Isifungi esingavamile: izithombe namagama

Amakhowe angabulala, adle, abe nemilingo, ahle kakhulu, futhi angenakwenzeka ngokuphelele. Kulesi sihloko sizocabangela isikhunta esingavamile kakhulu. Ama ifotho anamagama azophinde athulwe.

I-Panellus stipticus (iphaneli)

Lezi zinhlobo ezivamile zikhula eYurophu, e-Australia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Amakhowe anjalo angavamile akhula ngamaqembu emigqumeni, emigodini nasemithini yemithi, ikakhulukazi ema-birches, beeches nama-oki.

I-Lactarius indigo (i-butterfly blue)

Inhlobo evamile kakhulu yefungi ekhula empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Asia nase-Central America. Ikhula emhlabathini emahlathini e-coniferous and deciduous. Amakhowe amasha abe nombala omnyama okwesibhakabhaka, futhi omdala bane-blue blue. Ubisi olukhishwa ngamakhowe angavamile, uma luphukile noma lunqunywe, lubuye lube ne-blue hue. Isigqoko sesisindo sifike ku-15 cm, umlenze ubude - kufika ku-8 cm, ubukhulu - kufika ku-2.5 cm. Ithengiswa ezimakethe zaseMexico, eChina naseGuatemala.

I-Tremella mesenterica (i-orange ephazamisayo)

Le fungus ikhula kaningi emithini efile, kanye nasemagatsheni abo asele. Umzimba we-orange-yellow yellow gelatinous unobuso obonakalayo, obonakala buthaka futhi obunzima phakathi nemvula. Lezi fungi ezingavamile zikhula emisekweni ye-cortex, ngenkathi zivela ngesikhathi semvula. Ngemuva kokuthi imvula idlule, iyomisa, iphenduke inqwaba ebomvu noma ifilimu encane, ekwazi ukuvuselelwa kabusha emanzini. Isakazwa kabanzi emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, ezindaweni ezibandayo nezifudumele, kuhlanganise ne-Asia, i-Afrika, iYurophu, i-Australia, iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika. I-mushroom ingasetshenziselwa ukudla, kodwa ayinambitheki.

UClavaria zollingeri (obala obala okhanyayo)

Lokhu kuyinto evamile. Le fungi engavamile inomzimba we-pink-lilac noma we-violet, okhuphukela ubude obuyi-10 cm nobubanzi obufinyelela ku-7 cm. Amasu wamagatsha amancane anesibhakabhaka ajwayelekile kakhulu futhi anemibala. Yizinhlobo ze-saprobic ezithatha izakhi ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuyinhloko ikhula emhlabathini.

I-Rhodotus palmatus (i-rhodotus)

Uma sicabangela isikhunta esingavamile emhlabeni, akunakwenzeka ukuthi singakusho lokhu. Nguye kuphela omele ePhysalacriaceae yomndeni. Okuvamile. Iqoqwe eNyakatho Afrika, empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, lapho izinombolo zayo ziwela ngokushesha kakhulu. Ikhula ngokuyinhloko emagodini nasezikhungweni zezihlahla ezinzima ukubola. Abantu abavuthiwe bahlukaniswa nombala obonakalayo "obumnyama" nombala obomvana.

I-Geastrum saccatum (ifomu lesikhumba esenziwe ngezinkanyezi)

Ikhula ngokulimaza izihlahla eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Abaqoqi bezimushini bambheka engafanele ukudla ngenxa yokunambitheka kwakhe okubabayo. Lolu hlobo olujwayelekile, kanti inani eliphakeme lezindleko zalo liwela ngo-Agasti. Kukhona umbono wokuthi umgodi okhona engxenyeni yangaphandle yomzimba wakhe unesimo esenziwe inkanyezi ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwe-calcium oxalate, eyenzeka ngaphambi kokuvula kwawo. Le fungus eBrazil yayibizwa ngokuthi "inkanyezi yomhlaba".

I-Aseroe rubra (i-sea anemone)

I-anemone yasolwandle iyinto evamile futhi iyabonakala kahle ngenxa yesimo se-starfish nesiphunga sayo esingavamile sokubola. Ikhula etafuleni lehlathi emasimini, kufana nenkanyezi ebomvu ebomvu, ehlanganiswe ne-mucus of brown hue, futhi inomlenze omhlophe. Ibandakanya izimpukane.

I-Polyporus squamosus (i-scaly tinder)

Izinhlobo ezinjalo ezingavamile zamakhowe yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezikhula eYurophu, e-Australia, eNyakatho Melika nase-Asia. Ezihlahleni, zibangela ukubola kombala omhlophe. "I-Saddle Dryad" - lena igama layo elihlukile, elibhekisela emithonjeni eyomile evela emagcekeni aseGrisi, lawo amakhowe angawagibela.

