Indlela esindayo iyona intuthwane? A umbuzo ofanayo unganakile kancane kancane ongaziwa. Kungakanani lungaba isidalwa ingeqi ubude 0.5 amasentimitha? Kodwa namanje, njengoba sazi, isihlobo. Umngcele we-ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi inquma usayizi isinambuzane, isisindo sawo kunqunywa obekungeyenye ezintathu amakoloni: nabesifazane kanye nabesilisa izintuthwane eziyizisebenzi. Ngamunye the castes azigcini nje ngokuhluka injongo yabo, kodwa futhi ukubonakala. abantu Ukusebenza bavame ukuba izilungiselelo aphansi. Abesifazane kanye nabesilisa - kufike komkhulu wabo. abasebenzi abathathu lungaba eziningi njengomuntu intuthwane ukala 1 wesilisa. By endleleni, futhi isilinganiso sobude bokuphila lezisebenzi onesizotha kakhulu - isizini eyodwa, kuyilapho ezinye kwesibeletho bangaphila iminyaka engu-12.
Igama elithi yesibili ukuphendula umbuzo kangakanani isisindo intuthwane - ke isho noma yiluphi subfamily wokuba ukhonkolo. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi ukuhlukanisa mayelana 12.000 zinhlobo, zazo ensimini ka Russia akha 300 kuphela abameleli uhlobo kencanikhulu - monomorium - ngobukhulu kusukela ku-1 kuya 4 amamilimitha angu. Uhlobo oluyinhloko - Gamponotus gigas - iqukethe imisebenzi elandelayo: kuyasebenza - 2 amasentimitha, abesilisa - 1.8, amasosha - 2.8, kwesibeletho - 3.2 isentimitha. Lezi Ubukhulu kubalulekile. I ezinkulu Gamponotus gigas-intuthwane ukala kuze 150 angu. A izintuthwane esikhulu kakhulu emlandweni wezwe abanabo izinsalela zamathambo - bafa ngaphandle ngokuhamba kwemvelo. Amalungu bohlobo Formicium waba obuphelele umzimba afika kwangu-7 amasentimitha futhi lapho zivuleka amaphiko awo safinyelela 15. Iyini isisindo lolu hlobo intuthwane, maye, kungenziwa kuphela ibalwa izibalo.
Lezi zinambuzane - esiyi sasivumela encane, futhi umthethosisekelo ilungu izakhi "isisindo": amadevu, izingxenye, sifanamsindvo. Kuphela inhloko nesisu kukhona epinotum ngoba kubalwa umzimba mass izigaba ezithile. Kodwa nge enjalo imingcele elincane izintuthwane isukela 10 ku-25% biomass izilwane aboveground yomhlaba njengoba ikuyo yonke indawo (hhayi kuphela bukhoma e-Antarctica futhi kwezinye iziqhingi kwakufika). Le mali kungenxa yokuthi impucuko yabo has a ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu inhlangano, uhlobo isinambuzane ukushintsha kalula futhi ukuzivumelanisa izindawo ezintsha, ikoloni ungasebenzisa ezahlukene izinhlobo izinsiza ukuphila.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, iphesenti biomass akubanga okusezingeni eliphezulu ngakho -% 1 kuphela. Izintuthwane zaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi ephakeme, ngemva emisebeni oluhambelana. Kuleli qophelo, izinombolo bekuya 40% wezinto zokubasa ezihlala ezweni. Nakakhuluma ngalabo izinhlobo eyodwa kweziyishumi esekhona namuhla, cishe zinjalo. Izintuthwane - esinye sezidalwa endala emhlabeni. Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke wezinsalela zamandulo zezinhlobo ezitholakala ucezu amber ogwini New Jersey, ine kweminyaka eyi-izigidi ezingu-130. Indlela esindayo intuthwane inkathi Mesozoic, kunzima ukusho, njengoba umzimba esishwabeneyo futhi equliswa ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali.
Izintuthwane - into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuyohlolwa. Lena izidalwa kakhulu kwezenhlalo futhi behlakaniphile. Sinenkosi zabo okuthandwa siqu kanye nemithetho. Isu eliphezulu kakhulu futhi amaqhinga zempi. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokungafani umphakathi wesintu, abazi ukulandela imfashini kodwa isiko, futhi ngenxa yalokho bakwazi ukuchitha izigidi eziningi kangaka zeminyaka.