I zivusa ngoba ukuba ukumba isihlabathi noma: isimiso wokusebenza kanye nezinhlobo

Sand - intfo lebaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto esetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwanoma iyiphi izakhiwo. Sand njengendlela yokwakha ikhiqizwa vivo futhi ngenxa umthelela izici eziningi zemvelo. On izimo ngaphansi okuyinto kwakhiwa idiphozithi yanoma isihlabathi, encike ngqo kwi izindlela zayo zokukhiqiza.

Sand kuba izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo edwaleni. Angaba phansi emadanyini, futhi umhlaba, okukhulunywa ngawo bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli ebusweni. Futhi sebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa yayo.

Yini edingekayo ukuze ukukhiqizwa

Kodwa ukuze uthole isihlabathi aphume emathunjini omhlaba, kudingeka singagcini amaloli kuphela, alahle amaloli, zivusa esikhethekile ukuba ukumba isihlabathi noma, kodwa ilayisensi umsebenzi onjalo endaweni ethile, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo, akukho emthethweni. Ilayisensi kuyadingeka kubo bonke abavukuzi, ngaphandle abanikazi bamazwe engadini kanye izingadi, kanye namabhizinisi eziye zenzeka ezindaweni ukukhiqizwa phezu izimayini umngcele ukususwa nezwe umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.

Izindlela ngoba ukuba ukumba isihlabathi noma

Ukuze indlela isizinda isihlabathi ngamunye esetshenziswa imishini ephambili nezinqubo zesimanje.

Indlela yokuqala - isizinda ezomile. Kulesi ndlela, isihlabathi akhishwa inkwali. Isebenzisa izindlela eziqondile kanye nemishini izimayini ovulekile kwanoma iyiphi namaminerali. Ukuze uqale, ukwenza imishini, bese ziba ngcono iziqhumane, bese kamuva ukulayishwa ngamaloli, izitholele nezinto zokuya izimboni kanye namabhizinisi.

Indlela sesibili kuhilela isizinda isihlabathi kusuka phansi emzimbeni amanzi (echibini, umfula, yolwandle engajulile). Kulokhu, umklamo ekhethekile - zivusa ngoba ukuba ukumba isihlabathi noma. Futhi, njengoba nakuyicabanga, ingasetshenziswa dlinnostrelochnye abembayo, abembayo nge ebhakedeni Ufaka. Nokho, lezi zinto kuyabiza, esithinta intengo yokugcina impahla.

Futhi, ukukhiqizwa singenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezimanzi usebenzisa alluvium hydraulically. Le ndlela akudingi ukuqhumisa futhi imishini imisebenzi. It has inzuzo phezu izindlela ukuncintisana - esihlabathini ekhishwe is bahlanza of ukungcola.

Isizinda of isihlabathi angajulile

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, emifuleni, emachibini yolwandle engajulile esetshenziswa dredger ngoba isihlabathi isizinda. Umgomo we operation simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: kudivayisi ngamathuluzi ukudonsa sucks isihlabathi okungukuthi phansi echibini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is alayishwe sigibele umkhumbi noma isikebhe esinesinqe esibanzi sokuthwala impahla. Indlela elula kakhulu ukukhiqizwa abanjalo bangabaphostoli amadamu ezomile.

I dredger ngoba isihlabathi has a eyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto kuncike kule mibandela yokusetshenziswa. Ikakhulukazi, uhlobo dredger Ketha esetshenziswa uma umhlabathi endaweni okuqinile. isihlabathi Ikhishwa egxilile futhi uyiswa endaweni lapho sihamba ukususwa yokugcina amanyela.

Umklamo we dredger

I zivusa ngoba isihlabathi iqukethe uhlu esiyisibopho teluhlaka:

• Icala - kuba kudingekile ingxenye zokubhala ukwenza indlela yokuphepha zonke izindlela ezidingekayo nazo ifakwe pontoons.
• umshini Inqwaba - ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhamba dredger e isizinda isihlabathi nomhlabathi.
• Superstructure - Itholakala pontoon emaphakathi has a gumbi ne nezinto ezidingekayo.
• kudivayisi Scarifying - ingxenye eyinhloko eziyinkimbinkimbi gruntorazrabatyvayuschego.

