Yikuphi butho eJalimane? Army Germany: inombolo, imishini, izikhali

Combat amakhono amabutho emazweni ahlukahlukene zihlukile, futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu bona afihle, futhi abezindaba utshelwa mayelana isimo lumane wezasekhaya. Amandla eziphawuleka kakhulu has eJalimane, ogama ibutho siyesabeka. Nokho, ochwepheshe bathi empeleni akukhona kamnandi kangaka njengoba kubonakala. Ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Zama ukuqonda.

phansi amabutho

Qaphela ukuthi Bundeswehr yakhiwa isakhiwo emithathu legatsha, okungukuthi, kusukela Army, Air Force futhi Navy. Njengoba izingxenye ngabanye kuhlanganiswe amabutho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wadalwa 2000 futhi isevisi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ake uqale nge Army. EJalimane, zihlanganisa yethu abasebenzi abane izinto eziyisisekelo zamazwe ngamazwe eziphethe NATO emizimbeni okuthiwa "ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo", amaqembu amahlanu nokusebenza ku indlunkulu nezinye ibutho amabutho (ngesiGreki i-, iSpanishi, Turkish, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi), ukuhlukana ezinhlanu futhi asizayo futhi njengoba iyunithi:

• ezimbili ukwahlukana ithangi ;
• Esinenjini Infantry Division;
• airmobile ukuhlukana;
• Division Special Operations Amandla.

Land ibutho laseJalimane kubonakala umxhwele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banikezwe firepower eqhathaniswa eminyakeni eyedlule, kuvela ukuthi nge lamabutho zamanje ababebalelwa 5,000 ibutho Sinemandla futsi ahlomile kunanini ngaphambili. Ezimweni ukulwa yesimanje indima ebalulekile idlala pin elihamba impi, ngakho inani ukwahlukana namanje kuncike kakhulu.

Ukugcizelelwa yokugcinwa

Army eJalimane, ngokuvumelana imibhalo eziyisisekelo German ukwakhiwa lempi, ngokuyinhloko igxile yokugcinwa imisebenzi emabuthweni sokusebenzisana kanye nemithetho izingxabano sendawo, izinga eliphansi ahlukahlukene okujula. Okungukuthi, esimweni esimweni impi yezwe ilungele ukulwa kuphela abaphikisi ngokusobala buthaka amakhono ukusebenza, ezobuchwepheshe kanye yokudla.

Isibalo German Army kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva - thina ukhuluma mayelana Army: manje abantu 84,450 (kuhlanganise nalabo ukufunda ezikoleni lempi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-2011 e-Germany ezaqedwa oyimpoqo lempi, manje okuyinto izinkontileka ngokugcwele futhi ihlala kusuka onyakeni owodwa kuya ezinyangeni 23.

imisebenzi yamanje yezwe phesheya

Ngokusho ekuqaleni 2015, ibutho laseJalimane iyona wamanje ezempi ezindaweni ezifana:

1. Afghanistan (900).
2. Uzbekistan (100 people).
3. Kosovo (763).
4. Mediterranean (800).
5. Somalia (241).
6. Mali (144).
7. Lebanon (128).
8. Bosnia and Herzegovina (120).
9. Sudan (10 people).

Kuzo zonke lezi imisebenzi abathintekayo eJalimane, ogama ibutho ehilelekile ikakhulu lapho sibhekene abasebenzi esigcwele noma isibalo sabasebenzi yokudla neyokweseka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingxenye ibutho ukulwa ingeqi 10% labantu, kodwa ngokuvamile izwe ngamabomu azisetshenziswa imisebenzi emisha phesheya, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele wenze elihamba ukulwa contact, lapho amasosha aseJalimane ngokusobala buthaka.

I kwezikhali amabutho phansi

Land amabutho yezwe nezikhali ezilandelayo:

• 1095 main impi amathangi;
• 644 ensimini wezikhali izibhamu, izigqulo futhi amaningi rocket isiqalisi izinhlelo;
• 2563 ukulwa izimoto armored (izisebenzi armored zenethiwekhi, 736 wabo);
• 146 ukuhlaselwa ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane.

