MANPADS "Igla": izici, izithombe, izicelo

Kakade phakathi neMpi Yezwe II zezindiza ukubusa enkundleni yemidlalo yase-impi wawubalulekile. Modern imisebenzi amakhulu empi ahambisana nokusetshenziswa amakhulu izindiza, kuhlanganise unmanned. Ukuze aphebeze lokho usongo izinhlelo emoyeni kusetshenziswa emoyeni ukuzivikela kanye missile ukuzivikela, okuyinto ezihlukahlukayo + ngokomusa isimiso isinyathelo, engaba ngempumelelo kanye degree of ukuhamba. Eminyakeni engu-70, i-okwandile egqokenayo emoyeni ephathekayo izinhlelo ezinkulu ukuzivikela eklanyelwe aphebeze lokushaya Tactical zezindiza amafa, manje emelelwa ukuhlaselwa ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, izindiza, ukuhlaselwa izindiza kanye UAVs.

On the Army Russian siqukethe MANPADS "Igla". Lokhu isikhali has a ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu, kuqinisekiswa isipiliyoni ukulwa nokusetshenziswa (kuze kube manje amabutho angaphandle kuphela), kulula ukuyisebenzisa, okuthembekile, usayizi elincane nesisindo.

MANPADS eU.SSR

Ukuthuthukiswa ezifuywayo anti-aircraft missile izinhlelo kanye nekhono ukwethula projectile ngokuqondile kusukela ehlombe waqala e-USSR kusengaphambili. Engxenyeni 60s ibutho laseSoviet kwesibili izinhlobo ezimbili emoyeni ephathekayo missile ukuzivikela uhlelo ( "Umcibisholo" futhi "Umcibisholo-2"). Lokhu isikhali kwadingeka izinzuzo eziningi, phakathi okwakukhona:

- ukuvela ngasikhathi sinye izinhlelo emoyeni ukuzivikela ezindaweni lapho izindiza isitha phambi usongo akuyona wazizwa;

- ikhono hit okuhloswe ngaso amabanga amade (phezu 4 km) kanye ukuphakama elihambisana ukuthi lapho ngokuvamile kakhulu "ukusebenza" emhlabathini Okuqondiwe ukuhlaselwa izindiza ( "Skyhawk", "Phantom" noma "Skayrayder") - kusukela 1500 kuya ku-3000 amamitha;

- ukunciphisa ngokushesha isikhundla efakwe;

- isicelo futhi elula abaqeqeshwayo, kuhlanganise angaphandle;

- the compactness isihlobo;

- lula maqondana isitoreji kanye zokuhamba izimo.

Naphezu ukulwa okusezingeni eliphezulu izimfanelo babe nezikhathi ezithile ezingemnandi, okuyiwona ochwepheshe ezempi abaye wagxeka MANPADS "Strela". "Needle" lwenzelwe ngokunembile ukuze unqobe izinkinga.

Beat ngemva nje, futhi maqondana

I ethile eyinhloko "Imicibisholo 'kwakwenziwa ikhono lazo hit okuhloswe ngemva kokuba uqhubeke phezu ukufihla ngemuva into. Ngokuvamile endizeni isitha angase wadubula phansi kuphela ngemva ekusebenziseni nokubhonywa noma missile volley. Yiqiniso, 'aphindisele "amabutho sivikele abekade uma Gunners anti-aircraft ngokwabo ngasinda. "Umcibisholo" ayikwazanga beat ukuphishekela, lebutho afuna izikhali ezingase hit izindiza ehlasela inkambo ukushayisana, silindele umonakalo okungenzeka.

Kwezinye izimo, usebenzisa into engalindelekile, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba iphumelele kuleli zwe Naphezu kwalokhu iphutha - "catch" isitha okubangela igalelo ekhohlisayo overflying izindiza, wahlala engabonwa. Ngakho ngo-1969, amabutho waseGibhithe bakamalalahlengezela wasebenzisa ephathekayo eziyinkimbinkimbi "Strela-2" Israeli "Phantom", egijima emachibini eliphansi kakhulu, ukubulala abayisithupha kubona ngosuku. Kodwa isitha uyakwazi ukufunda, ngokushesha ngakho ukusebenza kwe MANPADS Soviet unqabile, nakuba izinzuzo zabo yayisalokhu ukwamukeleka ngaphandle kokungatshazwa. Banezinhliziyo umtselela losengcondvweni, ukuphoqa abashayeli bezindiza isitha njalo begijima kusukela komncane kuya eziphakeme ezinkulu, ungalokothi baphephile. Nokho-ke kwakudingekile ukuba afune amakhono obuchwepheshe ukuhlangabezana beat, kunokuba emva.

