OKVED - kuyini? Incazelo

Emadokhumenti amaningi asetshenziselwa amabhizinisi amabhizinisi anamuhla, amakhodi we-OKVED aboniswa. Iyini injongo yabo? Umnikazi wenkampani ukhetha kanjani ikhodi efanele ye-classifier efanele?

Iyini injongo ye-OKVED?

Okuvamile, futhi ngenxa yalokho aziwa kuphela ochwepheshe abancane, isifinyezo se-OKVED - kuyini? Leli gama linqunywe njengesigaba se-All-Russian ngezinhlobo zomsebenzi wezomnotho. Kwezinye izimo, kubhekiswa nangokuthi "i-code classifier" yomsebenzi wezomnotho, okuyisisekelo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba ngokwenza i-OKVED ivame ukusetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi kumongo wamakhodi womsebenzi wezomnotho.

Ngakho, i-classifier ye-OKVED ihlanganisa uhlu lwamakhodi wemisebenzi yezomnotho yamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene akhiqiza izimpahla namasevisi. Eqinisweni, lokhu kungumqulu osemthethweni esimweni sesenzo somthetho, okumele sisetshenziswe amabhizinisi angena ebuhlotsheni obuhlukahlukene bomthetho. Yiziphi?

Ubuhlobo bomthetho nokusetshenziswa kwe-OKVED

Ngakho-ke, siyazi ukucaciswa kwesifinyezo se-OKVED. Luhlobo luni lokuhlukanisa lokhu okuvela embonweni osebenzayo? Njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kufaka amakhodi ahambisana nezinhlobo ezithile zezimpahla namasevisi akhiqizwa amabhizinisi aseRussia. Lezi zimakhodi zingasiza kumafemu, ikakhulukazi:

- ngqo lapho ebhaliswa ne-Federal Tax Service;

- ekwenzeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubika - isibonelo, izibalo, ukubalwa kwezimali.

Kukhona amakhodi amaningana angakhona we-firm. Phakathi kwabo, njengomthetho, kukhona inani elincane - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kuphela 1, eyisisekelo, okunye - eyengeziwe. Kuzoba usizo ukucabangela lezi zindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa i-OKVED ngokuningiliziwe.

Amakhodi OKVED uma ubhalisa ibhizinisi ku-Federal Tax Service

Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe, uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lobuhlobo bomthetho, ngaphakathi lapho i-classifier ye-OKVED ingaba usizo - ngokukhipha izinqumo ngemisebenzi yomsebenzi, ikakhulukazi ukubhaliswa kwenkampani ku-Federal Tax Service njengenhlangano yomnotho. Le nqubo iyimpoqo kusukela ekubukeni kokuqala kwebhizinisi lezomthetho ngabasunguli benkampani.

Ukuze ubhalise ne-Federal Tax Service, umnikazi webhizinisi uhambisa imibhalo yeHhovisi emafomu asekelwe lapho kubalulekile ukukhombisa ikhodi ye-OKVED ehambisana nemisebenzi ye-firm. Uma ikhodi ethile ishiwo ngokungafanele, okungukuthi, isiqondiso sangempela somsebenzi wezomnotho webhizinisi ngeke sihambisane nayo, ngakho-ke kungashukumisa ukunakekelwa kakhudlwana emsebenzini wenkampani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngezinye izikhathi - ukwenqaba kwe-FTS ukubhalisa ibhizinisi.

Ngokungeziwe, futhi uma uxhumana ne-FSS OKVED ingafika kahle. Umthetho ungase unikeze ubudlelwane bomthetho phakathi kwezinkampani ezizimele kanye nalo mnyango ngezinkinga zomshuwalense, ngaphakathi kohlaka oluhlelwe ukuhambisa amadokhumenti aqukethe amakhodi ebhizinisi ku-FSS.

Amakhodi OKVED ekubikeni

Ubuhlobo obulandelayo, lapho amakhodi angasiza khona, lapho imisebenzi ye-OKVED ibonakala khona - ukwakheka kwezinhlobonhlobo zokubika ngebhizinisi. Ngokuyinhloko, izibalo noma ukubalwa kwezimali.

Iqiniso liwukuthi emibhalweni eyakhiwe ezinhlokweni ezifanele zokubika, kuvame ukudingeka ukuba ucacise la makhodi ukuze ukwazi ukubona ngokunembile iphrofayli yezomnotho yebhizinisi.