Lokhu imishini olunqamula ibutho laseJalimane ephepheni, kodwa empeleni isimo Kuthi ezahlukene. Ochwepheshe wazi ukuthi lo mkhuba jikelele isimo ibutho laseJalimane ephepheni bese empeleni kuyinto ehlukile, hhayi kuhle ohlangothini zwe. It kuvela ukuthi uma kwenzeka umthetho karate, Germany akunakwenzeka ukuba baphikisane amandla namandla imishini yesimanje kanye nezikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi.

"Ingwe" - ithangi main

Main Battle Tank Bundeswehr - kuyinto "Leopard." Ekuqaleni 2015 izingxenye armored yezwe zisekelwe ukusetshenziswa "Leopard-2" imodeli - basuke behlome ngemibese 685 izingcezu. Amathangi ezisele ( "Leopard 1") kancane kancane elasetshenziswa ekutholeni metal, futhi kuleyo ndawo - ngezinjongo zokufundisa. Futhi amamodeli okuqala kakhulu, ngokusho izibalo wezwe, zikhona 173 kuphela, basuke azoqedwa-2017.

Ngokuphathelene ukushintshwa "Leopard-2" imishini, nezidingo empini yesimanje kuphela obhekene "Leopard-2A3" (umkhiqizo wabo lwenziwe emuva 1984-1985) futhi "Leopard-2A4" (ekhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1985 kuya ku-1987). Nokho, ukuhlolwa yamuva ensimini luye lwabonisa ukuthi imishini ibutho laseJalimane libhekene nenkinga yezinga eliphansi ubungqabavu, kodwa ngoba ngo-1991 bamukela Uhlelo amathangi sesimanje ngokuthi KWS II.

amathangi yesimanje

Kusukela ngo-1995, wonke amathangi, okuye ethuthukisiwe, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "Leopard-2A5". Yabo 2015 kukhona izingcezu mayelana 470. Futhi labo amathangi lolo hlelo ungazange zathengiswa emazweni yezwe yesithathu. Kusukela ngo-2001, 225 ziye ithuthukiswe izimoto xaxa, okuyinto baye baba lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu futhi ifakwe futhi zibizwa ngokuthi "Leopard-2A6". onobuhle okusha ayenendawo kwagcizelela zempi kwemibhoshongo nokuningi okwami evikelwe.

German Panzer Army, ngokukhethekile, Ushintshe ithangi, yabakhanga insimbi entsha Rhl 120 / L55 - ne emgqonyeni eside, okwandisa firepower umshini futhi usinika uhla izinhlamvu esetshenziswa. Seliyé eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zanamuhla on-ebhodini electronics, lapho uhlelo olusha kolwazi ukuphathwa. Ethangini waqala linesisindo esingamathani angu-62, futhi ngokuvamile Ukucaciswa zakhona ziye zaba ngcono kakhulu.

Seventh Ukuguqulwa "Leopard"

Ngo-2010, "Leopard" ithuthukisiwe futhi - ukuguqulwa lwesikhombisa, ngokuthi "Leopard 2A7 + '. Waba esindayo lokushaya inkundla elwa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ngaphansi izinguquko, kuzokwenziwa ngcono ukuvikelwa okwami, uyoba isivikelo amamojuli esikhiphekayo ye emisebenzi ezehlukene izindlu nombhoshongo izofakwa latticework izikrini ngokumelene RPG, izikhali ezincane uzobe ifakwe module ukuthi zingalawulwa ukude. EJalimane, ogama ibutho Sekuyisikhathi eside esekelwe ubuchwepheshe ubudala, kuhlelwe ukudlulisela ukuguqulwa lesikhombisa oda 150 amathangi, nakuba kuze kube manje lo mgomo engakaze izuzwe. idatha olunembile kangakanani namanje ku imishini wezwe ahlomile Ushintshe, cha, kodwa in the domain yomphakathi, ungathola ulwazi amathangi mayelana 70-96. A ukuguqulwa lwesikhombisa kuze kube manje nje kuhlelwe ukuthuthukisa ...