umsebenzi Uhulumeni SP Invincible

Enye kusimo emimoya "Imicibisholo" futhi okuyinto bebelokhu bezama ukugwema abadali MANPADS "Igla", Ayengekho alufakwa amandla impi ikhanda. Akubona bonke ukushaya ilitshe ukuqinisekisa kokubhujiswa kwawo ngisho abangela umonakalo abalulekile. Vitality stormtroopers ephakanyiswe, umlomo wombhobho kulo baphuthuma ezicitshwayo nge ezishisayo ikhanda isiqondiso, esakhiwe ngezinto ezingamelana nezinselele imiphumela okusezingeni eliphezulu ezishisayo kanye baric, futhi izindiza ngokuvamile baba nethuba ukubuyela base yabo, bese ukulungisa futhi usongo. Iphazamiseke futhi umphumela 'blurring "jet ekusakazeni kuqhuma wokuzuliswa kanye izakhi elimazayo. Nalokhu-ke kwakudingekile ukuba enze okuthile.

Ngo-1971, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange wanquma ukusungula isakhiwo esisha, ekwazi ukulwa ne lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu futhi eziphambili ngaleso sikhathi esebenzisa umoya kuhlasela ezingeni Tactical, okungase banekhono somphikisi. Kolomenskoye ubunjiniyela design bureau kwaba nkampani umzali, umsebenzi ezihlobene eyenziwa ezinye izinhlangano (CDB Tinsita, Research Institute amathuluzi yokulinganisa ne-Leningrad inhlangano Lomo). Umholi esemqoka ye asanda kwakhiwa ngempela ngokwemvelo baba Academician SP Invincible. Isikhali esisha esibizwa MANPADS "Igla". Izimfanelo (ijubane target, futhi ematfuba ekubhujisweni ukuphakama) kufanele abe, ngokuvumelana nesicelo uhulumeni, kakhulu outperformed "Imicibisholo-3 '(ukuguqulwa odlule).

Ngobuqili ngokumelene ngobuqili

Isiteshi esiyinhloko sokukhomba imicibisholo anti-aircraft besilokhu kubhekwe ukushisa trace injini kwesokunxele izindiza. Le ndlela yokunquma isiqondiso projectile yayilula, kodwa kwadingeka ukushiyeka kwethu okungathí sina. Ngokushesha ngemva amacala lokuqala ayisebenzisa izindiza ngokumelene amadivayisi uvele ahloselwe ukudukisa ezishisayo radar izinhlelo ukumela ihlumela Pyrocartridges ukuthi ukudala target zamanga. Ngakho-ke kwakungewona isinqumo ukuhlomisa MANPADS "Igla" ezimbili-isiteshi infrared isiqondiso ikhanda, ifakwe photodetectors. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo ukuthi uyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi indiza yangempela ezishisayo ukushisa trace "izicupho", yephuza extra iminyaka eyisikhombisa, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kwaba ngokomthetho nzima, nje ngokwanele ukuba basho ukuthi photodetector main emva ukuhunyushwa projectile azithole esesikhundleni labadubuli is selehlile lokushisa aphansi kakhulu eduze zero ngokuphelele (-200 ° C). Ngenxa yalokho lezi imizamo, uhlelo okuzenzakalelayo, ifakwe logic, ufanisa ukufundwa of the izinzwa ezimbili. Futhi uma zokwenezela isignali isiteshi ezingeni ingaphansi kwe-phansi, injongo kuchazwa njenganoma ephazamisayo, kanye search wenziwa nje rocket ngeke ubone into kweqiniso.

