Material ukusetshenziswa ngayinye 1 m3 ngokhonkolo, elikhulu izici Ingxenye ukubala kanye nezincomo

Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa kwanoma iyiphi ezingeni, kusukela phezulu kuya indlu yezwe, ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukhonkolo. Lokhu kwaziswa isetshenziswa ukugcwalisa isisekelo, ukwakhiwa izindonga ekwakhiweni Monolithic, phansi idivayisi iphinde screeds e akhiwe nezinye itshe yokufakelwa. Ulungiselela ukhonkolo e isilinganiso esifanelekile, akagcini ngokunikeza ukuqina kanye namandla kwezakhiwo, kodwa futhi ukugwema izindleko impahla ezingadingekile.

Ukwakheka ukhonkolo

Endabeni elula, ukhonkolo siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu:

• Binder.
• Filler.
• Amanzi.

ukusetshenziswa Material ngayinye 1 m3 ngokhonkolo incike izakhiwo lezi zinhlobo zezindwangu. Njengoba isibopho lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa ingxube ka ukuqinisa kumaka M100-M600 amandla. Lapho exutshwe namanzi, it yakha mass viscous imiswe phakathi solidification itshe yokufakelwa okuyinto. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe yamathebhu isihlabathi isetshenziswa noma ezahlukene izinhlobo amatshe. Lokhu kwandisa amandla yesixazululo eqandisiwe, nelingenhla amatshe amandla amandla usimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa yamathebhu kunciphisa ukuncipha ingxube usimende.

Ngaphandle yezingxenye esemqoka, lichaza ekwakheni ukhonkolo zihlanganisa izithasiselo ehlukahlukene, enikeza isixazululo izakhiwo ezengeziwe: ukumelana ezibandayo, ukumelana namanzi, umbala kanye nokunye.

I oyifunayo ukusetshenziswa impahla ngayinye 1m3 ukhonkolo - amatshe, usimende, inhlabathi - kunqunywa kusukela izidingo ukusebenza ingxube.

I izici eziyinhloko ngokhonkolo

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ngokhonkolo - amandla ayo compressive. Kuye ekilasini yayo amandla aqine. incwadi ezikhonjiswe English "B" futhi zesi elihambisana isampula MPA amandla. Ukukhiqiza amakilasi ukhonkolo kusukela V3,5 ukuba B80, e ubunjiniyela esebenzayo kakhulu izixazululo B15 - B30. Ngaphezu amakilasi, ukuze ukhombise ingasetshenziswa ngamandla sha. Ezikhonjiswe Latin incwadi "M" futhi nenombolo elihambisana amandla e kg / cm sq. Amakilasi kanye brand kunalokho ngokunembile bahlobene, isib, isixazululo M200 ihlangabezana Class B15 futhi M300 ekilasini V22,5.

ukusetshenziswa Material ngayinye 1 m3 ngokhonkolo ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi isigaba noma ibanga isixazululo oyifunayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isigaba ukhonkolo langempela kunqunywa kuphela endaweni yokucwaninga ezinsukwini 28. Ngakho-ke, uma kudingeka ukwazi ngokunembile ukwakheka ingxube, at the stage of workpiece uphonswe amasampula eziningana - cubes noma amasilinda 100 mm ukuphakama. Singakwazi yini ukuthola amandla ngokhonkolo futhi indlela wezinsimbi noma isando Kashkarova, kodwa lezi zindlela mancane olunembile.

Ukukhethwa edingekayo ekilasini ukhonkolo

Ebangeni edingekayo ngokhonkolo liyakushunyayelwa eshiwo kumadokhumenti design ukwakhiwa project. Uma ukwakhiwa Kwenziwa bebodwa, kufanele ichaze ukuxubana brand, njengoba kuba ngezinga elikhulu kulwenze buthaka futhi ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo noma isakhiwo kokuba bazakha.

Ukuqokwa brand ezivame kakhulu ukhonkolo ngezansi.

• I-M100 - Isetshenziselwa ukufakwa kudivayisi esimweni parebrikov, amafomu ezincane lathumela;
• M150 - esetshenziswa amathrekhi kudivayisi ekunqanyulweni isekela ezibayeni;
• M200 - I-ukwakhiwa izindonga, ovulandi;
• M250 - yokukhiqiza lezisekelo Monolithic, grills, isisekelo slabs, slabs kancane ukulayishwa, izinyathelo, izindonga esaziwa ;
• M300 - nganoma yisiphi izakhiwo ukulayishwa: izindonga, iphansi, izisekelo;
• M350 - nithela izindonga, amakholomu, slabs, nemishayo, nemibundu, nezisekelo eziqinile.

amapharamitha isihlabathi

Ukulungisa isixazululo esetshenziswa isihlabathi zasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene: inkwali noma emfuleni. Eyesibili akukhetha kakhulu ngoba usayizi granule emikhulu futhi akusho aqukethe ukungcola. Pit isihlabathi kungahluka yabo ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana ukusatshalaliswa. Ithanda, sebenzisa isihlabathi ne medium and enkulu usayizi granules. Kusukela isihlabathi inkwali kungenziwa sakhiwa ubumba noma ezinye ukungcola kutuswa zivundulula.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba banake okuqukethwe umswakama isihlabathi. Kuye le nombolo kumele wanezela ukulungisa ingxube emanzini. Ngenxa umswakama okuqukethwe futhi ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu ngobuningi isihlabathi ziyahlukahluka kusuka 1.3 kuya 1.9 t / cu m, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele kuhlaziywa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde ngayinye 1 m3 ngokhonkolo.