ukukhanya izimoto armored

Njengengxenye ukukhanya izimoto armored yezwe oye wama njalo BMP "Marder", okuyinto owayezofika isevisi ngo-1961. Phakathi neminyaka engu-okusebenzela umshini azizange zishintshe, futhi kuphela 1979 imodeli yabekwa sesimanje, ngakho bona uthome ukuhlomisa isiqalisi ATGM "Milan" ohlangothini kwesokudla umbhoshongo, khona kwabonakala ukuguqulwa A2 futhi A3. Kukholakala ukuthi model of "Marder 1A3," ngokusho degree of nabezokuphepha e neze kunabayeni ethangini ethandwa futhi enamandla "Leopard-1". ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo imodeli kwakungafanele futhi kusukela ngo-1985 e-Germany waqala ukwenza ihlelo ukuthuthukiswa kwe-BMP "Marder-2." Kodwa intuthuko wathatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi sibonelo wokuqala umshini omusha yethulwa ngo-September 1991, futhi sokuhlola indawo zaphela kuphela ngo-1998.

Army German ngo-2014 kufakwe ubulungu bayo ngo-1581, "Marder-1" zonke ukuhlela kabusha, futhi kukhona inkulumo ngalokho ukufaka esikhundleni kulo mshini iza BMP "Puma", lapho umsebenzi sesiphethiwe eminyakeni yamuva. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi njengoba kuqale unyaka ka-2016, kufanele ubuyise ahlomile wezwe. Kodwa eqinisweni kuvela ukuthi inqobo nje uma kungekho ukulungiswa "Puma" ku arsenal German khona. It kuvela ukuthi iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba elihamba nekhava yalo yomlilo, - izimoto ezinamasondo izimoto armored izinhlobo. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukukhanya izimoto armored ebuthweni izwe ngempela ezifaneleke ukusetshenziswa armored lokulwa izimoto German in inani 1.135 armored izisebenzi zenethiwekhi, zazo 779 kuphela ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku ukulwa, kuyilapho "Wiesel" lifaneleka ngaphezulu hhayi ukuthutha nabasebenzi kanye ngenxa biko.

wezikhali yesimanje

I kanye esesabekayo wezikhali German uye washintsha eziningi, futhi into yokuqala abakufaka emikhulu entengo. Njenge-United States, eJalimane, ogama ibutho idinga amathuluzi yesimanje futhi oyinkimbinkimbi, yaqala ukwakha zakamuva futhi yempucuko izikhali izinhlelo ayezosenza ibutho ukuba firepower omkhulu ngisho ukunciphisa isibalo zezinhlamvu imishini. AmaJalimane ceba isibhamu esiyingqayizivele PzH2000, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola i-sextant esehlanganise ejwayelekile igobolondo okuhloswe at ibanga-30 km. Ukukala kwaba amahlandla amathathu for 9.2 namazinga ekubeni 10, 8 isibhamu kuphela - 51,4 imizuzwana 60 kuyinsakavukela. Izici esasenza isibhamu zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Irekhodi yesilinganiso lomlilo.
2. Ukuvikelwa High nokunokwethenjelwa izisebenzi nakwezempi imishini ngenxa ekubhukeni umbhoshongo steel futhi umzimba self ezinezinjini.
3. I ukujiya elikhulu zempi - isiqinisekiso ukuthi iqembu uyovikelwa ngokuphepha ngokumelene izikhali ezincane osezingeni kuze kube 14.5 mm, babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela enkulu amagobolondo.
4. Ukusebenzisa isibhamu kuzuzisa ngqo enkundleni yempi.

ACS iyona engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngakho sithole impendulo yombuzo ngalokho ibutho e-Germany, enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi enamandla. Nokho, lezi zinto ezweni engaphansana nje kwengu-izingcezu 200.

