Izilinganiso mayelana Bazarov nihilism. Nihilism Bazarov ( "Obaba and Sons")

Le noveli "Obaba and Sons" kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi multi-level ingxabano. Yokuzenzisa kuba ukuphikisana phakathi ezimbili izizukulwane zabantu. Kodwa lokhu okuphakade ingxabano phakathi kobaba nezingane nzima umehluko ngemibono nefilosofi. umsebenzi Turgenev sika kwakufanele abonise nethonya elilimazayo ka imisinga ezithile zefilosofi zabantu abasha wesimanje, ikakhulukazi nihilism.

Kuyini nihilism?

Nihilism - kuyibika ngemibono nefilosofi, owawuthi akunakungatshazwa abaphathi, futhi postulates akufanele siluthathe kalula. Bazarov nihilism (njengoba uthi yena) - kuyinto kuphikisa nje isigelekeqe esinonya. Ngesisekelo zefilosofi kumiswa imfundiso nihilistic wakhonza njengephayona lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo-German. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane Arkady futhi Bazarov sipho esikhundleni UNikolai Petrovich Pushkin ukufunda Buchner, ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wakhe "Indaba futhi zibe namandla." Isikhundla Bazarov kwakhiwa hhayi kuphela ngaphansi kwethonya izincwadi, othisha, kodwa futhi kusukela observation bukhoma zokuphila. Bazarov Quotes nihilism qinisekisa lokhu. Siphikisana Pavel Petrovich, wathi ngenjabulo wavuma lapho uPavel Petrovich wamethula "okungenani eyodwa isikhungo ukuphila kwethu kwamanje, ekhaya noma emphakathini, okungadingi shayela i ekuphikeni ephelele futhi ononya."

The hero main imibono nihilistic

Bazarov nihilism kuzibonakalisa kwawo nesihloko emikhakheni ehlukene yempilo. Engxenyeni yokuqala kule noveli iyona Ukungqubuzana imibono amabili, izinhlu ezimbili izizukulwane abadala - Evgeniya Bazarova futhi Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Zagijima ngokushesha ube ukuya komunye nomunye, bese ukuthola ubuhlobo kule mpikiswano.

art

I Bazarov bukhali ukhuluma art. Sicabanga ngalokho-ke endaweni engenamsebenzi ukuthi lutho inika umuntu ngaphandle romanticism oyisiwula. Art, ngokuvumelana umbono Pavel Petrovich, lokhu yomoya. Kwaba sibonga kuye ukuthi umuntu eba, ifunda ukuba zithande futhi ukucabanga, ukuqonda ezinye, ukwazi emhlabeni.

uhlobo

Eziningana Bazarov ahlambalazayo ubukeka ukubuyekeza yemvelo: "Imvelo akuyona ithempeli kodwa emhlanganweni wokufundisana ngase umuntu lomsebenzisi wakhe.". The hero akaboni ubuhle bayo, engazizwa ngokuvumelana nalo. Ngokuphambene lokhu kubuyekezwa UNikolai Petrovich ehamba ensimini, ekuthandeni ubuhle entwasahlobo. Akakwazi baqonde indlela Bazarov wangabona konke lokhu, angalindela kanjani ngabandayo ngakho maqondana endalweni kaNkulunkulu.

isayensi

Yini uyakwazisa Bazarov? Kungokufanayo ayikwazi ukuzwa konke akwenzayo sengqondo ngokucijile ezimbi. Into kuphela hero ubona ukubaluleka kanye izinzuzo - kungcono isayensi. Isayensi njengesisekelo yolwazi efanele ukuze kuthuthukiswe abantu. Yiqiniso, uPawulu Petrovich njengoba yesikhulu kuhlanganise nommeleli lesizukulwane esidala uyakwazisa futhi ehlonipha isayensi. Nokho, i-Bazarov ekahle - kuba materialists German. Kubo, akukho uthando imizwa, abantu babo - kungcono nje uhlelo organic, lapho kukhona izinqubo ezithile ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Ngu imicabango efanayo nakuba sifune futhi protagonist kule noveli "Obaba and Sons".

Nihilism Bazarov Ufika wangabaza, lihlolwe ngumlobi kule noveli. Kusuka lapha kukhona kudideka okungaphakathi, engasatholi senzeka Kirsanovs endlini lapho nsuku zonke ukuqagulisana Bazarov futhi Pavel Petrovich, kodwa umphefumulo Eugene.

Ikusasa Russia nase nihilism

Bazarov njengoba kummeleli isiqondiso eziphambili Russian izinzuzo zalo esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho, ngokombono hero, ukuze ukwakha umphakathi omusha, ukuba aqale "kuhlanzwe indawo." Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Yiqiniso, indlela yokubonisa hero lingahunyushwa ngalezi zindlela ucingo lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Ukuthuthukiswa yezwe kufanele ziqalise izinguquko ezinkulu, futhi luyoqala ngokubhujiswa elidala. ngaleyo ndlela Bazarov uyakuthethisa isizukulwane Liberals ahlukile e yokungenzi yabo. Bazarov likhuluma nihilism njengoba indlela okusebenza kakhulu. Kodwa kuwufanele ethi bona ngokwabo nihilists abangazange bakwenze lutho. Bazarov isenzo singavela kuphela amazwi. Ngakho Turgenev ligcizelela ukuthi izinhlamvu - izizukulwane abadala - okufanayo. Eugene ubukeka esabisa kakhulu (kuqinisekiswa Bazarov ucaphuna mayelana nihilism). Phela, ngalokho okokuqala, uMbuso mumbe elakhiwa phezu kwalo? Emasikweni, amasiko nokuzinikela ngenxa yezwe. Kodwa uma akukho gunya, uma yini ubuciko, ubuhle bemvelo, hhayi ukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu, khona-ke iyini abantu? Turgenev kwaba esaba kakhulu ukuthi lezi imibono kungenziwa waqaphela ukuthi ngenkathi Russia kuyoba nzima kakhulu.

