Luyini ulimi olusemthethweni, futhi kubaluleke kangakanani yezwe? Ninjani naye isimo ezweni lethu? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi kukhona izilimi eziningana olusemthethweni?
izici Jikelele
UMthethosisekelo uqukethe Ilungiselelo lokuthi ulimi isimo Russian Federation kuyinto ephakathi ukuze isetshenziswa kulo lonke izwe. Zithanda esetshenziswa kulawo mazwe lapho kukhona isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kazwelonke sabantu, kanye neziningi eziyimixhantela. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuhambisana nokubuka nobunzima ezithile. Phela, kubalulekile ukuba zifezeke izimpikiswano umbuso zomthetho zonke ezinye izilimi ezisetshenziswa endaweni ethile. Futhi ngokuvamile wadala izindlela ukuze kuvikeleke ezincane kazwelonke. Ukuze uthi lapho kusetshenziswe ulimi olulodwa kuphela, le nqubo ukhonza kuphela njengoba isitatimende isimo samanje ezindabeni. Uma kukhona usongo zangaphandle, angase athathe isinyathelo njengesizathu esinomthelela sokuhlanganiswa. Yilokho ulimi isimo. Asithathe sihlolisise ukubaluleka kwayo ezweni lanamuhla. A kumaphi amazwe kamuva futhi uthole ukukhuluma ulimi lwakhona.
Ukubaluleka udaba
Ngokuvamile, izilimi isimo yethulwe akuyona ukuxazulula izinkinga. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubangelwa izizathu ezithile ukuthuthukiswa. Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbili. Kukhona amazwe ezinjenge-Italy futhi Finland. Babekholelwa ukuthi ingxenye lalolo hlanga kuyinto 94,06% futhi 93,35% ngokulandelana. E-Italy, akukho umthetho olimini isimo. Kodwa eFinland, lokhu isimo eqondiswa hhayi kuphela Finnish, kodwa futhi Swedish. Nakuba lisebenzisa% 6,21 kuphela omphakathi. Luyini ulimi olusemthethweni, kungaba, nokuthi yini okudingeka ukuba banake - okuyixazululayo wonke amazwe eceleni.
Umlando yentuthuko kule Russian Federation futhi izwe elaliyiSoviet Union
isiRashiya njengoba isimo ekuqaleni wamemezela ngo-Okthoba 1991. Ngo-1993, lesi isimo ukuthi kuMtsetfosisekelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo republic banikwa unelungelo lokusungula, ngokusebenzisa umthetho, abantu ababuswa izilimi zabo kazwelonke futhi uyisebenzise. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kwathiwa kuphela yokuqinisekisa isimo ekhona wezasekhaya. Ngakho, kuma-republic ezintathu efana naleyo kwenziwe ngaphambi 1991 izenzakalo ka-October. Kungashiwo okufanayo kubonakala yonke ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Ngakho, Russian Federation ulimi isimo unjalo yeRiphabliki waseBelarus. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu kubonakala kuwo wonke amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kwamanye amazwe, bekubonakala sengathi sasinjani isimo isiRashiya. Kwezinye zalezi izinqubo kuyabonakala ngisho manje. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula Tajikistan, lapho izinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule khona ngokomthetho uvinjelwe izibongo Russian.
Izizathu siqhuba inqubomgomo yolimi anjalo esikhathini Russian Federation
Injongo yokuqala lapho kwemukelwa nomthetho ofanele kwakungamelwe ukuqinisa ukuma Russian ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo ngo erenki kazwelonke. Khona-ke wencike isidingo sokuqinisa zomthetho kwenqubomgomo nokwenza okuphathelene nolimi, ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi. Futhi, ke kwakudingekile ukuze abonise ubunye isimo, okwakuyinto ebalulekile ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi iminyaka 91-93. Phela, uma kukhona Zaziwukubonakaliswa eminingi kangaka separatism kanye nesifiso secede kusukela isimo (okuyinto ngenhlanhla ifomu kancane buthaka usengakwazi kubonakala amanye Russian Federation). Khona-ke kwakubalulekile ukuba unqobe izinkinga ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze bonke yasetshenziswa izindlela.
Isimo samanje
Manje esisetshenziswe ekuxhumaneni ulimi olusemthethweni isiRashiya. Ngokuvamile-ke umelwe ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Ukuze ukuqokwa esetshenziswa imiqondo emibili - izilimi isimo futhi esemthethweni. Ngamunye wabo ilungile. Ngeshwa, kuze kube yilolu suku akukho incazelo ecacile ngayinye imiqondo. Ngakho asikwazi ukudweba noma iyiphi iziphetho iguma mayelana nokuthi ngaso linye kwabo phakathi kwabo. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa yokuthi izinga WaseRussia ibona eyodwa kuphela ulimi isimo - Russian, okuyinto esetshenziswa abantu eziningi kakhulu zaleli zwe. Isifundo sakhe yezwe kudala timo letifanele. Isici esiyinhloko yokuthi ukuthi empeleni yokuthi isiRashiya isetshenziswa uhulumeni wendawo kanye in the izitho kahle kwemandla embuso, kwamalikhodi zomthetho nokunye.
