TU-143: umlando indalo. Incazelo ukwakhiwa

Isidingo kunothile ohlakaniphile owadala imigqa isitha phakathi nawo-kwamashumi amahlanu, ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kwesimo phakathi kwe-United States ne-Soviet Union isikhundla evelele emhlabeni, luvete ukubaluleka izindiza unmanned. Manje siqu imishini bavimba imigwaqo njengoba ihlanganyela enkonzweni nge emazweni amaningi emhlabeni futhi isibalo zikhula yayo. Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi lapho kwazalelwa izindiza "smart", ezisetshenziswa kuze kube manje, kwaba eSoviet Union, ukudala kwesimo endaweni izimoto eliyingqayizivele njengoba TU-123, TU-143, TU-141.

Indlela Bonke baqala?

ukusetshenziswa lwasekuqaleni izimoto unmanned ngesimo Balloons ukuletha amabhomu amabutho Austrian ovinjezelwe e Venice yaphuma ngo nyaka 1849. Kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, Nikola Tesla yakhelwe zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-umkhuba, isikebhe umsakazo-elawulwa. Futhi ngo-1910 US unjiniyela lempi Charles Kettering lakhiwa futhi lwahlolwa ngezigameko eziningi unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni (UAVs), kodwa ngokoqobo baye ayitholakalanga.

Namathathu banesifo esibi zaziphawuleka ngokungabi ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa esebenza self-ephethwe e-UK. In parallel nalokhu okusunguliwe, e umklami eSoviet Union Nikitin wadala torpedo-glider ngisho eklanyelwe torpedo lahlukene 100 km, kodwa namanje uhlala ephepheni. Ngo-1940, ososayensi German baye basungula cruise nangomcibisholo, aqala ukusetshenziswa empini, kanti injini jet.

Kwaba ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili waqala izingalo uhlanga emkhakheni unmanned phakathi amazwe Warsaw Pact atheleka kanye NATO, ngenxa lapho isasetshenziswa UAVs, kuhlanganise "Flight" TU-143.

Eyandulela UAV "Flight"

Ngo-1956, amazwe nokuba yiNhlangano Warsaw Pact atheleka amabutho azihlanganisa langena Hungary ukucindezela imibono anti-lamaKhomanisi. Esikhathini esifanayo Tupolev wadala backroom "K", ogama msebenzi ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo "C". Ngemva konyaka, uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe wase-USSR ku zezindiza okubalulekile yocingo ifika labizwa ngokuthi "Okuyimfihlo" ukulungela we indiza yokuhlola izinto "C" ngekwata yesine ka-1958.

Ngaphansi ngekhodi ukudalwa umkhiqizo UAV ezifihliwe. ukuthuthukisa umqondo kwakungekaNkulunkulu AN Tupolev. umkhiqizo Imfihlo kuyinto monoplane lensimbi ishanelwe iphiko ukuma. Ngokushesha lo msebenzi waba lilungele ukushaqeka izinhlelo unmanned uyakwazi at ibanga 10 eyinkulungwane. Km lokukhulula zenuzi, kodwa sasingawohloki zilandelwa ngu-oda we NS Khrushchev.

Intelligence apharathasi self-ukuzanywa "The Hawk" TU-123, okuyinto eyaba eyandulela we TU-143, kwenziwa indiza yayo yokuqala ngo-1961. Ngokungafani indiza kuhlasela, kuba kuqhame ingxenye isakhiwo ukuthi unokuhlakanipha apharathasi, kunemikhiqizo warhead yenuzi.

Ukungapheleli "The Hawk" futhi i-oda "Reis"

A kusimo lokuqala ekhonjwe ukuhlolwa TU-123 steel ukushisa fotolyuki ebucayi okuyinto at ijubane izindiza ka 2700 km / h embozwe ukuqhekeka. Le nkinga, onjiniyela Soviet wanquma ukusebenzisa ukuthengwa Brazilian asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi benze sengathi elisetshenziswa kwemishini yezokwelapha. Kuyinto kulokhu kwaziswa eluhlaza etholwe ingilazi ukushisa ukumelana, bese izithombe eliphezulu.

Ububi besibili babungubuso design esingaphelele "The Hawk", okuyinto operation inakekelwa insimbi egumbini kuphela, lonke UAV babe zalutho. abaholi bezwe isidingo sokuthuthukisa a bophulwe unmanned intelligence eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi elika "Flight" TU-143. Umlando UAV iqala ukungena amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo yangenisa eCzechoslovakia futhi isitatimende wabaholi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa umsebenzi Tupolev olusha mayelana Isakhiwo ehlenga UAV kwesimo endaweni.