Ingxabano yangaphakathi enovelini. uthando test

Esikhathini inoveli, kukhona abadlali ababili ukhiye, nokusolakala ukuthi waba nendima cameo. Empeleni, isimo sengqondo Turgenev ukuba nihilism, bona debunk lomkhuba. Bazarov nihilism siqala ukubuqonda ngokwalo ngokuhlukile kancane, nakuba umbhali ngqo, singazi bathi. Ngakho, emzini Eugene wahlangana Arkady Sitnikov futhi Kukshina. Zanyukela abantu abanesithakazelo konke entsha. Sitnikov - umsekeli nihilism, azwakalisa ababaze ukuvelela ka Bazarov. ngaleyo ndlela Ngokwakhe oziphatha njengongqingili buffoon, ememeza iziqubulo nihilistic, kubukeka iwubuphukuphuku. Bazaar ephatha ke ngendelelo sobala. Kukshina - emancipated owesifazane, umane inobudlabha, uyisiwula futhi iluhlaza. Yilokho kungathiwani mayelana namaqhawe. Uma bangamalungu nihilism, okuyinto Bazarov ubeka enjalo kusuke kulindelwe lukhulu lapho, khona-ke iyini Ngokuzayo yezwe? Kusukela leli phuzu engqondweni Hero ukungabaza avele ukuthi sithuthukiswe uma sihlangana Odintsov. Amandla kanye nobuthakathaka nihilism Bazarov azibonakali kuyinto ezahlukweni, okhuluma imizwa yothando abalingiswa. Wayelethwa nakubabona uthando lwakhe, konke romanticism abayiziphukuphuku nabangahlakaniphile engenamsebenzi. Kodwa inhliziyo ke acoce indzaba ezahlukene. Odintsov ubona Bazarov uhlakaniphile futhi kuyathakazelisa, ukuthi imibono yakhe abe aneqiniso, kodwa categorical yabo ukhiqiza ubuthakathaka futhi akuqinisekile yezinkolelo zakhe.

Isimo Turgenev ukuze iqhawe lakhe

Shono emhlabeni inoveli "Obaba and Sons" waphenduka impikiswano enobudlova. Okokuqala, inkinga kwaba nezokusigcoba kakhulu. Okwesibili, eziningi abahlaziyi bemibhalo babe, efana Bazarov, ifilosofi abanothando lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. Okwesithathu, noveli kwaba abanesibindi, abanamakhono futhi fresh.

Kukholakala ukuthi Turgenev liyakulahla iqhawe lakhe. Ukuthi enyundela esizukulwaneni esisha, ngoba akubheka njengesono nje okubi. Kodwa lo mbono unephutha. Uma ubheka lesi sibalo uma Bazarov ngokucophelela, bese-ke kungenziwa kubhekwe bemvelo eqinile, okunenjongo zasebukhosini. Bazarov nihilism - iyona nokubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwengqondo yakhe kuphela. Turgenev, kunalokho, umuzwa nokukhungatheka umuntu unekhono enjalo fixated ku imfundiso enjalo isigamu ezithandayo futhi kulinganiselwe. Bazarov abakwazi kodwa ukuvusa ngokumthanda. Wayengumuntu onesibindi anesibindi, smart. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, futhi okuhle. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane ukuthi konke izingane ezweni basondela.

Njengoba ekuhloleni lombhali, ngokugcwele kulapho kubonakala noveli sokugcina. Tomb Bazarov, okuyinto ebangela abazali bakhe, ngokoqobo wangcwatshwa izimbali kanye zasemazweni, ngaphezu izinyoni ukucula. isimo ezingezona ezemvelo lapho abazali yokungcwaba izingane zabo. Ezemvelo izinkolelo babe protagonist. Futhi imvelo, waphakade, enhle futhi bahlakaniphe kangakanani, uqinisekisa ukuthi Bazarov eyayingalungile lapho ebona kulo kuphela ezibonakalayo ukuze afinyelele imigomo womuntu.

Ngakho, amaRoma Turgeneva "Obaba and Sons" kungabonakala njengoba debunking nihilism. Isimo Bazarov oluqonde nihilism - akuyona nje ukuzinikela, kuba ifilosofi yokuphila. Kodwa le mfundiso is wangabaza hhayi kuphela abantu asebebadala, kodwa futhi nokuphila ngokwayo. Bazarov, othandweni nokuhlupheka, ubulawa ngengozi, isayensi ayikwazi umsize futhi phezu ithuna lakhe namanje emangalisayo futhi eziphumulele Mother Nature.