Cruise kweminsalo, Russia nase-US

Kutfutfukiswa ezempi kanye isikhala nobuchwepheshe zamashumi amahlanu kwakungenxa maqondana nokusungulwa amathuluzi InterContinental ezingase zibe yingozi yesimo zamasu. isipiliyoni Nokho, isintu besilokhu zanqwabelana yazuza ukuthuthukiswa ngohlobo olukhethekile izinhlamvu, ngokuhlanganisa izici izindiza nezikhali ezicitshwayo. Bona ayebekwa ezinyakazayo ngu esisheshayo liquid noma injini okuqinile, kodwa usebenzisa lift indiza isici zakuqala design jikelele. Kwakuwusuku cruise ezicitshwayo. Russia (ke USSR), babengakwazi kubaluleke njengokugwema InterContinental kodwa umsebenzi yenziwa kakade kuzo. Ngokusebenzisa amashumi eminyaka, uye waphumelela. amasampula eziningana lolu hlobo isikhali isivele arsenal noma uzothatha indawo yabo phakathi kwababusi isivikelo ukuze bahlaseli ezingaba khona. Tibangela ngokwesaba nangokubheka isimo skungasebenzisi ugesi ngokuphelele isifiso zihlasela izwe lethu.

"Tomahawk" nge ibhomu neutron - Eighties okwakwenzeka

In the Eighties sekwephuzile inkulumo-ze-Soviet alalelwa kakhulu izinhlobo ezimbili ezintsha of izikhali American. Leli bhomu neutron, okuyinto okusongelayo nePentagon "sonke isintu okuqhubekayo", ngokuvumelana nezici zabo engumbulali kungaba ukuncintisana kuphela "Tomahawk". Lezi amagobolondo selachian ne mncane izindiza iDemo bakwazi sneak kuze akhatshana insimu Soviet kungaqashelwa, ecashele ukuthola izinhlelo ku gullies, imibhede emfuleni nezinye ayimigodi engokwemvelo ungqimba lomhlaba. Kuyinto kubuhlungu ngempela ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka zabo, futhi izakhamuzi aseSoviet ishaqiswe iqiniso lokuthi izizwe ekhohlisayo futhi ukudweba tekutfutfukisa talelive lokwakuvamile round entsha ye izingalo uhlanga, futhi isizathu kwaba cruise ezicitshwayo. IRussia yayinabantu okuthile ukuphendula usongo. abanye abantu unolwazi kakhulu abaziyo ukuthi eqinisweni, into efana isivele isakhiwa eSoviet Union, nezinto akukubi kangako.

ngembazo American

I sibonelo yazo zonke yesimanje cruise ezicitshwayo ingashiwo German indiza-igobolondo V-1 (V-1). Ngaphandle, kufana American "Tomahawk", wadala engamashumi amane kamuva: ngayo indiza ngqo futhi fuselage ewumngcingo, kulula primitiveness ngalé. Kodwa kunomehluko, nokunye okuningi. Izinhlamvu, iwine isicoco IsiZulu Cruise Missile, - akusiyo nje nangomcibisholo ifakwe iphiko, kungcono okungaphezu kwalokho. Ukuba lula kwangaphandle efihla isikimu eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yomsebenzi, isivikelo esiyinhloko-okuyinto ikhompyutha eshesha, kweso ukuthatha isinqumo ukushintsha inkambo futhi engamamitha, ukuze ugweme ukushayisana izithiyo. Kuyadingeka indiza at kokuwa eliphansi kakhulu ngesilinganiso esanele athobele neminye imibandela ka ukumangala, - ijubane ukulethwa kwenkokhiso elitsheni. Futhi kubalulekile ukuthi asebenza kahle "emehlweni 'we" oshaka ". Radar aboshelwe ekhaleni we projectile, wabona zonke izithiyo wadlula ulwazi mayelana ingqondo yabo electronic, okuyinto bacubungula impumuzo futhi wanikeza amasignali control handlebars (slats, enezinto, ailerons, kanjalonjalo.). Okugcwele leSupersonic cruise missile amaMelika abakutholanga: e imibuso nokukhawulela "Tomahawk" iza kuphela engxenyeni yokugcina trajectory, kodwa akuvimbeli ukuba iwusongo lwangempela namuhla, ikakhulukazi maqondana amazwe ukuthi akudingeki ephelele emoyeni futhi missile isimiso sokuzivikela.