Ukudalwa "Reis"

Sebenza ukuqaliswa kwempahla entsha emkhakheni UAVs ladlula ngokushesha. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, "Flight" usefake wenza indiza yayo yokuqala. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-4 ukuhlolwa nokwenziwa ngcono ngo-1976, lathatha iqoqo yokutholwa ebuthweni laseSoviet. Kuphatfwa ngemphumelelo intelligence Tactical - njengoba ebonakala e amabutho TU-143. Ukukhiqizwa prototypes e inani izingcezu 10 zadayiswa Bashkiria ngo-1973. Ngokushesha waqala ukunyathelisa serial lesi sakhiwo esisha. Iminyaka engu-10 (kuze 1980) kukhicite ingqikithi 950 izingcezu.

Dedela eyinkimbinkimbi lagcwaliseka izinguqulo ezimbili: eyokuqala - ngamathuluzi enezithombe; yesibili - ne ithelevishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, UAV kwaba ifakwe ukuthola emisebeni izindlela. Ngo-1985, ngesisekelo 'Reis "Tupolev onjiniyela baye wadala itarget ngempumelelo kudlule ukuhlolwa isimo.

Ngeke ilimale emoyeni izivikelo - lesi sici TU-143. Ehlome ngamathuluzi okuthola amazwe 6 kwaba "Flight": USSR, Iraq, eCzechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Syria, Romania. Manje yena wayengemuva Ukraine neRussia.

phetho

Phakathi Tactical indiza kwesimo endaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ekhiqizwa izithombe sendawo esaziwa idatha ifilimu lokushicilela. Ukuze imisebenzi nokusebenza asetshenziswe Tu-143 imishini TV. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlu imisebenzi intelligence Kwakuseshwa nasemini. Ibanga ukuthi inquma sokungena we UAV e ezingemuva isitha ukujula, libhekene izinkomba ku 60-70 km.

I "indiza" eyinkimbinkimbi:

• Kuzoqalwa nge self ezinezinjini ngesikhathi isivinini somoya ezingekho ngaphezulu kuka-15 m / a s.
• Mission Control ngosizo i on-board uhlelo ezenzakalelayo (Absu).
• Lingacushwa indiza izindlela.
• Ukuqoqwa kanye nokulondolozwa intelligence ngosizo imishini wezithombe ithelevishini.
• The kungenzeka ekunqumeni imvelo ngemisebe.
• Ukuthunyelwa imininingo nganoma iphuzu enikeziwe ngokusebenzisa ishaneli yomsakazo izigxobo phansi umyalo.

TU-143: incazelo ukwakhiwa

UAV "Flight" has esiyingqayizivele izakhiwo radiozametnosti. LT Kulikov, omunye abaklami main ezihlongozwayo ukwenza ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile. Kiel, amathiphu iphiko, isitsha parachute, ekhaleni indiza zakhiwe ngezinto okungezona metallic. Kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele ngeke ilimale intelligence eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ikhipha le fuselage apharathasi siqukethe linezingxenye ezine: imiphini evuthayo yomnsalo, imishini ugibelile, ithangi uphethiloli, injini nacelle nge isitsha parachute. Ngo kuqhame ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi elise imishini kwesimo endaweni. I gumbi wenziwe fiberglass futhi sihlinzekela fotolyuka.

emazweni UAV amathathu ngenxa kokwehla igiya. ukwesekwa Front itholakala kuleli gumbi engangikulo yesibili, kanti lawa amanye amabili atholakala iphiko panel. Brake nokutshala parachutes senzelwe Damping evundla mpo isivinini kokwehla.

ukuxhashazwa

Kwesimo endaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi elisetshenziswa Afghanistan kanye empini e Lebanon. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union inqwaba UAVs ahlale ensimini ka-Ukraine.

Ngo-2001 yena waba icala edabukisayo usebenzisa TR-143 ngenhloso ukuziqeqesha njengomvocavoci target. Airliner TU-154 iphahlazeka ngenkathi, zabulala abantu abangaba ngu-80. Isizathu khona ongahlosile hit missile lwenzelwe UAV "Flight."

Bheka Tu-143 (izimo), njengoba ziphephile walondoloza kungenzeka ezindaweni ezifana:

• I Aviation Museum e Kiev.
• Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe eziphathelene nezempi nezikhali Spadshchansky Ihlathi.
• Edolobheni Khmelnitsky.
• EPrague Aviation Museum.
• Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe. Sakharov.
• Central Isikhumulo sezindiza eMoscow.
• Museum of Air Force e Monino.

TU-143: LTH

• Isisindo - 1230 kg.
• Ubude - 8,06 m.
• Ukuphakama - 1.545 m.
• Wing span - 2,24 m.
• Wing Area - 2.9 m ^2.
• engamamitha Minimum - 10 metres.
• indiza isikhathi - imizuzu 13.
• Engine Uhlobo - TRD TR3-117.
• I isenzo ukujula - 95 km.
• ngesivinini esiphezulu - 950 km / h.