Ukukhethwa yemfucumfucu

Nechobozekile ingxube ukhonkolo ehlanganisa ukhonkolo kwandisa amandla futhi kunciphisa ukuncipha yayo ngesikhathi solidification. Uma ukhetha i-ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi amatshe ingxenyenamba kanjani futhi kusukaphi.

Lapho kwakhiwa esetshenziswa amatshe amafraktjhini:

• kusuka 5 kuya ku-20 mm,
• kusuka 20 kuya 40 mm;
• kusuka 40 kuya 70 mm.

Kuye itshe eluhlaza ochotshoziwe libhekwa ku:

• Lime, esekelwe rocks sedimentary.
• Of wageza amatshe doti.
• Granite ezivezwa kwasani egwadle gneiss futhi idwala eliyigwadle.

Yizinga eliphakeme ukuze amandla has egwadle kwale moto, ngakho uma ukhonkolo sikulungele izakhiwo ezibucayi - izisekelo, amakholomu, Uphahla lwangaphakathi, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa. Kuyadingeka ukuba singakhohlwa ukuthi imfucumfucu isetshenziswa akufanele aqukethe ukungcola, ikakhulukazi nobumba.

amanzi usimende isilinganiso

Lapho esikhiqiza ukhonkolo Inani lokuqala yiyona isilinganiso kasimende namanzi. Amanzi kuyadingeka ukuze chemical yokusabela kasimende hydration, okuholela kwetinhlavu itshe usimende. Lesi isilinganiso kubaluleke inquma ikilasi mix ukhonkolo. Kubalulekile ukuba acabangele sha tsementa.Chem aphansi amanzi usimende isilinganiso, namandla ukhonkolo. Isilinganiso esiphansi semali edingekayo yokuhlangabezana ngokuba hydration kasimende kuyinto 0.2. Ekusebenteni, ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo ngamanzi ukuze kuqinise isilinganiso 0.3-0.5. Izingxube nge high amanzi usimende isilinganiso cishe ayisetshenziswa.

Ukunqunywa ukhonkolo okwaleso olinganise

Njengomthetho, ukulungiswa usimende ukhonkolo wasebenzisa izimpawu M400 futhi M500. Ekusebenteni, ukucacisa ukusetshenziswa usimende ngayinye 1m3 ngokhonkolo usebenzisa ithebula.

Lezi idatha izimo ezijwayelekile lokushisa kanye nomswakama, kanye usimende, kwemigomo okuyinto zivumelana nalezo eboniswa ku iphakethe. Ekuphileni kwangempela, kufanele ahlinzeke usimende ngokweqile kuyinto 10-15%.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho ubukhulu eyaziwa kasimende ibalwa impahla ukusetshenziswa 1m3 ukhonkolo, Ingxenye elikhulu kasimende ukuba isihlabathi futhi amatshe kuboniswa ethebuleni.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa impahla ngayinye 1 m3 ka M200 ukhonkolo kuyinto: usimende brand M500 - 240 kg Sand - 576 kg, itshe ochotshoziwe - 984 kg Water - 120 amalitha.

Ukukhiqizwa ngokhonkolo

Lapho omningi ngokhonkolo isebenza kuhle ukuthenga isitshalo ngomumo okuxubile ukhonkolo eseduze ukulethwa mixer. Ngo zokukhiqiza yezimboni izinto ukusetshenziswa amazinga ngamunye 1 m3 ngokhonkolo agcinwa ngokwanele kakhulu. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, ungalungisa lemali edingekayo ngxube ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukuhlola kahle amakhono abo - concreting isakhiwo ehlukene kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ngaphambi ukuxuba ingxube ukucacisa ukusetshenziswa impahla ngayinye 1m3 ngokhonkolo. Ukubala we ukugeleza isilinganiso is hhayi ngempela wenza okwanele sebenzisa ithebula engezansi.

Ingxube ibhalwe ukhonkolo mixer ohambelana lemali, ebeka kube izingxenyana alinganisiwe kasimende ezomile, isihlabathi futhi schebonki sieved. Amanzi kufanele kungezwe izingxenye kuleli kuyithuba lokugcina.

izithasiselo

Ngaphezu nabavoti eyinhloko izithasiselo ukhonkolo kunezelwa ngezinhloso ezehlukene:

• Modifiers. Ziklanyelwe ukuba ngcono amandla futhi ukwandisa ukumelana frost ngokhonkolo.
• Plasticizers. Khulisa ukuhamba kanye waterproofness ingxube.
• Nabalawuli ukuhamba. Can ukunweba isikhathi kulungiselelwa, ukuze silondoloze ukuhamba kwezokuthutha.
• Antimoroznye izithasiselo. Inikeza bamba evamile yesixazululo ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi phansi degrees 20.
• Accelerator. Khulisa kulungiselelwa isivinini ngokunikeza angawokuphulukisa esheshayo ngosuku lokuqala.

Ngo isicelo izithasiselo, ukusetshenziswa impahla ngayinye 1 m3 ngokhonkolo kumele kunqunywe ikhumbula izincomo umenzi. Ukwephula yokusetshenziswa ungaba ngempela kube nomphumela omubi.