X-90 Soviet

Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yini eyabangela uhulumeni wamaSoviet ukunikeza inkomba ekuqaleni KR ukuthuthukiswa. Mhlawumbe intelligence kubika mayelana ekuqaleni ucwaningo American kule ndawo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi umbono, esadaleka ekujuleni imfihlo ucwaningo nezikhungo nentshisekelo othile kusuka eMnyango Wezokuvikela. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1976 umsebenzi waqala, futhi usuku ekupheleni imisiwe incane - iminyaka eyisithupha. Zisuka nje, abaklami bethu baye baya ezithile ngendlela ehlukile kweyakho nozakwabo US. isivinini Subsonic abazange ukuyenga. Lo rocket bekumele inqobe zonke imingcele ukuvikela isitha ezingaba ku emachibini ultra-ongaphakeme. Futhi ngejubane leSupersonic. prototypes lokuqala bekakhona ekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi, eyabonisa ku ipholigoni ukuhlolwa imiphumela emihle kakhulu (kufika ku 3 M). luhlobo Imfihlo ngokuqhubekayo ngcono, futhi kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo kungaba ukundiza ngokushesha kunokuba velocities ezine umsindo kakade. Ngo-1997 kuphela, umphakathi emhlabeni eliye lakwazi ukubona lesi simangaliso ubuchwepheshe ngesikhathi MAKS lombukiso Hall Ucwaningo Production Association "Rainbow". Modern Russian cruise ezicitshwayo kukhona izindlalifa oqondile kweSoviet KH-90. Kwalona nje igama elithi uyasindiswa, kodwa wathi izikhali uye washintsha eziningi. Elementi base wayehlukile.

Ukwethulwa kwalesi rocket bekumele kwenziwe nge Tu-160, i-ekuhlaseleni omkhulu amasu ithwale ethekwini ibhomu e imitha-12 yayo izinhlamvu nge izindiza ukusonga. Inkampani yenethiwekhi ayiguquki.

"Koala"

Modern cruise Russian ezicitshwayo X-90 "Koala" kwaba lula futhi mfushane kuka amadlozi ayo; ubude bayo lingaphansi kuka 9 amamitha. Akwaziwa ngakho kancane, ikakhulu yokuthi ukhona kakhulu (ngaphandle kokuveza imininingwane) esikhathalela futhi ukuluma lozakwethu American. Isizathu ngokwesaba anda projectile ububanzi (3500 km), okuyinto ngokomthetho okuphula imigomo ye-INF Treaty (Intermediate ebanga). Kodwa ukuthi akesabi-United States, futhi iqiniso lokuthi lezi cruise ezicitshwayo amasu (njengoba bebizwa kanjalo, nakuba olwandle, awakwazi ukunqoba) akwazi "Hack" zonke yesimiso sokuzivikela imingcele missile ukuthi e-United States ngomusa kodwa kancane kancane wathutha maqondana imingcele Russian.

Le ndlela kakade lithole "NATO" ukuqokwa: Koala NJENGOBA-X-21. Sibiza ngokuhlukile, okungukuthi hypersonic izindiza zokuhlola (Gael).

Isimiso jikelele wesenzo liqukethe yokuthi, kusale amatheku ibhomu ye Tu-160 ezingeni ukuphakama amakhilomitha 7 kuya ku-20, lapho elungisa delta amaphiko nomsila, bese ukusebenzisa namafutha ngesivinini projectile ukuba Supersonic, emva kwalokhu kwethulwa injini main. Izinga ukwehla izimali kuze 5 M, Gael wakhe odlula umgomo, ezingasetshenziswa kakade kubhekwe esasizobhujiswa. KR nciphisa lokhu cishe kungenakwenzeka.