Ukwakhiwa kwekhodi ye-OKVED

Ngakho-ke, manje sesiyazi ukuthi i-classifier ye-OKVED iyini, yimuphi uhlobo lomthombo, yiziphi izincazelo ezibonakalayo zesicelo sayo. Kuzoba usizo ukucabangela ukuthi iyiphi ikhodi engayimelwa yi-classifier efanelekile. Izimiso zokwakheka kwezinkomba ezifanele zimiswe ngumnyango osebenzayo - uMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Kwezomnotho waseRussia. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ochwepheshe abathile, izinhlobo zase-Russian OKVED zaziyisisekelo esiqenjini saseYurophu futhi ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nabo ngokunquma uhlu lwezenzo zezomnotho. Ngokuyinhloko, izibalo ezingu-4 zokuqala ku-OKVED yaseRussia ngenhlobo ethile yomsebenzi ngokuvamile zihambelana nalabo abamukelwe ekuhlukaniseni amazwe ngamazwe.

Kanti, ezinye izibalo ziveza izimpawu zesigaba esithile somnotho eRussia. Isibonelo, uma sinayo ikhodi 01.13.22 OKVED, ukucacisa kwayo kusukela ekubukeni kwesakhiwo kuyoba kanje.

Izibalo ezimbili zokuqala - 01 - zikhombisa ububanzi benkampani. Kulokhu, ezolimo. Idijithi yesithathu - 1 - ibonisa ukuthi inkampani yezomnotho yenza imisebenzi emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Izibalo ezisele zikhombisa inqwaba ethize kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo lapho ibhizinisi likhula-kulokhu, amantongomane. Ihambisana ngempela nekhodi ephawuliwe.

Qaphela ukuthi lamakhodi afana ne-OKVED ngokuya ku-OK 029-2001. Kuyini, manje sizocabangela.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ibhizinisi linombuzo othi "hlobo luni lwe-OKVED kufanele lukhonjiswe kumadokhumenti ngaphakathi kohlaka lobuhlobo obusemthethweni," kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isichazamazwi esifanele samakhodi ahambelanayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi e-Russia kukhona ngempela 3 kubo. Umthombo ofanele wamakhodi kufanele ukhethwe kanjani?

Ngiyiphi i-classifier okufanele ngiyisebenzise?

Ngempela, manje eRussia kunezinhlobo ezingu-3 ezifakiwe OKVED. Kuyini lokhu okuphawulekayo komthetho wezomthetho?

Isigaba sokuqala sohlobo olulungile satholwa eRussian Federation ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Leli dokhumenti Kulungile 029-2001. Sekuyisikhathi eside, sisetshenziswe njengomthombo wedatha lapho ubhalisa amabhizinisi kanye nokucubungula amadokhumende kuhlaka lomunye ubudlelwane bomthetho.

Kamuva, esinye isigaba sezemisebenzi sezomnotho saqala - OK 029-2007, kodwa isicelo salo senziwa ngaphakathi kobuhlobo obusemthethweni obuhlobene nobuhlobo bomthetho, obuhlobene kakhulu nokuqoqwa yizinhlangano zombuso ezifanele zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemininingwane yezibalo. Ngokuvamile, ayisetshenziselwa amabhizinisi ezentengiselwano.

Ngokulandelayo, esinye isihlukanisi senziwe - Kulungile 029-2014, kanti okokuqala akukhanseliwe. Kwase kwesikhashana ukuhlelwa kwesicelo sabo kwakungaphansi kokulawulwa ngokomthetho ngumthetho. I-ejensi enomthwalo wokubika kwentela yamabhizinisi - njengobungane obusemthethweni obubaluleke kakhulu nokubamba iqhaza kwezinhlangano zomnotho - zenze umgomo ngokuvumelana nokuthi lawo mafemu abhaliswe ne-Federal Tax Service ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-OK 029-2014 ekusakazweni angeke athathe isinyathelo sokubhalisa kabusha amakhodi abo OKVED.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-OKVED: umtsetfo we-normative

Futhi, lapho ufaka ulwazi olusha mayelana namabhizinisi okubhalisa ukubhalisa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isichazamazwi esisha. Encwadini ka-11.07.2016, i-Federal Tax Service inikeze izincazelo ezifanele.