Elinye ithuluzi eqolo ibutho lamaJalimane - izigqulo self ezinezinjini: M113A1G PZM (120 mm) no-100 MLRS MLRS. La mathuluzi unayo izici ezilandelayo lobuchwepheshe:

• uhla sokudubula - kusuka 2 km kuya 40 km;
• lesion endaweni eyodwa gulp - kuze kufinyelele 25,000 square metres. m;
• ifakwe izinhlobo eziningi of Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe, kuhlanganise cluster.

Army zezindiza Bundeswehr

German Army Aviation uhlelo siqukethe 38 kuhlasela ezinophephela emhlane "Tiger", ukuhlaselwa ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane 118 Ngo-105, 93 esindayo yezokuthutha ezinophephela emhlane CH-53G, 93 esisetshenziselwa UH-1D,-EU-39 77 135 futhi NH-90. wezwe Air Force Management inikeza abaphathi maphakathi kanye umyalo nokusebenza ku Cologne. umyalo Operational kuhlanganisa izigaba zezizwe ezintathu emoyeni, kodwa ukuqeqeshwa amayunithi abo kuleli zwe kanti akunjalo. Labaqalayo baqeqeshiwe e-United States ngo-siqu lezisekelo zawo lobuchwepheshe.

The main yesiteleka amandla indiza German esekelwe fighter-webhomu "iSiphepho" - okwamanje arsenal wezwe yizicucu mayelana 100. Njengoba ukushaqeka kungenziwa ekuhlaseleni isicelo "Tornado" (zisekelwe German 144 izingcezu) ka ukuguqulwa odlule. Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi le mishini bayakwazi ukuba senkonzweni kule minyaka 8-10 esilandelayo. Isibalo ibutho laseJalimane kancane kancane, futhi lo mkhuba is baphawula ngokuya imishini yayo. Ngakho, ngo-Luftwaffe arsenal kusenabantu fighter-ekuhlaseleni ubudala "Phantom-2" "Tornado", nakuba kufanele ukwesulwa kudala.

air zokuthutha wezwe eziningana A-319, A-340, kodwa ochwepheshe bathi amathuba anjengalawa akwanele ukuhlangabezana nezinkinga ezibhekene nokunikezela ke. Okungukuthi, imali inikezwe of imishini akwanele ngisho ukufika omunye lamabutho sisemoyeni futhi supply yayo ukuqinisekisa okungenani inyanga, kuncike ubutha asebenzayo. zikhona 18 amabhethri "Patriot" ekumeleleni phansi emoyeni.

Navy-German

ibutho Russian (naseJalimane kakhulu) sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe ukuba enamandla kakhulu, kodwa lamaJalimane kancane kancane phansi, ubambe phambili kuphela emikhakheni ethile. Ngakho, Navy Germany - iyona eziphambili kakhulu ngokuya imishini kanye nokulinganisela. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba lokho akusho ubhekane nezinselele ezinkulu, kanye namathuluzi akhona ku arsenal ngokwanele ukuvikela emikhawulweni, nosizo umbimbi. Kuleli qophelo Bundesmarine ukusiza ehlakaniphe nokulawula oLwandle iBaltic.

Esimweni esinjalo ke Okumangazayo, kodwa e-Germany - esinamandla futhi eziphambili shipbuilding umkhakha oveza cishe okungcono emhlabeni kwezikhali asolwandle - ngwenya, ezisebenza diesel kwasekuqaleni. Letindlela ukukhuthalele wathenga-India, Greece, Turkey, South Korea, Venezuela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo imikhumbi yaseJalimane siqu ambalwa kakhulu. Inombolo ibutho laseJalimane ngokuya mabutho - kumane 4 PL 212 Uhlobo 13 frigates ezinhlobo ezehlukene - kusuka ubudala kuya owayephila, ukwakha izikebhe ezimbili.

frigate Modern "Sachsen"