• Ukufakwa kokuthutha inhlabathi. It inezigaba eziningana, elise ngokuvamile esenqabeni. Izingxenye eziyinhloko: futha inhlabathi, ukuncela Kwenziwa, kuphumele isitshalo amandla kanye wire khulula. Njengoba actuator ezisetshenziswa udizili, drive kagesi noma ingenakukwazi kagesi.
• Boom. Kuyasiza ukulawula we Mechanics yentuthuko ukujula, kanye ukuhambisa idivayisi Ripper. Ngenxa indophi, ilungu isisekelo salo, wenza ephakamisa uphinde wehlise boom.
• Vodosnabditelnoe imishini. It has a indima nesekelayo Ukupholisa, ukuwasha kanye ukubekwa uphawu futha izingxenye.

Njengoba kubonakala kusukela dredger incazelo for the isizinda isihlabathi, iziphi izithombe uqinisekise ngokucacile eziyinkimbinkimbi indlela design, - kuba lwetinhlelo oxhumene, nokuxhumana okuyinto kakhulu kusiza futhi yenza lula umsebenzi umuntu ethola impahla.

Izici dredgers

Dredgers ukusebenza kufanele ezinye izici ezikuvumela ukuba sizosebenza njengothisha kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlangano disassembly of the dredger kumele ibe mifisha futhi elula. Ukuze ngokushesha ukuhambisa umshini kumele abe base elintantayo, okungase ngokushesha asuswe uma kunesidingo.

Uma ukhetha imishini, kubalulekile ukuba sinake isilinganiso Prosor dredger e isizinda isihlabathi, Inhlabathi, indlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokwenzeka mshini. Isici esiyinhloko we dredger kuyinto ukusebenza kwayo. Le divayisi, elihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi. Lapho umsebenzi esihlelwe besikhundla esiphezulu kuyoba imisebenzi etholakalayo.

ngezigaba dredgers

Lezi izindlela zihlukaniswe ngokwendlela indlela yokulayisha zokuhamba:

• Dredger - ukulayisha nokusingatha kwenziwa ngezithukuthuku uginindela.
• Skalodrobilnye - esetshenziselwa ziba ngcono amandla enhlabathini skalovidnyh ahlukahlukene.
• Ketha - uhlobo imishini earthmoving, ezihambayo ageze inhlabathi ngenxa ebhakedeni.

Ngu ethutha indlela zihlukaniswe zibe:

• Refulerny. Coefficient Prosor refulernogo dredger e isizinda isihlabathi - isici esibalulekile ukuthi kuthinta ukusebenza kohlelo dredger. Ezokuthutha usebenzisa pulprovoda ingaziki.
• Shalandovy. izitsha ezikhethekile ukuthi abasindwayo enqabeni kwenhlabathi bese uyiswa kuye echwebeni - Ezokuthutha nge izikebhe.
• Longukuluarnye. Isetshenziswa ukuhambisa inhlabathi ugqoko eside, olulithumela ogwini noma ngomkhumbi othwala izimpahla.
• Samootvozny. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, zivusa Ukulayisha phansi ukubambisisa wezimpahla, futhi kuthatha kuye.
• Nge ejection uginindela jetting umphumela. Lusebenza uma umsebenzi wenziwa at imilomo emifuleni, kanye amanzi zasolwandle ngaphansi gidronamyve.

Ngo indlela yokusebenza ukunyakaza:

• Ihange - ukuhambisa ngenxa amahange esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
• Eyayimfuqa - ukunyakaza ngenxa motor esakhelwe ngaphakathi.
• Inqwaba - ukufuduka kwenzeka ezisekelweni zezingodo.
• Inqwaba Anchor - bajwayele njengoba amahange noma yinqwaba.

Ngu indlela ngokuwa:

• Trench - dredger phakathi isizinda isihlabathi yakha umsele yokuhamba ingxenye kanye.
• Spud - dredger endaweni ukuthuthukiswa ihamba yonkana ke.