wasesibhedlela. Waphulukiswa, yena, emva kwesikhashana, ubuyela esibhedlela abampofu, ngeshwa falling off ihhashi.

Ngemva ekululameni kwakhe, yena enqaba ukukusiza nabadayisi nokuzama ukusebenza bebodwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi umdwebi emva hiatus eside wabuya ugqozi, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi idala emidwebweni ezifana "Kayuschayasya UMagdalina", "umbhuli ukubikezela isiphetho." Kamuva, abacwaningi oyobenza phakathi imisebenzi best of Caravaggio. Yobuciko (imidwebo) ecela ukuba amsize athole abavikela yakhe yokuqala enkulu, okuyinto kuba Cardinal Monte.

Señor enethonya hhayi kuphela ukwabiwa nabo ukudla, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa amaklayenti ayo abacebile, okuvumela Michelangelo ukukhohlwa ngezinkinga zemali. Inkazimulo uMdali ikhula, nge umugqa omnyama phezu.

izifundo ozithandayo

Imisebenzi umculi Caravaggio kunzima kakhulu ukudida emidwebweni zaveza ngamanye abaculi, Nokho abanamakhono bangasoleki. Revolutionary azishiye isikhathi tendzabuko idealization zezikhonzi zenkolo. Abalingiswa yaqhuma ukudwetshwa wakhe ibukeke nabantu bangempela. He kanjeyana presents onkulunkulu bamaGreki namaRoma, abaphostoli waseBhayibhelini, abafel 'ukholo.

uhlamvu ngalunye endowed ngothi kugcizelelwe ukwehluka, uma wasebenza nendalo yakhe ka Caravaggio. Umsebenzi, ubuhlakani zokudala hit idrama yabo esingokwemvelo, ekuyigxiliseni. Akuwona wonke amaklayenti uyavumelana ukuthatha imiyalo yabo, ekuboneni umphumela. Fighters ngenxa "zendabuko" imidwebo ngisho ngokuvamile limenyezelwe okuyihlazo isithombe wizadi.

ezintsha Caravaggio

Yini umnikelo esenziwa umculi ekuthuthukiseni yokudweba? Yena udumo ezihlukahlukene impumelelo. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo - abanjalo babehamba imfashini kuze imisebenzi Caravaggio isebenza. Umdwebo Italian (futhi kamuva izwe) iye okucetshiswe entsha Amathrendi sibonga Michelangelo. Enalesi isiko ukuhlukana izinhlobo, okubonisa "ephansi" futhi "okusezingeni eliphezulu" mkhuba.

Umdwebo uhlelo ifinyelelwe umculi ngesikhathi yayingavamile. Wagcizelela phambili, ekufezeni ekukhanyeni kwakhe okugqamile. Ingemuva baba engavezwanga ngamazwi, unprepossessing. iqoqo okunjalo inqobo optical umphumela isilinganiselo. Kwakubonakala sengathi izinto saphila ku zabalingiswa Caravaggio. Imisebenzi, Biography of the umdali - konke kubonisa ukuthi bachitha amahora abasebenza umdwebo we emincane evelayo abangelutho efika kuqala.

Enkathini yokuqala lokusungula

Umculi ngokudala imidwebo yakhe yokuqala eyaziwayo, udlala indima Innovator, inselele amasiko siqinile kusukela okungadingi give up nasesikhathini esizayo. Esikhathini kusuka 1591 kuya ku-1995, yena kudala ezifana ezidumile ngokuthi "Lute Player", "Bacchus," "UMFANA izithelo." By endleleni, le Hermitage - a kumele uvakashela indawo kulabo like ebhaliwe kule nkathi imisebenzi Caravaggio sika. Igalari inikeza izivakashi ithuba zibabaza "Lute-Player".

Zonke lezi imidwebo ukuthatha zanda ifa bokubeka Michelangelo, indlela kuhlanganiswe ukukhethwa namaqhawe. Njengomthetho, labo ngabantu "isixuku." Caravaggio ngenjabulo udonsa ekumeni ezejwayelekile izinsizwa, bewitching inkanuko ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuhle anolaka, oqhubeka umfanekiso umfana "zabantu" ephepheni. Yena iveza abaculi emgwaqweni kanye nabathengisi, amaRom dandies.

Ezidwetshwe umdwebi odumile futhi isihloko ubudlova, ubufakazi okuyizinto imidwebo ezifana "UJudith futhi Holofernes", "Umhlatshelo ka-Isaka". Abanye imidwebo yakhe aqukethe izigcawu ezinobudlova, ngisho ukwethuka, njengoba umlobi okhokhela umthelela esiphezulu ezwakala ingokoqobo.

umsebenzi Late lomdwebi

Le midwebo, akudalayo uNkulunkulu e zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina, futhi kukhona ungowenani elikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ebhala webs umjikelezo, okuyinto kuba umlingiswa oyinhloko Saint Mathewu. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke kubo - "I ukushaya of St uMathewu". Gospel legend kuza ekuphileni egumbini elincane shabby, kubahlanganyeli izigcawu abadumile ubuhlakani ozithandayo zabantu phakathi kwabantu. Idala nabanye abazinikele isihloko Caravaggio usebenza, ukuphila nokufa NGOKUKAMATHEWU kukhona ngokuphindaphindiwe kwamthobela.

Indlela eya Ukufa

Naphezu ukuqashelwa ukhishwa ithalenta master phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, kule minyaka embalwa edlule ayihlala ecashele neziphathimandla. Michelangelo ngokuphindaphindiwe osezithola ejele, alahlwe ngamacala amaningi. Killing indoda endaweni Duel, ishiya ngasese eseRoma, ukuhamba emzini ngomuzi. Okwesikhathi esithile umculi uchitha eMalta, ngisho sihamba senzuzo, wabe eseya eNaples. Ukufa qhebeza phezulu nga him in the ubudala 39, ngendaba iwona uthola umalaleveva.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Isithombe - akusiwona konke ithole besikhathi sethu Caravaggio. Umsebenzi, self-portraits ongamtshela okuningi ngaye, kodwa abacwaningi survey ukunikeza eminye imininingwane ephelele. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi Italian wayengakaze beshadile, akashiyanga inzalo. Kukholakala ukuthi babe sebebona kukuhle bobulili obufanayo, okuyinto ngokungaqondile waqinisekisa uthando lwakhe lo mfanekiso topless izinsizwa.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuphila nokufa Caravaggio wenziwa ifilimu, eyakhululwa ngo-1986. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe indoda, okukuye lomculi lokuthandana nomunye umuntu enganakile, e leteyipu ukhuluma Shon Bin. Akukho ndawo, ngaphandle Umdwebo "Caravaggio", umlingisi akazange ukudlala ngaphezu kobungqingili.

Namuhla emidwebweni zaveza ngu Caravaggio, akunakwenzeka ukuthola. Kodwa noma yisiphi sazo kungaba kuwufanele mayelana $ 100 million, ukuthola bazosidayisa.