Sokuzingela okuzenzakalelayo Simonov: izici nesithombe

ABC-36 - isibhamu othomathikhi Simonov, eyakhululwa ngo-1936. Njengoba ekuqaleni lwasungulwa njengendlela isikhali self-ukulayisha sokuzingela, kodwa ngaleso Abaklami Ungeze ngcono emigqeni imodi ukudubula. Ingabe isibhamu okokuqala othomathikhi chambered for 7,62, eyamukelwa yiSoviet Union, futhi isibhamu wokuqala emhlabeni kuleli kilasi, wangenela inkonzo ngokomthetho. Esikhathini yokugcina ukufinyelela ABC-36 ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje ngaphambi kwe-American M1 Garand. Namuhla sizobe sesibheka umlando lapho kuvezwa sokuzingela othomathikhi Simonov kanye nemingcele yayo eyinhloko yezobuchwepheshe.

design

I sibonelo wokuqala sokuzingela othomathikhi Simonov yethulwa ngo-1926. Ngemva kokubuka izinto ohlongozwayo S. G. Simonovym lekomiti yalo msebenzi wezikhali banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo ukuvumela lezi zikhali ekuhlolweni. Ngo-1930, ukuncintisana izingalo umklami kuphumelele. okuncintiswana main kaSimoni ekuklanyweni ngezibhamu othomathikhi baba FV Tokarev. Ngo-1931, ngokuqhubeka ukusebenza ekuthuthukiseni isibhamu sakhe Simonov kakhulu ethuthukisiwe yayo.

ukuqashelwa

Simonov sokuzingela othomathikhi kahle lwavivinywa endaweni, kuphumele gunsmiths Soviet unqume ukukhipha batch encane ABC for lixuku ebanzi ukuhlolwa. Kanyekanye ukukhululwa kwe-iqoqo lokuqala wanikelwa ukusungula inqubo ekuqaleni 1934 ukuqala ikhiqizwe ngokugcwele. Dedela kuhlelwe ukusungula e Izhevsk, lapho Simon wangena umuntu ukusiza inhlangano yenqubo ukukhiqizwa. Ngo-March 1934, iKomiti Wezokuvikela wase-USSR lathatha isinqumo on ukuthuthukisa ABC-36 ukuze umthamo ukukhiqizwa ngonyaka ozayo.

Ngokusho imiphumela yokuhlolwa imodeli iminyaka 1935-1936 Simon ukuba sidlule siye sabonisa kangcono kakhulu ukwedlula le isampula Tokarev. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuba iqiniso lokuthi ahlukene ABC amasampula phakathi novivinyo ehluleka. Ekuphetheni ikhomishana observation, imbangela iloli steel yokukhiqiza ukukhubazeka, hhayi ukuklama amaphutha. Ubufakazi lokhu kwakungamadodana prototypes lokuqala sokuzingela, owawusedolobheni bengaphumuli kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane 27 isibhamu.

Ukwamukela

Ngo-1936, isibhamu sohlobo lwe-othomathikhi Simonov sebemukele USSR. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi isikhali lokuqala othomathikhi ngaphansi iRed Army sokuzingela igobolondo 7,62. Isikhali wangenela inkonzo babengafani sibonelo esilandelayo izixazululo.

Ngo-1938, ABC-36 kwase kuqala ambonisa obala ngesikhathi woSuku Luka-May lempi umbukiso. Ubethula ehlome ngemicibisholo Okokuqala eMoscow yesigaba sabasebenzi Division. NgoFebhuwari 26 kwalowo nyaka, AI Bykhov, Umqondisi we Izhevsk isitshalo, wathi lwe-ABC (sokuzingela othomathikhi Simonov) yingcweti ngokugcwele bafakwa ekukhiqizweni.

Kamuva, lapho uStalin ngabe oda ukwakha sokuzingela okuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokuba nokwenzeka kokudubula kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo, ABC-36 sizobuyiselwange SVT-38. Isizathu sokuba isinqumo esinjalo kanye nokwenqaba umlilo okuzenzakalelayo yaqala ukonga zezibhamu.