"Uranus", yemikhumbi yempi zezindiza

Anti-umkhumbi ejikijelwayo avame cruise. trajectory yabo, njengoba umthetho, afana ukulwa Yiqiniso nozakwabo eliwumhlaba. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zikhali eSoviet Union eyingoduso ehhovisi design "Inkanyezi". Ngo-1984, umklami abakhulu G. I. Hohlovu ukuthi ibuye ukudala izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi yokulwa isitha ebusweni asolwandle Izinjongo displacement amathani afinyelela ku ayizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu (ie elincane) e nemibandela zokumelana electronic asebenzayo nemibandela eziyinkimbinkimbi Meteorological. Umphumela we-siyifeza kwaba X-35 "Uranus", ngokusho izici zayo, kube cishe kulingana kwemigomo American KR "inhlendla" futhi ingasetshenziswa imodi Salvo. Ububanzi kuyinto 120 km ukuhlulwa. Isakhiwo ifakwe simiso ukuthola, ukuhlonza nesiqondiso, esungulwe hhayi kuphela ukulwa Amayunithi Navy, kodwa futhi emoyeni abathwali (ezinophephela emhlane Ka-27, Ka-28, u-MIG-29, Su-24, Su-30, Su-35, Tu-142, Yak-141 kanye nabanye), okuyinto kakhulu yelula amakhono yalesi isikhali. Ukuqala ukwenziwa ultra-ongaphakeme engamamitha (200 m), anti-umkhumbi imicibisholo lolu hlobo abazenzi ngesivinini phezu 1,000 km / h amagagasi cishe (5 kuya 10 m, futhi ingxenye yokugcina trajectory futhi enza udedela ukuze amamitha amathathu). Banikezwe Ubukhulu encane projectile (4 m ubude, 40 cm), kungaba bazitshela ukuthi nciphisa yinkinga kakhulu.

"Amakhulu X"

Ngemva emoyeni izivikelo, kokubili kweSoviet futhi American, safinyelela ku sokuthuthukisa umthamo eziphakemeyo, nasemagqumeni, izinhlamvu isicelo svobodnopadayuschih ishiywe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe. Ukutholakala ekuhlaseleni okunomsoco, onokwethenjelwa futhi enamandla amasu utshelwa ngabaholi bezempi ukufuna ukusetshenziswa ngabo, futhi kwatholakala. E-US B-52, futhi eSoviet Union Tu-95 zaqala ukusetshenziswa njengendlela flying missile iziqhumane. Ngo nineties abathwali eyinhloko izinhlamvu Russian amacala Tactical futhi amasu, zilethwe indiza target ngaphandle ukweqa imingcele ukuzivikela, steel X-101. Ngo okufanayo nabo athuthukile cishe ngokuphelele imiklamo ezifanayo, yayikwazi ukuthwala sezikhali zenuzi. Bobabili i-CD okwamanje bahlukanisa, ukwazi ukusebenza kwabo izici wabeka kuphela inani elilinganiselwe abantu. Esikwaziyo ukuthi umfuziselo amasha enkonzo wathola futhi uhluke kakhudlwana ukulwa engaba (amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-nanhlanu namakhulu) futhi omuhle ukunqotshwa ukunemba (kufika ku-10 metres). Warhead X-101 has a high-eziyiziqhumane kwehlukana ukugxusha, futhi okubaluleke kunakho konke lokhu kuye. spetszaryada yenethiwekhi kungenzeka ingalingani ngakho: amandla ukuqhuma amashumi kilotons amamitha ambalwa niye kwesokunene noma kwesobunxele musa ukudlala indima enkulu. Ukuze X-102 (isithwali senuzi) kubaluleke ngaphezu ibanga.

"Winged" isu

Zonke izinto, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo izikhali kungabonwa kuphela isici ukuqhathanisa. Kukhona izimfundiso ezahlukene ukuvikela, futhi ngesikhathi lapho amanye amazwe abafuna ukubusa okuphelele emhlabeni wonke, kuyilapho abanye nje ufuna bazivikele kungenzeka proclivities nolaka. Uma uqhathanisa cruise kweminsalo, Russia nase-United States, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi imingcele lobuchwepheshe izikhali American musa idlule amakhono izimbangi zabo. Zombili izinhlangothi ukubhejela ukwanda ukulwa engaba, okuyinto awusakufuni CD kusukela esigabeni ngamaqhinga, enika ezingasho kubo "yamasu." Umqondo bakwazi ukuxazulula ukungaboni ngaso geopolitical ngokusebenzisa isiteleka okuzumayo destructional, hhayi ukuvakasha lokuqala ikhanda nePentagon ojenene - kwanele kokukhumbula izinhlelo ngamabhomu izikhungo Soviet enkulu yezimboni kanye nomkhakha wezokuvikela, athuthukiswe in the forties sekwephuzile kanye nabangamashumi amahlanu okuqala, ngokushesha ngemuva ukubonakala inombolo ezanele US sezikhali zenuzi.

