Ake sikhumbule izifundo ze-biology: plankton ...

I-Plankton iyinqwaba ephilayo ehambayo. Iqukethe izigidigidi zezinto eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu. Leli gama livela olimini lwesiGreki futhi lisho "ukugijima", noma "ukujula phansi".

Amanzi njengendawo yokuhlala

Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane zasemhlabeni kanye nokuphila kwezitshalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthola izinto ezikwazi ukuchitha impilo yazo yonke emoyeni. Ngisho "amaflaya" ahlakaniphile, isibonelo, ama-swallows, akwazi ukugqoka njalo emafwini. Emva kwakho konke, ngesikhathi sokuhlala, amaqanda okuqothula, ukuhoxiswa kwezinkukhu, ahlanganiswe emhlabathini, noma kunjalo, njengezinye izinyoni. Yebo, izinyoni azikwazi ukuhamba kuze kube phakade, zihlale zidinga ukuphumula. Ngokufanayo isimo esifanayo nezinambuzane. Bachitha isikhathi esincane kakhulu emoyeni. Zonke izinqubo zabo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphila, njengokudla, ukukhiqiza, ukuthuthukiswa, ukugeleza phansi. Futhi, umhlaba wonke wezitshalo uhlotshaniswa nomhlaba womhlaba, kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-unicellular ezilula kuya ezihlahleni. Ubuhlobo obuhlukile ngokuphelele nendawo yokuhlala yemvelo (i-hydrobios). Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi izindawo zomzimba zamanzi nomoya zihlukile. Amanzi anesisindo esikhulu nesisindo. Kuvela ukuthi amandla okuphakamisa walesi sikhungo angaphezu kwaleyo moya. Ngakho-ke, izakhamuzi zasemanzini zikwazi ukuhlala unomphela (noma, okungenani, isikhathi eside sokuphila kwazo) zibe esimweni esimisiwe emkholomu wamanzi, ngaphandle kokuxhumana ngezansi. Ngezinto ezinjalo, ukusekelwa akuyona inhlabathi, kepha isikhala samanzi ngokwayo. Yilokho kulezi zidalwa eziphilayo "ezinamanzi" ezinamakholomu amanzi, futhi izilwane eziphila ngokuzulazula noma ezitholakala nge-planktonic zikhona. Empeleni, i-plankton iqoqo lezidalwa eziphilayo.

Ukwakhiwa kanye nezici zezilwane "ezijikelezayo"

Ngokuyinhloko, izilwane ezincane kakhulu nezilwanyana ezincane ziyi-plankton - hhayi eziningi zazo ezingabonakala ngamehlo. Isici sesici sezinto eziphilayo ze-plankton singabizwa ikhono elibuthakathaka lokuhamba ngokuzimela. Abaningi babo banqatshelwe noma yiziphi izidumbu ezibhekele ukunyakaza, futhi ngokugcwele igama elithi ithoyizi lamagagasi. Iplanct plankton isesimweni se-limbo ngenxa yokunethezeka kwayo. Isisindo saso siseduze nesisindo samanzi esihamba ngayo. Noma kunjalo, i-plankton yezilwane ingaqukatha izinto ezikwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokuba khona kwezitho ezihlukahlukene zokuhamba, ukuze bakwazi ukubhukuda kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhamba kunciphise kakhulu. Ama-microorganisms awakwazi ngisho ukumelana namanje kwamanzi amancane kakhulu. Futhi konke ngoba amandla okunyakaza kwawo ayinaki.

Izinhlaka zokuhamba zihlelwe kanjani?

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-plankton yesilwane yi-crustacean elula kakhulu, kanye nezinhlanzi, ama-lobster nezinye izinto ezikhona esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwe- embryonic. Ososayensi baseJalimane benza izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane "zinyuka" emkholomu wamanzi azikho neze. Ama-crustaceans akhiqiza ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kakhulu ngezikhathi ezincane - bahamba ngokulinganayo ngezintambo zokubhukuda, njengezinyoni ezihamba emoyeni. Ukungasebenzi okuphelele kwezintambo ezibalulwe ngenhla kuzoholela ekunciphiseni okungenakugwema kwe-crustacean kuze kube phansi kwegumbi. Isimiso esifanayo sisebenza nakwezinye izitho zokunyakaza ku-plankton yesilwane. Isibonelo, i-rotary apparatus lapho i-rotifers ihlomile khona. Eqinisweni, izilwane ze-planktonic zingalinganiswa nendiza egcinwa emoyeni ngenxa yomsebenzi we-propeller. Ngokuqedwa kwenhlangano yokujikeleza, bahlela kancane kancane bese bezama phansi.

"Buffet"

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokusindiswa kweplankton yesilwane yilokho umthombo oyinhloko wokudla, izinto ezitshalayo ezakha iplankton, zihlakazekile ngobuningi bamanzi amaningi, futhi azihlanganisiwe phansi emgodini. Ngenxa yalokhu, izilwane eziningi zithola ukudla kwazo ezidingekayo ezakhiweni ezungezile. Izindawo zokulondolozwa kwezilwane ziyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zikhona - lokhu kunele ngokwanele ukubuyisela amandla okuphila okusebenzayo ekuqhubeni okuzimele okudingekayo ekukhuleni emkhathini wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plankton (izithombe ezikhulunywe ngenhla zidalula ngokugcwele lesi simangaliso sokwemvelo) isisindo esikhulu kakhulu, esibuye siphethe umsoco wezilwane zasolwandle nezinhlanzi. Isibonelo, imikhomo yibalandeli abakhulu bala ukudla okuphezulu kwekhalori kanye nabathengi bayo abakhulu.

Isiphetho

Ukufingqa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezweni lanamuhla igama elisembuzweni linomqondo owodwa - ihhovisi "iplanta". Bayizisebenzi zomsebenzi wezingqondo, abanesici esincishisiwe sokudala. Bachitha izimpilo zabo emahhovisi naseminye iminyango. Ku- plankton yehhovisi kukhona: abaqaphi, abalobi, abaphathi nabanye. Imvelaphi ye-epithet ecasulayo kulula ukuyichaza: empeleni, bonke laba basebenzi bafana nje. I-Plankton, ngegama.