Lapho ABC-36 abaye bamukela, ivolumu ukukhiqizwa yayo ikhuphuke kakhulu. Ngakho, ngo-1934, bavela elihambayo 106 amakhophi, ngo-1935 - 286, ngo-1937 - 10280, futhi ngo-1938 - 23401. Production kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1940. Ngalesi sikhathi it wadedelwa cishe izinkulungwane 67 ngezibhamu.

design

Isimiso ezisebenza we isibhamu othomathikhi kusekelwe nenselele powder amagesi. Imodeli engaciba kokubili cartridges olulodwa noma Imodi othomathikhi. Ukushintsha ama izindlela ngokudubula kwenziwa nge isigwedlo ekhethekile, elise ohlangothini kwesokudla umamukeli. Imodi Single eziyisisekelo. Shoot uthembele uma kwenzeka anenombolo enganele izibhamu division. Njengoba umlilo okuqhubekayo, wavumela amasosha kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu uma kukhona ukuhlaselwa ngokuzumayo isitha kusuka ebangeni elingaphansi kuka-150 metres. Kulesi irowu ungachitha ezitolo hhayi ningi than 4, ukuze ugweme okweqile kanye ukugqoka ka letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo isibhamu.

Negesi eziqhutshwa umhlangano, i-piston elinendawo unhlangothi esifushane, engaphezulu emgqonyeni. block Kuqondile (nhlonhlo), oluthi uvala siya Slots owamukelayo. Line ukufuduka iyunithi kuphambuka mpo ngo-5 °, okuyinto kusiza ngesandla uvula isivalo. Lapho block ihamba phezulu, kuziwa ku yesivalo namantombazane futhi ikhiye ke. Wokuvula kwenzeka lapho bamba okuyinto ehlangene iyunithi igesi piston ekucindezela phansi. Ngenxa yokuthi iyunithi ukukhiya elise phakathi magazini kanye breech, le cartridges Kondliwa ekamelweni ngumuntu indlela eside futhi emaweni, ngokuvamile okuholela ukubambezeleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yalesi umamukeli ethile ibe ngekarisako ubude futhi eyinkimbinkimbi design.

sokuzingela okuzenzakalelayo Simonov futhi lalinesango eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwaku ngaphakathi okuyinto: kokudubula pin isiphethu, izingxenye indlela asibambe apharathasi protivootskoka. Lwakamumva ngezibhamu ekhishwe ngaphambi 1936, ezahlukene inhlamvu kudivayisi, asikiwe futhi ayeke mainspring.

izindlela sokudubula

Ngokusho imiyalelo, mshini imodi ukudubula ivinjelwe ukhiye ekhethekile, ukufinyelela lapho kwaba kuphela esikwatini. Ezimweni olukhethekile, wavumela amabutho ukuze uthumele izibhamu zawo kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo. Ingabe imiyalo banamathela amasosha - iphuzu moot. Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi esimweni isibhamu Fyodorov uthole ezandleni umlilo umhumushi ayengakwenza kuphela isosha osanda kushona kokuxilongwa ezifanele. Futhi ngesikhathi seMpi YaseVietnam, izikhulu US esingu umhumushi indlela nge Amasosha M14 ngezibhamu, ukuze igweme ukuba kube khona ukwenza ekuqhumeni sokudubula, okuyinto, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ABC-36, kuba cishe engenamsebenzi ekuphathweni umlilo nalo. Shoot it Kunconywa endaweni lisalele kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo, esitobhini, ne prikladkoy efanayo uma ngokudubula kusukela isibhamu DP. Ukuthwebula isibhamu ongayedwa ovela ukuma noma uhleli, ubambe Bhalobhasha isibhamu kusuka phansi esitolo ngesandla sobunxele.

ngesilinganiso

Izinga Technical komlilo sokuzingela othomathikhi Simonov kwaba cishe ngo-800 imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Nokho, In practice, lokhu babengamaphesenti ephansi kakhulu. imicibisholo Baqeqeshelwa pre-wagcwalisa izitolo esikhiqiza 25 imizuliswano ngomzuzu isibani olulodwa 50 - emigqeni, futhi 80 - emlilweni okuqhubekayo. evulekile uhlobo sipe kube nebanga emehlweni kusuka 100 1500 m, e ziyakhula 100 m.