Ngakho-ke, i-classifier yokuqala ayisetshenzisiwe ekusebenzeni, nakuba idatha edluliselwe ku-FTS phakathi nesicelo sayo ingabonakaliswa kubhalisi bombuso. Uma kudingekile, njengoba kungasetshenziswa, ngokutadisha izenzo ezehlukene zomthetho ezivela ku-Federal Tax Service, i-agency efanelekayo ingakwazi ukuhumusha ngokuzimela amakhodi wemisebenzi yezomnotho yendlela entsha endala. Idokhumende KULUNGILE 029-2007 isetshenziswe ngokungajwayelekile. Umthombo o-OK 029-2014 usetshenzisiwe njengowokuqala. Ngakho-ke, uma ubhalisa inkampani, kanye nokushintsha ulwazi mayelana ne-OKVED ngendlela esizoyicabangela ngayo kamuva esihlokweni, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amakhodi avela kumthombo ofanele.

Kunconywa uma ukhetha amakhodi we-OKVED - amasevisi, imikhiqizo eyenziwe yibhizinisi ingahluka kakhulu, futhi umsunguli wayo akahlali njalo ekwazi ukuthola ukuvumelana okufanayo nabo esigabeni esicatshangelwe - ukufaka isicelo sokubonisana nochwepheshe be-Federal Tax Service ngokuqondile lapho ubhalisa ibhizinisi. Noma kubachwepheshe abanekhono ezinkampanini ezikhethekile.

Kulo xhumano, ukukhetha uhlobo lomsebenzi wenkampani ngokwe-OKVED kuyadingeka ebhizinisini?

Ukubaluleka kwe-OKVED: ukuhlukaniswa kwezomnotho

Okokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi izikhungo zombuso ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ezinesibopho sokuqoqa izibalo ezinkampanini zezomnotho, zinikeze iqinile inombolo ethile kwezinye izigaba. Isibonelo, i-OKPO. Ukuhlinzekwa okunikezwayo kwenziwa yizindikimba ngenjongo yokuchaza ukucaciswa kwegatsha lebhizinisi.

I-OKVED njengenkomba yezomthetho webhizinisi

Lokhu kulandela okulandelayo: kubalulekile ukukhombisa kahle uhlobo lomsebenzi we-firm OKVED ukuthi imizimba yombuso ingaqaphela ngokucacile ukuthi isebenza emthethweni. Iqiniso liwukuthi ezinye zezinhlobo zokuphatha azikwazi ukufezwa ngamabhizinisi abucala. Uma usho ngokucacile ikhodi ye-OKVED ngeyodwa yalezo ezihlobene nalezi zindawo zomsebenzi, i-FTS ingenqaba ukubhalisa ibhizinisi.

OKVED kanye nenhloko

Esinye isizathu sokubaluleka kahle kwe-OKVED emibhalweni esemthethweni ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi, izinkomba ezinkulu kakhulu ezinkampanini ezincane ezigunyaziwe zingase zibekwe ngokomthetho. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Okokuqala, uma umsunguli wenkampani ekhombisa ikhodi ehambelana nalolu hlobo lomsebenzi futhi enganikeli inani elanele lezindleko ezigunyaziwe, izindikimba eziqondayo zingasebenzisa izigwebo ezihlukile kulo.

I-OKVED neminikelo yesabelomali

Imisebenzi ngaphansi kwe-OKVED ingahle ihlukaniswe ngokuhlukile ngokusekelwe kwezidingo zomthetho zamafemu okukhokha izinkokhelo ezibhekisweni zombuso, kwisabelomali. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugweme izibopho zezezimali ezikhungethe iziphathimandla, kubalulekile ukurekhoda amakhodi alungile kumadokhumende asemthethweni ekuhlukaniseni imisebenzi yezomnotho.

Ngithola kanjani ikhodi engiyidinga?

Cabanga ukuthi, uma ezinye izinketho zingatholakali, ungasesha ikhodi ephezulu yomsebenzi wezomnotho kuma-classfiers wamanje. Siyavuma ukuthi sinokuthi sitholakale ku-029-2014.

