Ross MacDonald (Kenneth Millar), umbhali: Biography, lokusungula

Kenneth Millar, ukufihla ngaphansi kwegama Ross MacDonald, mhlawumbe, ilungu wesithathu okuthiwa Holy Trinity umphenyi ezinzima, kanye Deshielom Hammett noRaymond Chandler. Futhi kwabaningi kuba umbhali ezibucayi kakhulu futhi ezifundweni elihloniphekile ezintathu.

i-curriculum vitae

Kenneth wazalwa ngo-December 13, 1915 ku Los Gatos, California, kodwa wakhulela futhi wafundiswa eCanada, lapho wawuqondiswa njalo ezidabukile kusuka umama ukulandelana izihlobo, ngemva kokuhlukanisa noyise Millar, itilosi, imbongi kanye nombhali. Ngokusho Kenneth, wambalela isibalo amakamelo ayephila phakathi neminyaka engu lokuqala elishumi elinamithandathu. Baphenduka ube ingqikithi, anamanci mahlanu. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana izimpande futhi sikhala owawudalwe ulahlekile steel umzali motif okuphindayo izincwadi Millar.

Kenneth ukuwo boarding school, futhi ngo-1938 kuphazamisekile izifundo zakhe e-University of Western Ontario, ukuze ungakapheli nonyaka ukuze ihambe Europe. Khona-ke kwaba khona ukuvakashela eJalimane lobuNazi. Wabuyela eCanada, washada Margaret Sturm futhi ligcwaliswe imfundo yakhe e-University of Michigan. Millar waqala ukufundisa, futhi liphefumulelwe impumelelo kwezincwadi umkakhe (uKenneth Margaret - eyaziwa abalobi American), ngaqala ukubhala. Ngo-1939, indodakazi yabo Linda wazalwa.

umndeni okudala

Phakathi Okwesibili iMpi Yezwe, mhlawumbe enganakile elandelayo ezinyathelweni uyise, itilosi, Millar wakhonza njengephayona ukuxhumana isikhulu ababegibele wokugada yenethiwekhi US Navy elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Ngo-1946, lapho umkhumbi wawusengozini California, Margaret ukumvakashela umyeni wakhe, futhi lo mbhangqwana kangangokuthi wanquma ukuhlala khona. Abanye kwakhe ngokuphila kwakhe unkosikazi Wake Waphila ekhatsi Santa Barbara.

Bona buphele kahle, noma okungenani kwakubonakala kanjalo. Millar (ngaphansi mbumbulu kaJohane ke iJohn Ross futhi ekugcineni Ross Macdonald) noMargaret kwakubekwa khona njalo ishicilelwe. Kenneth sekuqala imisebenzi ne umphenyi yangasese Lyu Archera. "Target Live" incwadi yokuqala nge iqhaza lakhe waba umphenyi ngo-1949.

Personal futhi zokudala soshintsho

Khona-ke konke kwahamba zonakala. ukuphila kwakhe umndeni yayingaphelelanga - waqala nezinkinga emshadweni, uLinda eseyingane inkinga. Esizwayo yokwelapha, futhi inoveli 1959 "It UGalton 'kwaba soshintsho kokubili mathupha ngenhloso nangobuchule. Kukhathazeka ne umphenyi Archer (futhi Millar) eyinkimbinkimbi, izindaba Imfihlo imikhaya nokuthi izono ifomu esidlule manje ekugcineni kuye walawula - ke wabona konke labo befuna ukuyibuka. Nakuba ekuqaleni imisebenzi nge Archer kwaba kahle okubhaliwe futhi ezimatasa, "UGalton Case" kwakuyisiqalo lo msebenzi.

Kusukela manje kuqhubeke Ross MacDonald beat ngokuphindaphindiwe indaba efanayo: ukwahluka engapheli ngalesi sihloko izingane elahlekile futhi elahliwe, abazali ngingekho futhi izimfihlo umndeni. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe umbhali umakad 'ebona njengaye kungenzeka yaba Hack. Kodwa hhayi esimweni Millar.

Ross MacDonald: isitatimende okuphumelela

Ngo-1969, evumayo Ukubuyekeza ku isihloko sekhasi we "New York Times" (kumbhali - UWilliam Goldman) zakamuva inoveli Millar yochungechunge oluthile lwezinto ezenzeke Archer "zokugcina ukubukeka", okuyinto kwalandelwa enengxoxo John Leonard ekugcineni yabakhanga baxgeki, ukuthi umbhali okungukuthi njalo akwanele. Yiqiniso, inhlonipho ukuthi ithole umuntu namuhla etholakala sibonga kulesi sihloko. Kodwa ukuthandwa ababewajabulela Ross MacDonald (incwadi umbhali okungukuthi hhayi eliphansi kuya imisebenzi uStefanu YeNkosi yokuthengisa), kwaba zingahambelani okungaphezu ezimbalwa ngawe iphephandaba.