Supply izinhlamvu

isibhamu nezinhlamvu supply lenziwa detachable ezitolo isikela, kunesithembiso 15 imizuliswano. esitolo ukuma kwabangelwa khona usebe projecting ngesikhathi igobolondo isetshenziswa. Hlomisani izitolo kungaba kokubili behlukile isikhali, futhi kuso, kusukela Ukugunda avamile. Amasampula ngezibhamu ekhishwe ngaphambi 1936 kungabuye ifakwe izitolo phezu 10 no-20 cartridges.

insabule

Wendlovu Simonov sokuzingela othomathikhi kwaba ifakwe omkhulu nomlomo ukubopha futhi zanda insabule. On izinguqulo zangaphambilini insabule angase unamathisele hhayi nendawo kuphela kodwa futhi nhlonhlo thwi phansi. Ngale ndlela-ke bekumele ingasetshenziswa njengendlela bipod eyodwa-ezinemilenze ersatz ngokudubula e-isikhundla yizikhukhula. Nokho, incazelo sokuzingela, ekhishwe ngo-1937, unqabela ukusetshenziswa okunjalo insabule-ummese, enquma esikhundleni ukudubula kwimodi okuzenzakalelayo, ngokugcizelela olele Turf noma bedroll. Empeleni, lo update kwaba okungalungile, unikezwa ukuthi njengoba 1936 ayisekho athole isibhamu nge insabule-gazinga. Ngokusobala, ezikhangayo ngemcondvo ngenjongo yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza into enjalo abajwayelekile, ezifana insabule, empeleni iye kungafaneleki uqobo. Phakathi nalolo hambo insabule kubekezelelwe emgodleni wayo nasezinsikeni ibhande lakhe fighter yaseNdiya, lapho yahlala, futhi uma ngokudubula.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Simonov sokuzingela othomathikhi kwadingeka nemingcele ezilandelayo:

1. Isisindo kanye insabule kanye emgodleni, emehlweni optical kanye nokugcina egcwele cartridges - mayelana 6 kg.
2. Isisindo sokuzingela ngaphandle ashaya, izinto kanye yezitolo - 4.050 kg.
3. Isisindo ifakwe esitolo - 0,675 kg.
4. Isisindo esitolo ezingenalutho - 0,350 kg.
5. IMisa insabule scabbard - 0,550 kg.
6. Isisindo emehlweni ubakaki - 0,725 kg.
7. Bracket Isisindo - 0,145 kg.
8. izingxenye ezithathekayo IMisa (ekunqandeni kanye yesivalo elihlangana Leli qembu) - 0.5 kg.
9. Magazine umthamo - 15 imizuliswano.
10. Calibre - 7,62 mm.
11. Ubude nge insabule - 1.520 m.
12. Ubude ngaphandle insabule - 1,260 m.
13. Ubude rifled emgqonyeni ingxenye - 0.557 m.
14. Inombolo anemifantu - 4.
15. Fly ukuphakama - 29,8 mm.
16. Ubude unhlangothi yesivalo - 130 mm.
17. Labadubuli range (sextant) - 1500 m.
18. Flight ububanzi ichashazi (pridelnyh) - 3000 m.
19. Isivinini nomlomo (kokuqala) - 840 m / s.
20. Ukukala lomlilo (Technical) - 800 imizuliswano ngomzuzu.