I-Clavulinopsis corallinorosacea (i-mushroom yama-coral)

I-fungus ibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokufana kwayo namakhorali olwandle. Unemibala ekhanyayo - i-orange, ebomvu noma ephuzi. Ngokuvamile zikhula emahlathini amadala. Kulesi simo, amanye amakhowe ase-coral ayinhlanganisela , kuyilapho amanye ama-saprotrophic noma ama-parasitic.

U-Amanita caesarea (i-Caesar fungus)

Lezi amakhowe ezidliwayo ezingavamile ezikhula eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu YaseNingizimu. Ngesikhathi sokuqala bachazwa ngo-1772 nguGiovanni Antonio Scopoli. I-fungus inekhanda elikhanyayo le-orange, amapuleti aphuzi aphuzi kanye nonyawo. Wayethanda kakhulu amaRoma asendulo, embiza ngokuthi "i-bollet".

I-Lycoperdon umbrinum (i-raincoat brown)

Lezi zinhlobo zamakhowe zikhula eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu naseChina. Akanayo ama-caps avulekile. Ama-spores aphakama ngaphakathi kuye, emzimbeni ohlangene ohlangene. Ama-spores, ukuvuthwa, maphakathi nomzimba ukwakheka i-glebe, ene-texture kanye nombala.

I-Mycena interrupta

Ukuhlola amakhowe angavamile kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungakhulumi ngemitsheni. Ikhula eNew Zealand, eNew Caledonia, e-Australia naseChile. Isikhwama samakhowe sifinyelela ububanzi buka-2 cm. Okwamanje lapho kuvela khona amakhowe, abe nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ngenkathi ekhula njengoba ekhula. Izigqoko ziyashesha futhi zinamathele.

I-Morchella conica (i-cone morel)

Lezi amakhowe angadliwayo angavamile, afana ne-top of the honeycomb. Ziqukethe inethiwekhi yamaqembu we-wavy, anezinsika ezincane phakathi kwabo. I-conical cone iyakwazisa kakhulu ama-gourmets, ikakhulukazi ukudla kwaseFrance. Kubabhikishi be-mushroom, kuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okuthakazelisayo.

Ama-elegans ase-Xanthoria (ama-xanthory enhle)

Le fungus ikhula kuphela ematje, eduze nemigodi yezinduku noma izinyoni zezinyoni. Lokhu kungokwemvelo lichen. Ngenye yama-lichens okuqala asetshenziselwa ukuqamba amatshe edonga. Ikhula kancane kancane (0.5 mm ngonyaka), emva kweminyaka eyi-10 ukukhula kwayo kuhamba kancane.

U-Amanita muscaria (amanita muscaria)

I-fly agaric eyaziwa kakhulu i-psychotropic ne-poisonous basidial fungus. Isikhwama esibomvu ngamachashazi amhlophe ahlakazekile-ngubani ongaboni i-fly agaric? Kubhekwa njengenye yefungi eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Isikhunta esinjalo esingavamile sikhula eTransbaikalia, kanye nakuyo yonke iNyakatho yeNyakatho. Naphezu kokuthi i-fly agaric ibhekwa njengobuthi, azikho amacala aqinisekisiwe obuhlungu obuthi, kuyilapho kwezinye izingxenye zaseNyakatho Melika, e-Asia naseYurophu ngokuvamile zidliwa ngemuva kokugcoba. Inezindawo ze-hallucinogenic, ngoba ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-muscimol. Ezinye izakhamuzi zaseSiberia ziyisebenzisa njenge-entheogen, kulezi ziko zinenani elikhulu lenkolo.

I-Gyromitra esculenta (okungaphezulu kwamanga)

Ufana nobuchopho, kuphela obomvu noma obomvu obomvu. Kubizwa nangokuthi "steak", ngoba ngokulungiselela kahle kuyinto enhle kakhulu. Uma ungakwazi ukupheka le mushroom, khona-ke le dish ingaba yingozi. Kubuhlungu efomeni layo elihlaza, futhi ngaphambi kokuba lisetshenziswe ku-iresiphi, kufanele lishiswe.

I-trametes versicolor (i-tramet enemibala eminingi)

Siyaqhubeka sifunda amakhowe angavamile, izithombe ezinamagama awo okushiwo kulesi sihloko. Ama-multiple multicolored akhula yonke indawo. Ikhula ngokuyinhloko emithini yemithi efile futhi iyingqayizivele ngemivimbo yayo ekhanyayo, enemibala. Ngomqondo ovamile, kungenakulungiswa, nakuba kuvame ukusetshenziselwa umuthi we-classical waseChina. Akukade kudlule, ososayensi bathola ukuthi into equkethwe kule fungus yandisa ukuzivikela, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye eyisizayo ekwelapheni kwe-oncology.