Nakuba isihloko kwabonakala kufakazela isimo MacDonald, abazange bakwenze "ngomoya ongcwele," le umphenyi kanye "Ubaba" Hammett futhi Chendlerom- "indodana." Abagxeki baqala bayisebenzise le nkulumo ethi "in the isiko Hammett, Chandler futhi Macdonald" in the 60s ekuseni. Iqiniso lokuthi Knopf waba ngummemezeli wazo zontathu, futhi inikeza sicabangisise, kanye neqiniso lokuthi noveli yokuqala Hammett yabonakala ngo-1929, Chandler - ngo-1939 futhi Macdonald - ngo-1949. Kwakungathi ukukhula okungokwemvelo noveli umphenyi.

yenanelwa esibucayi

Nakuba MacDonald awuzange beqonda Hammett alinganayo Chandler ukuba '50s, wayengumuntu kude umbhali kakhulu yatuswa ngokuhlolisisa zaleli shumi leminyaka. A ezibucayi kanye commercial impumelelo ifilimu "Harper", esekelwe lokuqala zokuthumela umbhali "Phila target", kwasicinisa yakhe ukuthandwa in 1966. Konke lokhu kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe ezihlokweni "-Newsweek" futhi incwadi Ukubuyekeza "The New York Times," okuyinto ngempela umvuthwandaba inqubo eside ukuthola yenanelwa esibucayi.

Yilokho kanye ayebheke phambili abalandeli bakhe abaqotho? Kubantu abaningi incwadi nge Lyu Archerom kuyinto ejwayelekile etemibhalo ezimpilweni zabo. Worth wokufundwayo, futhi ufuna ukufunda lonke. Futhi lokhu ngesikhathi lapho kwakungekho lutho Wazile ngezingcindezi accolades, kodwa izikhangiso ezimbalwa izembozo.

Ross MacDonald: LweziNcwadi

• "Isimo Esibucayi Umhubhe" - 1944.
• "Target Live" - 1949.
• "Whirlpool sucks" - 1950.
• "Indlela ukufa abanye" - 1951.
• "Ngokumamatheka Dead" - 1952.
• "Thola umhlatshelo" - 1954.
• "Barbary Coast" - 1956.
• 'Wezithunywa Destiny "- 1958.
• "It UGalton" - 1959.
• "Wycherley" - 1961.
• "Lomngcwabo omthende" - 1962.
• "Chills" - 1964.
• "Okuphambene ohlangothini dollar" - 1965.
• "Dirty Money" - 1966.
• "Isitha Bated" - 1968.
• "Farewell emehlweni" - 1969.
• "Wangcwatshwa" - 1971.
• "Sleeping Beauty" - 1973.
• "Blue Hammer" - 1976.

Innovator umphenyi ezinzima

Yiqiniso, abanye ukukhangisa Macdonald ngokukhethekile ayo, kunzima ukuba Ukugaya. Futhi akuzona zonke yemisebenzi yakhe ninamandla ngokulinganayo. Waphinda wabhala a lot of izincwadi - ezingaphezu kuka Hammett futhi Chandler ndawonye. Futhi eRussia ungase uqale ubugebengu inoveli lapho ayikaze ngaphambili, futhi kanjalo ethengisa a lot of izincwadi. mhlawumbe Archer kwaba umphenyi sokuqala yangasese ngubani ngempela zashiya izibazi zakhe futhi kwasho ukuqala ukujula ngokwengqondo umphenyi omusha ezinzima.

nezinye izithakazelo Millar zihlanganisa ukongiwa kanye nenqubomgomo. Ross MacDonald ukuhlola umphakathi elithakazelisayo futhi kushintsha njalo esimweni sazo ekhaya, nakuba ugqozi wakhe oyinhloko kwakuwukushumayela izimfihlakalo convoluted futhi osithekileyo wenhliziyo womuntu, kudliwa ngeqiniso imfihlo, ukuphishekela isisulu efanayo futhi umbulali. Futhi ukuphela washiya uphawu okuphawulekayo uhlobo, ufuna umuntu noma cha.

Izitekhi ububele Archer (noma ukopha slabodushie, kuye ngombono) kuthiwa kuyofikwa ku imisebenzi Roberta Parkera, uMichael Collins, uBill Pronzini, Sue Grafton, Dzhozefa Hansena, Jonathan Valen noStephen Greenleaf nabanye abalobi abaningi. Othile kufanele baye empeleni ufunda le ncwadi, hhayi nje ezimbalwa iphephandaba izingxenye umlobi.

ukuqashelwa ozakwabo

Ngo-1965, umlobi kwakungomunye owayengumongameli weNhlangano American umphenyi ngo-1964 wathola "Isiliva angababulali" futhi ngo-1965 - "Golden ummese" WaseBrithani Association of abalobi of umphenyi izindaba, futhi ngo-1981 waba ahlonishwe nge indondo ye Lifetime Achievement kusukela American Society of Abalobi uhlobo umphenyi.

Ken Millar wafa Julayi 11, 1983, ukuze kulondolozwe ifa, kuphinde zashiya izibazi phezu noveli umphenyi. Archer uchungechunge izimfuno kusukela umfundi hhayi kuphela axazulule impicabadala nokuphila kwethu uqobo, kodwa, okubaluleke, nizame ukubaqonda.

Uma Deshiel Hammett sezihogelwa cool umphenyi amandla zazingavumi kahle futhi bengenalo Raymond Chandler waba umsunguli we ithoni yayo linqoba ke Ken Millar, aka Ross MacDonald, wabapha uhlobo inhlonipho manje ujabulela ukuhlinzeka zilimi global futhi lula indlela abalandeli bakhe.