AGM-158B ububanzi enwetshiwe, USA

Ukuvela izinhlobo ezintsha izikhali e-United States umcimbi obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Abakhokhi bentela ziyajabula ukwazi ukuthi imali ikhokhwe ngu ukuba isabelomali, isimo isibe omunye ubufakazi US ukubusa emhlabeni jikelele. Isilinganiselwa we elibusayo inyuka, abavoti nijabula. Ngakho kwaba ngo-2014, lapho i-US amabutho amasu Uthole entsha KR AGM-158B sisemoyeni, wadala ngaphansi kohlelo ukuzivikela Joint Air Ukuze Surface standoff Missile enwetshiwe Range, esifushanisiwe JASSM-ER, okusho ukuthi lo mkhiqizo kuhloswe ukuba ashaye ebusweni bomhlaba ine ezahlukene enwetshiwe kwezicelo. Undabamlonyeni isikhali entsha, nahlulele kusukela idatha eshicilelwe, nangayiphi indlela engcono X-102. indiza Ibanga AGM-158B iqukethe engacacile in ezahlukene - ukusuka 350 kuya 980 km, okusho kwencika yayo phezu isisindo warhead. Cishe, engaba wangempela icala yenuzi kuye kuyafana nalokho we-X-102, okungukuthi 3500 km. Russia nase-US cruise ezicitshwayo cishe ngejubane elifanayo, isisindo futhi izinhlangothi. Khuluma mayelana ukuphakama zobuchwepheshe American akudingekile futhi ngenxa yokunemba kangcono, kuyiqiniso, njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, lokhu kakhulu sokuboniswa zenuzi, enendawo cha.

Okunye KR eRussia kanye US

X-101 futhi X-102 - akuwona kuphela cruise imicibisholo arsenal Russian. Ngaphezu kwalokho zingabantu amasampula isexwayiso nezinye, ayihlomele Pulsejet njengoba 16 futhi X 10 XH (baze abanolwazi), anti-KS-1, i-DAC 2, i-DAC-5 ne ukuqhumisa warhead ephezulu alufakwa noma eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini oskolochno- noma imisebenzi zenuzi alufakwa. Ungakwazi khumbula zanamuhla KR X-20, ama-X-22 futhi X-55, eyaba sibonelo se-X-101. Bese kuba khona "zingomiswa," "Mosquito", "I-Amethyst", "Malachite", "i-basalt", "Granite", "Onyx", "Yakhont" kanye nezinye izithunywa "itshe" chungechunge. Lezi cruise ezicitshwayo eRussia iminyaka eminingi enkonzweni nge Lasemoyeni kanye Navy, futhi umphakathi ukwazi kubo okuningi, kodwa hhayi wonke.

AbaseMelika nabo babe isizukulwane ambalwa cruise kweminsalo ngaphambi kwe-AGM-158B. Lokhu Tactical "Matador» MGM-1, "Shark» SSM-A-3 "Greyhound» AGM-28, okukhulunywe ngaye "inhlendla", "Quick Hawk 'elisekela jikelele. Ungadikibali e-United States futhi kusukela eyethembekile "Tomahawk", kodwa asebenza X-51 ethembisa, ikhono fly ngesivinini hypersonic.

Kwamanye amazwe

Ngisho ezindaweni ezikude, lapho mayelana abahlaziyi lempi angakhuluma kuphela endabeni eqanjiwe, isici yezinto we Russian noma American usongo lempi, onjiniyela kanye nososayensi abasebenza ukuthuthukisa yayo cruise ezicitshwayo. Hhayi nakho okuhle kakhulu silwa ukuphathwa Falkland Islands, Argentina, kuye kwashukumisela ukwaba izimali ngoba ubunjiniyela "Taba AM-1." Pakistan "Hatf Baber-VII 'kungenziwa run kusuka phansi ukufaka, imikhumbi-ngwenya, it has a isivinini Subsonic (cishe 900 km / h) futhi uhla km kuze kufinyelele 700. Waze kuhlinzekelwe, ngaphezu ezivamile, warhead yenuzi. EChina, ezintathu izinhlobo ekhiqizwa KR (YJ-62, YJ-82, YJ-83). Taiwan ihlangabezana "Syunfenom 2E". Umsebenzi kuyaqhubeka, ngezinye izikhathi ngempumelelo kakhulu emazweni ase-European (eJalimane, eSweden, France), kanye e-UK, inhloso okuyinto ukuthi aseqeli cruise kweminsalo, Russia noma e-United States, futhi ukuthola isikhali eliphumelelayo wamabutho abo. Ukudala imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kanye zobuchwepheshe ezifana ibiza kakhulu, kanti impumelelo eziphambili kulo mkhakha ayatholakala ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu kuphela.