I-Hericium erinaceus (i-hedgehog ehlanganisiwe)

Le fungus ibizwa nangokuthi "i-lion's mane", "izinyo zezinyosi" nelithi "ikhanda le-monkey". Kodwa ekuboneni kokuqala, azikho ubudlelwane nefungus. Ikhula emithini, kuyilapho ifomu elilungiselelwe lifana nokuthungwa nombala wezilwane zasolwandle. I-mushroom ayinayo kuphela imfanelo enhle kakhulu, kodwa isetshenziselwa umuthi we-classical waseChina, ukunciphisa amazinga weglucose wegazi futhi unesakhiwo esihle kakhulu se-antioxidant.

I-entoloma hochstetteri (i-sky blue fungus)

Isifungi esingavamile, izithombe zazo ezikulesi sihloko, kufaka ohlwini lwabo futhi isibhakabhaka-esibhakabhakeni. Le fungus ihlala eNdiya nasemahlathini eNew Zealand. Kungaba yingozi, nakuba ubuhlungu bayo buqondakala kahle. Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-fungus owuthola ngenxa ye-pigment of Azulene, equkethe umzimba wesithelo. Kubuye kwenzeke kuma-invertebrates ahlukahlukene emanzini.

I-Chorioactis (I-Cigar kaDeveli)

I-fungus enemisebe yenkanyezi, ebizwa ngokuthi "i-cigar ka-devil", ibhekwa njengenye yezinkinga emhlabeni jikelele. Iyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Texas Star" futhi itholakale kuphela engxenyeni eyinhloko yalesi sifundazwe, ezindaweni ezimbili ezikude zaseJapane naseNara Mountains. Uma sicabangela amakhowe wesimo esingavamile, lona uhlala endaweni efanele ohlwini. I-capsule enombala obomvu okwenziwe nge-cigar ethatha uhlobo lwenkanyezi ukuvula izinhlamvu zayo. Iqiniso elimangazayo: emhlabeni wonke yiwo kuphela amakhowe enza umsindo wekhanda lapho ekhulula izingxabano zabo.

I-Mutinus caninus (i-mutinus canine)

Le fungus ibizwa ngokuthi "i-mutinus canine". Ibukeka sengathi i-mushroom encane ehlathini njengesimo se-phallus, inombhalo omnyama. Ikhula ngokuyinhloko emaqenjini amancane enqwabeni enqabile noma emgqonyeni wezinkuni, ingatholakala ekwindla nasehlobo ehlangothini olumpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika naseYurophu. Lolu hlobo lwamakhowe alufanelekile ukudla.

Nidulariaceae (isidleke sezinyoni)

Kulesi sihloko, sihlolile isikhunta esingavamile emhlabeni. Kodwa asikwazi ukushiwo leli fomu. Indleke yenyoni iyiqembu elincane le- mold fungi, elitholakala kakhulu eNew Zealand. Igama abafanele ukubonakala kwabo, elifana nesidleke namaqanda amancane ezinyoni. Leli fomu lisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa izingxabano zabo - amanzi asemanzini aqoqiwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi agxiliwe kanye nezinhlamvu ibanga elingamamitha ayi-1.

I-Hydnellum peckii (izinyo egazini)

Isikhunta esinjalo esingavamile sezwe sikhula emahlathini e-coniferous aseMelika naseYurophu, kanye nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yePacific Ocean. Babuye baqashelwa kamuva eKorea nase-Iran. I-fungus inokubukeka okwesabisa kakhulu - ubuso obumhlophe be-velvet bubonakala kusuka emaceleni ayo we-drop of red or pink liquid efana negazi.

I-fungus ayiyona inobuthi, nakuba kungadingekile ukuyizama, ngoba inomunyu obabayo wokudangala abantu abaduni nabantu. Ososayensi bahlaziye lokhu kusetshenziselwa uketshezi futhi bathola ukuthi iqukethe i-atromentine - into evimbela ukwakheka kwezindwangu zegazi kanye ne-coagulation yegazi esheshayo.

Kulesi sihloko, sihlolile isikhunta esingavamile emhlabeni. Eziningi zazo ziyamangalisa futhi zithandeka. Kodwa qaphela kakhulu uma usebenzisa amakhowe ukudla - ezinye zazo zingabangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa empilweni yakho, futhi ziholela ekufeni.