Njengoba sishilo, imboni shipbuilding kuyinto ngempela enamandla ezweni. Futhi lokhu kufakazelwa, isibonelo, ukwakhiwa uhlobo olusha frigate "Sachsen". Le projekthi kuhilela ukwakhiwa abachithi, olubheka kanye nomklamo LuyinkundIa izikhali asolwandle. Kuyinto, ngenhlanhla uvele eJalimane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Izici ehlukile lobu buchwepheshe zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Lo mkhumbi ifakwe jikelele isibhamu 127 mm, izindiza ezimbili, i-pair of amabhulokhi RIM-116 no-27 mm.
2. Isisetshenziswa uzobe kulekelelwa njalo RCC "inhlendla".
3. frigate ukulawula ukwakhiwa kwezikhali eziyokhishwa ekhethekile ngokuzenzakalela umyalo nokulawula uhlelo esakhiwa ikhompyutha workstations 17, 11 ne-module esibonakalayo, ezimbili ezinkulu Imininingwane ekhombisa, satellite ukuxhumana console kanye workstations ezimbili.

I kwezikhali main ayikaziwa, kodwa sifuna ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi imishini kuyoba esingathí sina kodwa futhi azinake. Ngo Bundesmarine futhi yabakhanga corvettes, missile izikebhe, minesweepers, futhi kukhona 8 anti-aircraft zezindiza asolwandle. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, uma ubuchwepheshe kuhlelwe luzoqala eqinisweni, frigate uzobe anemisila izinhlelo ukuthi uzokwazi ukulandela ngokushesha ngaphambi imigomo 1000.

Isikhali esinamandla kunazo zonke ye ibutho lamaJalimane

Kukholakala ukuthi elilungile kakhulu ngokuya ukulwa ukulungela ibutho eJalimane ziyingxenye ye-force ahlangene impendulo ngokushesha kakhulu NATO. Kokuhlangana Bundeswehr Command wawuba ngasekuqaleni 2014 ukuxoxa isimo samanje base impahla kanye lobuchwepheshe yempi. Register of izikhali ezinamandla kakhulu yayisekelwe nezempi. inkomba Specific senziwa izimoto armored, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, elihamba lokulwa izimoto kanye nabasebenzi armored zenethiwekhi. Kulokhu, emhlanganweni yaphawula ukuthi cishe zonke isikhali uyisidala e esibi udinga ukulungiswa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bhala off. Ngemuva komhlangano, kwaba sobala ukuthi Bundeswehr ayikwazi ukuxazulula krupnomashtabnyh inkinga emkhakheni lempi. Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe butho yokuthi kungase lamabutho ehlukile yempi eJalimane ingasetshenziswa ukusiza amanye amazwe, bese lapho empini akuyona umfutho eliphakeme.

Kusukela namavolovolo ibutho ngezibhamu German ivelele, kuhlanganise sniper, izibhamu, amavolovolo, protivotaknvyoe missile izinhlelo, amabhomu rocket ezinezinjini.

Isihloko Army German

Insignia German Army zincike ezinhlwini kubo kuleli zwe ezintathu - izikhulu, abaphathi-non-ethunywe kanye zangasese.

Amazinga lamaphoyisa zihlukaniswe ojenene, abaphezulu nezikhulu junior.

izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe zihlukaniswe izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe wayibhinca ehlombe noma ngaphandle inkemba ibhande.

Zonke ngomehluko obonakala e lapels iyunifomu, izigqoko imikhono, okuyinto zenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene - ngokuhambisana isihloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezizibeni ehlombe makhulu ihlukile kuleyo esetshenziswa ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili.

Izithombe Army eJalimane ibonisa ukuthi phambi kwethu namandla nokuba yesimanje imishini. Ochwepheshe bathi futhi zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali yezwe bengahlushwa izikhathi ezingcono. Kodwa uma kunesidingo, Germany uzokwazi viva futhi sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo nesitha, kodwa lithi akufanele ibe lula njengoba kufanele kube, eqinisweni.

Ekupheleni kwe-athikili, amagama ambalwa mayelana namasevisi inhlalakahle kanye nezempilo United Amandla. Eyokuqala iholwa umhloli olingana Isekela-Inspector General of Bundeswehr, futhi umsebenzi wayo - Ukuphathwa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuqeqeshwa amasosha. Ngaphansi umhloli ejensi izidingo zezempilo mayelana 23 000 abantu.