Kukhona omunye umbuzo obalulekile ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe, kanti isixazululo ikhuphuke kakhulu ibutho elilwayo ukusebenza kwe MANPADS "Igla". Advanced ukuhlaselwa izindiza survivability izici incike indawo ukuxhumana projectile, futhi umlomo wombhobho - aluphelele, ngakho ekhombe algorithm kunikeza ithuba ezengeziwe, ukuhlinzeka ushintsho vector isiqondiso rocket (Ukujikeleza ephelele) e Esigabeni sokugcina trajectory ukuze shot hit fuselage. Ukuze enze lokhu iqhinga endaweni ukwakhiwa igobolondo inikeza thrusters ezengeziwe.

isiqondiso uhlelo kanye fuses

KB Onjiniyela ngazo zonke izindlela yazama ukunciphisa isisindo eziyinkimbinkimbi ephathekayo "Igla". MANPADS iyisikhali ngemicondvo compact, it is yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa yisosha elilodwa. IMisa blasting izidakamizwa eziqukethwe ukulwa rocket iyunithi, kuyafana le "Booms" (1170 g), kodwa amandla alo (alufakwa) amandla iphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto isixazululo ngempela okunengqondo kwaba ukusebenzisa uphethiloli engasetshenzisiwe ngokuthi ungamandla ezengeziwe ebulalayo, okuyinto idivayisi ekhethekile okuthiwa i generator alufakwa. Ngokwazo lokhu detonator kucushwa i-ingalimaza we icala main futhi kuthatha imodi kuqhathaniswa kancane ngenxa yokushisa ukukhwezelwa i leso chemical ukusabela namachibi nge ukukhululwa kwe izindodla amandla. Fusing ezimbili: yothintana naye (isebenze ukuthintana ngqo) kanye lokungeniswa (ukudoba magnetic field target ibanga). BLT uhlobo - ephezulu alufakwa.

ama-apharathasi Jikelele kanye nemishini

MPADS "inaliti" njengabanye izakhiwo ephathekayo ezingeni Tactical VOP kuyinto tube isiqalisi lapho kukakhokho nangomcibisholo, isibambo ergonomic. Ukuze lisuka missile ayikwazanga ona Bhalobhasha, inqubo sokuqala ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Ekuqaleni, ngokushesha emva ukusebenza kwawo izinhlamvu, ama-missile ejection kwenzeka kusukela emgqonyeni esebenzisa ekhethekile ongaphakeme-amandla kwenkokhelo. Ngemva amamitha ambalwa ukusuka kundiza laser ugongolo isiqalisi ukuqaliswa wenza eyisisekelo (ngamandla) we Propellant okuqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lock sisuswa esigabeni sokuqala, ekuvimbeleni ngephutha ukuqhuma ikhanda. Ekugcineni kufika missile ekulweni isimo ngisho ngemva kwemizuzwana embalwa, flying to 250 amamitha.

Ngaphandle tube kwethulwa oqukethe 9P322 rocket ngokungashadi-ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, ikhithi MPADS "Needle" ifakwe isibangeli (9P519-1) kusukela 1L14 Umphenyi (kuyabiza futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ingasetshenziswa izikhathi eziningi) futhi ithebhulethi electronic 1L15-1 (i kuyashesha exchange kolwazi ezisebenzayo isimo sezimoto).

Ukuze isicelo iqembu ngeke idinga wokubheka ephathekayo. Ukuze uhlole ukuseviswa nokulawula uhlelo athuthukile isethi olukhethekile KPS.

Lokho "Igla-1" njengefa kusukela "Strela"

Engxenyeni ngeminyaka yoma futhi nabadlali kanti futhi ukuze amakhastama yesibili kwaba sobala ukuthi ngesikhathi esifanele Kolomenskoye umshini wokwakha bureau ayilingani. Ukubambezeleka kubambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo 9E140 (homing). Kwatholakala ukuba ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, indalo yayo kuhambisana izinkinga eziningi. Missile kwaba Sekukancane. Ukuze asheshise ukugeleza isampuli yi Army Soviet yokuxhumanisa nokwenziwa okwengeziwe sezisebenzisa itheknoloji etja, kwanqunywa phakathi. MANPADS "Igla-1", eyamukelwa iKhomishani Yombuso ngo-1978, kwaba ifakwe owodwa isiteshi GSN ngu "Imicibisholo". Uma lokhu isakhiwo esisha kwahluka anda amandla mali futhi izici ngcono kakhulu lobuchwepheshe (kwenyuke kuze kufinyelele 5.2 km engaba isicelo, kungenzeka lesion counterpropagating izinjongo). ukuhlolwa Ngo-1982, bagcina igcwaliswe ezimbili-isiteshi homing, kwanezela entsha uhlelo ephathekayo emoyeni ngivikele phambi, ngokuthi MANPADS "Igla-2."