amagama umehluko
Ake sibheke umqondo izilimi isimo futhi esemthethweni ngokuya UNESCO. Bakholelwa nabathandekayo babo, kodwa hhayi ezifanayo ejiyile. Ngakho, izazi zabo, ngo-1953 kwahlongozwa ukuchaza njengoba ulimi isimo esisodwa lapho ukuhlanganiswa zezombusazwe, amasiko nezenhlalo. Ngakho, uma ibanjwe ukhona yini umkhosi othile mass ukuthi uqhutshwa Russian. Nakuba ulimi olusemthethweni ngokombono UNESCO - nguye isetshenziswa ekuphathweni komphakathi, imithetho kanye nenqubo okuqhutshwa zokwahlulela. Ukuzibophezela enguqulweni yawo zingatholakala ku emiThethwenikambiso yasePoland, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Slovakia, e-Austria, Turkey naseKhupro. Ukuba khona nje definition impikiswano enkulu kuyinto eFrance naseSpain, kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho uthi ezincane (lokhu kungenxa izici oshayiwe sendawo). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lwabantu abavamile ezivamile isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuthola ukulungisa inqubo kanye imiphumela yalomsebenti wezwe.
mayelana nezici
Manje ake sibheke le yokuqedela ithinta ukuba umbono walokho ulimi isimo. Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuphawulwe ngobuhlobo obuseduze ezweni yangempela ekhona. Esikhathini Russian Federation ulimi isimo ukhonza njengomdala wokuxhumana ezindaweni ayisihluthulelo ukuxhumana nomphakathi elixube. Uyilungu njengesifanekiselo, futhi baxhumana besizwe esithile. Ulimi olusemthethweni kuwo wonke amazwe self-ukuhlonipha kuza ekuthuthukiseni kanye nokusetshenziswa. Ngakho, ngaphandle sphere olusemthethweni, lingatholakala ngaphezulu imfundo zokuxhumana nowonk 'uwonke. Futhi manje ake sixoxe izilimi sezwe, kanye le Russian Federation.
Lapho, lokho futhi ngasiphi ezingeni ukusetshenziswa?
Ake uqale nge lapho isiRashiya isetshenziswa njengoba isimo. Kukhona amazwe amabili kuphela: Belarus kanye Russian Federation. Kukhona 4 kvazisubekta ngaphezulu: i Pridnestrovian iMoldavian Republic, LC, DNI naseNingizimu Ossetia. Kodwa ngoba emhlabeni kulezi zindawo izingxabano elisontiwe isimo labo elisemthethweni kuncane kakhulu ukuthi sizwisise ke uziziba. Amazwe lapho isiRashiya isetshenziswa izikhungo zombuso kanye noMasipala has isimo esemthethweni, ukuthi Kazakhstan futhi Kyrgyzstan. Hhayi okungenani ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi angikwenzi usebenzisa zezigodi zabo, kanye nokulutheka abalulekile kwi-RF zamanje. Manje ake ukudabula ezweni lapho isiRashiya imisebenzi isikhulu esisebenza. Ziyakwazi:
- Ukraine.
- Tajikistan.
- Uzbekistan.
- Israyeli.
- I-New York (USA).
uhlu okusha tifundvo eSigabeni Russian Federation, ezithinta izici zabo, kungatholakala kwi website esemthethweni neziphathimandla. Okunabileko ulimi Bashkir kazwelonke. Iqiniso ukuthi siye sachazwa kule isimo kudala njengoba 1920. Ngokuvamile, ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo ezifana impela kancane, ngakho uzoba nokuthile ukumgcina ngimatasa futhi. Uma sikhuluma Europe, ukuthi kukhona ngokusemthethweni wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi: Russian Federation, Belarus, Belgium, eNetherlands, eFinland, eJalimane nase-Ireland. Kodwa kunalokho bayehluleka ukubonisa izimfanelo isimo sangempela. Iqiniso lokuthi emazweni amaningi eYurophu - ulimi multi-, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokusemthethweni esetshenziswa eyodwa kuphela. Okubalulekile kusukela iphuzu geopolitical umbono, kuba ukuthi ukuhola izwe izindlela ezinokuthula (mhlawumbe nezomnotho, okungukuthi, ukuthi abantu ngokwabo ongathanda) ukunyusele isiRashiya njengoba isimo kwamanye amazwe.
isiphetho
Asithathe okuncane mayelana nokuthi imvelo embulungeni yonke. Ngubani siwulimi olukhulunywa emazweni yokuxhumana ubhekwa ngesiNgisi. On inyatheliswe amaphepha amaningi ngokwesayensi futhi baqhuba ibhizinisi ukuxhumana. Amanye amazwe, ukuze kube lula cwaningo ezakhamuzi zayo, ukungena English ngolimi lwezwe olusemthethweni. Kodwa njengoba umthetho, ibhekisela esikhathini esidlule, noma amakoloni, noma isimo amancane asiphumelelanga kakhulu.