Impi ye-Moscow

Impi ye-Moscow, 1941, emlandweni ngxabano USSR ngokumelene eJalimane anencazelo ekhethekile. Ngokwabacwaningi, impi libhekene eyinkimbinkimbi, umfutho kanye kwenkululeko imisebenzi yezempi. Impi ye-Moscow yathatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha. Ubude phambi lapho impi kwenziwa - kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili amakhilomitha. Ubutha nhlangothi zombili abangu kwakuhilela okungaphezu 2.8 izigidi ezingu amabutho, 21.000 izibhamu ezigqulweni, amayunithi ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2 of amasu armored, ezingaphezu kuka-1.6 ayizinkulungwane zezindiza amayunithi.

Autumn 1941 iSoviet Union ubekade nzima kakhulu futhi iyingozi impi esimweni. Lo mkhankaso amasu lase lithengwe kwezinhloko zamaviyo isiJalimane, kodwa belwa Army Soviet kwaphazamisa izinhloso esemqoka ye Wehrmacht. Ayikwazi ifohle iye ngasenkosini iqembu dolobha wamabutho "Isikhungo". Ngokwe-German High Command, nokuvinjelwa Leningrad, kanye intuthuko ukuthi osekuzuziwe e-Ukraine, zadala isimo esihle ukuze nesenzakalo.

Impi ye-eMoscow aqala ku 30 Septhemba. Lokhu kuhlaselwa dolobha yeSoviet Union, isiJalimane umyalo yalungiswa njengoba lokugcina yonke mkhankaso. AmaJalimane awunika igama lokuthi ukusebenza "iSiphepho". Ngokusobala, abazange angalindela ukuba noma imuphi ukumelana futhi baya ngokumelene ukuchotshozwa isiphepho undlovukayiphikiswa.

The Battle of eMoscow wawuba ngasekuqaleni ukuphakama kwamanani amabutho aseJalimane. Nokho, naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, amabutho Russian bakwazi ngokwanele ezibhekene isitha.

Uhulumeni German kuhlelwe ukuze kungene dolobha yeSoviet Union ngaphambi ukuqala kubanda. Ukusekela zezindiza samabutho amakhulu avunyelwe amaJalimane ukuze ifohle iye phambili, lihaqwe amabutho eziyisithupha Russian by endaweni Vyazma futhi Bryansk. Ngokusho idatha isiJalimane, isiboshwa kuthathwe kwaba abantu abayizinkulungwane 663. Ukusebenzisa amayunithi armored, ibutho lamaJalimane izinsuku eziyishumi uye wathuthela cishe 250 amakhilomitha wafinyelela ulayini Kalinin (Tver) - Mozhaysk - Kaluga.

Ngo-October 30 abahlaseli matasa Kalinin umugqa - Tula. Umyalo German waqala uhambisane imithombo regrouping amabutho waqhubeka. Kulesi kuhlelwe ukuhlaselwa kusukela ezinhlangothini ukuba ahaqe dolobha yaseSoviet Union.

A okuhlaselayo entsha ibutho lamaJalimane iqale ngo-16 Novemba. Nokho, ngosuku lokuqala ayehlangana nabo ukumelana evuthayo amasosha aseSoviet. Ezalandela amasonto amathathu ibutho lamaJalimane isihambile amakhilomitha 50-80 kuphela, ukufinyelela ngaleyo ndlela yimpumelelo juqu.

Ukuze eMoscow, amaJalimane wakwazi indlela abaseduze eduze nedolobhana Kryukovo, esemgwaqweni 23 amakhilomitha-ntshonalanga nedolobha. Esikhathini kusuka 16 November kuya 5 Disemba empini ibutho lamaJalimane elahlekile abantu abangu-153 000, awahlatywayo ngasihlandlo abulawe, yiqhwa zaqina.

Ukuphela November - kuqale uDisemba kwaphawulwa counterattacks eziningana, kuhlanganise ne zigcine wafika empumalanga wezwe. Ngo-December 5 Empini eMoscow zanikeza i-okuhlaselayo. UMuntu banyenti labamelene natsi amasosha aseSoviet kwawo yayiphawuleka aphikelela lokulwa umoya, isifiso esinamandla ukunqoba isitha futhi bavikele enhlokodolobha yezwe lenkaba yawo.

Kulokhu, ibutho laseJalimane kwaba esimweni esibucayi ezihambisana wokugoqa yamathemba kwabo ukugwaza ibhece, kanye impi ezinzima, isimo sezulu ibeke. amabutho aseSoviet bakwazi ukubuyela emuva abahlaseli ngezinyawo amakhilomitha angu-200, kodwa ukubabulala ngokuphelele ke bahluleka.

I yabambana ngezihluthu kakhulu waqala endaweni Vyazma futhi Rzhev. Battle zenzeka lapho kusukela ngo-February kuya ku-April 1942. impi Kuqediwe isihloko ku 20 April.

Impi ye-Moscow, ngamafuphi, uye kungaqedwa ngokubona ayenganqobeki ka ibutho likaHitler. Ukunqoba kwaba ukunqotshwa wokuqala ezinkulu ibutho laseJalimane futhi kwakusho ukwehluleka kwazo zonke izinhlelo zakhe ka "ukukhanya, umbani impi", kanye ukwehluleka kohlelo inqubomgomo angaphandle of the uhulumeni German.