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukunquma uhlobo oluyinhloko lomsebenzi weqinile osuvela eqinisweni lokuthi kusemqoka. Ngokuhambisana nale parameter, sifuna isigaba esilandelayo. Esikhathini se-OKVED, isichazamazwi samakhodi siqala ngezinhlamvu zesiLatini. Isibonelo, incwadi F ifana nomsebenzi womnotho, njengokuthi "Ukwakhiwa." Kulesi sigaba kunezigaba ezintathu ezikhona: 41 - izakhiwo, 41 - izakhiwo zobunjiniyela, umsebenzi wokwakha 43.

Siyavuma ukuthi inkampani yethu yakha izakhiwo, ngakho-ke sikhetha iqembu 41. Linamachungechunge amabili: 41.1 - ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi, 41.2 - ukwakhiwa. Njengoba senza umsebenzi wesibili, sikhetha i-subgroup efanelekile. Ngaphakathi kohlaka kwalo kukhona uhlobo olulodwa lomsebenzi onamakhodi OKVED 41.20 - ukwakhiwa. Siphinde sikhombise lapho sibhalisa inkampani, kanye namanye amadokhumenti ngaphakathi kohlaka lobuhlobo bomthetho lapho ibhizinisi lizobamba iqhaza khona.

Ngishintsha kanjani ikhodi?

Kungase kube nezimo lapho inhlangano izodinga ukushintsha ikhodi yomsebenzi wezomnotho ngaphambilini ebhaliswe ku-Federal Tax Service. Ukuxazulula le nkinga kungaba lula. Kudingeka ukuthi usebenzise futhi ku-Federal Tax Service futhi udlulise isicelo lapho ngendlela ehlelekile, lapho kufanele khona ikhodi entsha ye-OKVED. Ukudlulisela isicelo esifanele ku-ejensi, umnikazi wenkampani uzophinde adingeke ukuba akhiqize:

- ipasipoti;

- ukukhishwa okusha okuvela kwirejista - okukhishwa kungekuqaleni kwenyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kwesicelo ku-Federal Tax Service ngokushintsha kwamakhodi womsebenzi wezomnotho;

- Isitifiketi se-OGRN;

- imibhalo engumthetho;

- isinqumo esisemthethweni ngokulungiswa kwemisebenzi.

Imiqulu yokugcina engu-2 kumnikazi wenkampani kuzodingeka ilungiswe ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-OKVED, ulwazi olusungulwe kurejista yombuso. Ngakho-ke, izinguquko emithonjeni efanele kufanele zenziwe kusengaphambili, ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo ku-Federal Tax Service empikiswaneni ekhonjiwe. Futhi, uma wenza izinguquko ezibhalweni zombuso, kubalulekile ukukhokha imali yombuso. Okusho ukuthi, kumadokhumenti abhalwe ngenhla, kuzodingeka futhi wengeze irisidi yokukhokha kwayo.

Ukukhethwa kwamakhodi omsebenzi womnotho: ama-nuances

Yiziphi ezinye ze-nuances lapho usebenza namakhodi okukhulunywa ngalo?

Ngakho-ke, masiqaphele ukuthi emthethweni weRussia Federation azikho ukuvinjelwa ekuboniseni izinhlobo zemisebenzi yezomnotho okungeyona empeleni ezokwenza. Noma kunjalo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubonisa ukuthi iyengeziwe, kunokuba isisekelo.

Uma amakhodi wokuhlukanisa amakhodi ayisisekelo namasekondari, kunconywa ukuthi kuqala kokucabangela inani lemali engenayo eyodwa noma enye indawo yomsebenzi. I-OKVED, ehambisana nenzuzo enkulu, kufanele ifakwe njengeyona eyinhloko.

Uma usebenzisa amakhodi afanelekile, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwabo njengoba kuchazwe kumadokhumende ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, uma i-OKVED eyodwa ibhaliswe kunoma imuphi umthombo wokubika, ngakho kwenye ethunyelwe emnyangweni ofanayo, okufanayo kufanele kuboniswe.

Usomabhizinisi ngamunye udinga ukukhetha umsebenzi ozoletha imali engenayo kakhulu. Izoba yinto esemqoka ye-OKVED. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhetha amakhodi angeziwe. Uma kunenkinga kwinqubo yencazelo, ungasebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlukanisa (liqukethe incazelo eningiliziwe yazo zonke izenzo). Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ukunikezwa kwelayisense kunikezwa imisebenzi ethile.