owalandela

May 22, 1938 umenyezelwe mncintiswano elilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa isibhamu esisha semi-automatic, esekelwe nenselele powder amagesi. Ekuhlolweni yokuncintisana, esukela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo ekwindla ekuqaleni konyaka efanayo, waya kuSimoni uhlelo, Tokarev, Rukavishnikova nezinye gunsmiths kancane abadumile. Ekupheleni kuka-November, aphethwe isifinyezo ngezilingo, okwaphumela Februwari 1939 enikela inkonzo eSoviet Union wathatha isibhamu Tokarev, ngokuthi CBT-38. Ngobusuku obandulela 19 Januwari, Simonov wathi ukuqedwa kwazo zonke amaphutha isibhamu sakhe ngethemba lokuthi bangamnika elinye ithuba. Ngu ekupheleni komnyaka efanayo idaliwe umsebenzi okhethekile ukuhlola Tokarev futhi Simonov izinhlelo ngokuya abheke ukuthi kungenzeka yezimboni nezomnotho.

Waphetha ukuthi CBT kwatholakala ukuthi elula kakhudlwana futhi kancane ebizayo okwenza. Noma kunjalo, iKomiti Wezokuvikela zase-USSR, ukulwela rearmament okusheshayo, akazange siyeke umbono ka ekukhiqizweni Tokarev isibhamu. Ngakho indaba yakhe kuphelile Simonov sokuzingela othomathikhi, ukubuyekeza lempi owawungumnyaka isihloko ingxoxo yethu.

Tokarev ukukhiqizwa usumisiwe ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi kusukela ngo-October 1, 1939, okukhiphayo okwedlulele. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthi kwakuhileleke Tula sithombo esingatshalwanga kulesi sici saphela ukukhiqizwa Mosin ngezibhamu. Ngo-1940 steel imodeli futhi ngezinye Izhevsky izingalo ifektri, owawuke ekhiqizwa AVS-36.

Umphumela wokusebenza

ABC-36 (sokuzingela othomathikhi Simonov isampula ngonyaka ka-1936) njengoba ubugcwele aluthembekile ngokwanele ukuze isetshenziswe mass emabuthweni ahlomile. Akusiso design lula futhi inani elikhulu Umumo arareneko enziwa ukukhiqizwa yayo kuyabiza kakhulu ngokuya ngesikhathi nangezimfanelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhululwa walo cishe zonke izigaba ezidinga kwabasebenzi abanekghono kakhulu.

umklamo Izibhamu ivumela inhlangano yayo ngaphandle uvala iyunithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi izikhali ezinjalo kungaba ukudubula ngisho. Endabeni owamukelayo shot uyabhujiswa, futhi iqembu slide landizela esasigcine Bhalobhasha. Lasekuqaleni ukukhiya nhlonhlo nayo kungafaneleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile khohlanisa ubungqabavu inhlamvu.

Kucatshangwa ngakho konke lokhu isibhamu othomathikhi Simonov, omlando wakhe sesibuyekeze, wakhumbula njengohlelo lokuqala yayo izikhali uhlobo, eyamukelwa izingalo omkhulu futhi kulolo vivinyo ezimweni ukulwa. Wabuye waba isibonelo sokuqala izikhali e-USSR, wadala uzibeka ngokwalokho onjiniyela yasekhaya, yingcweti bafakwa ekukhiqizweni. Okwesikhathi yayo ABC-36 kwaba khona isibhamu ezinhle.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi Finnish sokuzingela Army ethumba Simonov ayethanda sokuzingela Tokarev SVT, okwakubekelwa kubhekwe eziqinile.

sniper version

Idlanzana badedelwa ngo-1936 sniper izibhamu ABC. Kusukela cartridges wachitha zaziphonswa futhi phambili, nabaqambi sinqume ukuzizuzela ubakaki kwesokunxele we-optical emehlweni ahlangene emgqonyeni. Yokukhanya ukuthi kuhloswe reticle ngentambo ezimbili evundla eyodwa mpo. Phuma umfundi ubukhulu zazilingana 7.6 mm, it is lasuka lens eyepiece 85 mm. Ukubona iye yandisa inani labantu izithombe ngezinye izikhathi ezine. Zonke ezinye version sniper akazange zihluke esiku sokuzingela othomathikhi Simonov, isithombe abathanda abaye bafunda izikhali eziningi.