"Needle" ukulungiswa "A", "H" futhi "C"

Inxanxathela ngokuthi miniature kanzima kwethulwa tube Ubude 1 m 70 cm - ngokwesilinganiso ukuphakama womuntu. Ikakhulukazi ukuphikisa sina zivela paratroopers waqala afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye emfishane. Special sinciphile "Lokhozi" yadalwa ngabo. MANPADS kule sikhundla eligoqiwe mufushane ngu cm 60.

Ukuguqulwa "H" libhekene umthamo high brisant ikhanda. Isici esifanayo futhi isici version wesithathu eziyinkimbinkimbi, wathola Inkomba "C". Kodwa ngaphezu sithuthukiswe ephezulu alufakwa kwehlukana warhead, missile has a fuse ezimbili (kuhlanganise imininingwane yokuxhumana) nomunye mfanelo ebalulekile, ngenxa okuyinto idivayisi kangaka okuthiwa. "C" - okusho ukuthi "alo", kulesi sikhundla ezokuthutha - ngesigamu.

izici

TTX MANPADS "Igla" umxhwele futhi uhambisane nezidingo ngokushesha xxi leminyaka. ijubane rocket endleleni eya umgomo - ezingaphezu kuka-2100 km / h. kungenziwa at ibanga 5200 m indiza noma indiza, flying ngesivinini kuze kufinyelele 1150 km / h endaweni engamamitha kuze kufinyelele 2500 m wamshaya ngemuva Amathuba 63%.

Lapho kokudubula inkambo ukushayisana target isivinini kungaba ephakeme kuze kufinyelele 1300 km / h. Ukudluliswa imoto isesimweni lokulwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ephathekayo kungaba njengoba kancane njengoba imizuzwana 13.

Zonke lezi zibalo ezomile kusho ematfuba okukhulu, esesikhundleni isosha eyodwa nje, ayehlome 9K38 MANPADS "Igla". Angaba ukubhekana izinto ongaphakeme-flying, ezifana ukuhlaselwa ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane futhi uhambe kweminsalo, okuyizinto ngenxa flatness ka trajectory iyingozi kakhulu ngoba amasosha emhlabathini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokulawula uyakwazi ukuhlukanisa sibonga izindiza nobutha kuya okuhlangene ukuqashelwa uhlelo "amaqembu alwayo".

amazwi Special ufanelwa lula ukusetshenziswa MANPADS "Igla". Combat imfundo manual ayiqukethe inani elikhulu amaphuzu zingenziwa kusukela yimuphi isikhundla, kuhlanganise ebhodini imoto ihamba. Uma opharetha ithole into ayihlosile, ukuqala ukuthumela ipayipi ukuze into, ibenze inkinobho "Qala". Ngokulandelayo, konke kwenzeka ngo indaba ngemizuzwana, ihlala yodwa ukuqapha indiza rocket, uma kuyindodana, yebo, kukhona isikhathi.

isipiliyoni kwesicelo

Ngo amabutho emazweni angaphezu kuka ezine kweshumi kuyinto ephathekayo anti-aircraft uhlelo MANPADS "Igla". isicelo sayo amabutho Iraq ngo-1991 uyimbangela ekulahlekeni kuka-izindiza eziningana Air Force womanyano ukuthi uye wabonisa ngempumelelo eliphezulu lolu hlobo izikhali isiRashiya, ngisho ukucindezelwa pheze ephelele emoyeni ukuzivikela futhi emoyeni yokudlondlobala umhlaseli. Phakathi nale minyaka emibili emashumini ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba babebaningi izingxabano ezinodlame kanye nezimpi. Iningi labo eyodwa noma ngakolunye uhlangothi esetshenziswa MANPADS "Igla". Photo Abashokobezi futhi amasosha kahulumeni ne "amashubhu" ejwayelekile, kanye umonakalo nencithakalo bezindiza ubonise amandla ngendlela ebhubhisayo lokhu ukuzivikela elincane emoyeni.

Ngo emlandweni we-Soviet of ukuthandwa "inaliti" kungaba phikisana mhlawumbe ukuthi adumile "Kalashnikov". Azi zokugcina inkontileka enkulu supply batch enkulu la izakhiwo kuya Malaysian Armed Forces. Ngcono uhlelo design, okuyinto kwaholela ekwandeni amakhilomitha ayisithupha engaba ukulwa nokusetshenziswa "izinaliti" ukuguqulwa "Super". Lezi MANPADS, kanye, njengoba okwamanje imfihlo amasampula entsha uzobe ngokugcwele rearmed ibutho Russian esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.