MG-34-German. Umshini isibhamu kweMpi Yezwe II

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I (1914-1918) iSivumelwano SaseVersailles wamenqabela ukwenza amaJalimane ukuthuthukisa noma ukuveza noma yiphi izikhali, kuhlanganise amathangi, ngwenya bese ezizishintshayo. Kodwa nge eza emandleni amaNazi-1930 futhi ukuvuselelwa ibutho lamaJalimane iningi imikhawulo ngaphansi kweSivumelwano neziphathimandla kokululama, ngoba kabusha ukuqala impi entsha emhlabeni. Ngalesi sikhathi osomaqhinga bezempi German athuthukile nomqondo engasindi ephathekayo multi-purpose machine gun.

Air esikhundleni amanzi

Esikhathini esithile lesi sinqumo le MG-13. Ibe ngo-1930, waba rethinking machine gun kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe I ngamanzi selehlile Dreyse Model 1918 ukulungiswa emoyeni. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi ku umagazini 25-round noma 75-round isigubhu, futhi wamukelwa ibutho lamaJalimane njengezinga elifanayo machine gun. Ekugcineni, isibhamu machine ogibele amathangi kanye izindiza we Luftwaffe, kodwa ngokuvamile, kumlimaze okwenza kanye nomlilo ngejubane imizuliswano 600 ngomzuzu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu imodeli iye empini kudala njengoba 1934 futhi ithengiswe noma ibekwe ku USB.

Le nguqulo Swiss

ukuhluleka Isihlobo ukuthi behlelwa MG-13, zidinga ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe. Inkampani Rheinmetall-Borsig, wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izikhali kusukela 1889 ukugwema le okumiswe Versailles Treaty, ihlelwe ukusungulwa engumakhelwane Switzerland emthunzini "Solothurn" futhi baqhubeka ukusebenza komoya selehlile entsha. Phakathi Okokuqala Umhlaba izibhamu ngokuvamile selehlile ngamanzi, okuyinto nzima ababaphathisiwe futhi zokuthutha. Uhlolo ezenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 futhi ngokushesha igcwaliswe ukudalwa imodeli ezithuthukisiwe.

Yaba "Solothurn MG-30", wadala ngo-1930 I isibhamu umshini lalisetshenziswa Austria elingumakhelwane Hungary kanye eJalimane, kodwa iziphathimandla German wafuna ukuthola izikhali ngokunethezeka futhi ephathekayo, ekhuthaza ukuqhubeka umugqa. Ngokushesha, kwacaca ezivezwa MG-15, eyabonakala isiza kakhulu njengoba izikhali izindiza ukuzivikela futhi wathola oda ekulu ngemva ukwamukelwa olusemthethweni Luftwaffe.

Maschinengewehr 34

kwemvelo okuqhubekayo lo mugqa eyaqanjwa edume MG-34 - isibhamu umshini, eyaziwa nangokuthi Maschinengewehr 34, ihlanganisa izimfanelo engcono models langaphambilini, okufaka MG-30 futhi MG-15. Umphumela waba wamavukelambuso kangangokuba kwaba ngowokuqala kweqiniso umshini jikelele-njongo isibhamu - esisetshenziselwa lokushaya izikhali, ongenza imisebenzi eminingana ngaphandle kokushintsha isimo sawo eziyisisekelo. kumdlali owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi unjiniyela armorer Vollmer.

Ibutho lamaJalimane ngokushesha yokutholwa entsha machine gun, futhi elathathwa phakathi 1936. Ekuqaleni, inkampani yakhe ukukhiqizwa wahlanganyela Mauserwerke AG, kodwa ngokushesha ke ihlanganiswe ne Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG futhi Waffenwerke Brunn. Sekukonke, amayunithi 577.120 zavezwa kusuka 1935 kuya ku-1945.

Izici Key

Ngo base izilinganiso MG-34 machine gun olubabazeka kakhulu: obuphelele - 1219 mm ngezinga eliphakeme isiqu 627 mm kanti isisindo 12.1 kg. Isebenzisa esiyingqayizivele unhlangothi lemifisha ukujikeleza slide esangweni ishayela ukufinyela nomlomo buyisela emuva amplifier. MG-34 - isibhamu umshini, ubukhulu lapho okwakhethwa ngqo eqinisekisiwe 7,92x57 Mauser sokuzingela igobolondo. Linganisela lezi onobuhle okuqala aba 600-1000 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, sikhethe olulodwa noma othomathikhi labadubuli imodi. Ijubane kokuqala kwaba 762 m / s, okwenza kube lula hit ilitshe at amabanga kuze kube 1200 m. Lokhu ibanga zingandiswa ngokusebenzisa umshini oklanywe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali njengoba esindayo machine gun. Ukubona kuyinto ejwayelekile, kanye pitch ka m 100 2000 m.

design ergonomic

MG-machine gun 34 inedizayini komugqa lapho ingalo ukwesekwa kanye isiqu kukhona emgqeni efanayo engokomfanekiso. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ahlinzeke labadubuli more uzinze, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Ngesidunu siyisibonelo extension ergonomic kuya ezingemuva ibhokisi iphaneli ngesikhathi ibhokisi ngokwako "onesifumbu" kancane, ngephrofayela ukwenzela ukungena okuncane kakhulu. Ukuthengisela ejection ukuvuleka kalula phambi akachazeki kanye lesikhumba ivinjelwe ngendlela ezivamile. Eme phambi kwaleso imbobo kuyinto bezinhlamvu perforated ukumboza isiqu ngaphakathi kwalo. Esisogwini emgqonyeni oyindilinga ilangabi arrester. Lapho lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi elihamba ukwesekwa izikhali ngaphansi ikhava unamathele bipod ukusonga, Ukusabalalisa at kwalapho. Machine gun obuphelele olunjalo ludinga phambili ukwesekwa, ikakhulukazi lapho umcibisholo usesimweni lisalele.

air Ukupholisa

Izikhali zalolu hlobo has eyodwa ethile - ukwethembela zemvelo emoyeni ukupholisa afundwa emhlabeni emgqonyeni ngesikhathi kokudubula. Ngakho-ke, umgqomo ibekwe ngaphakathi bezinhlamvu perforated ukuthi ukubanda okunjalo okuye kwenzeka, kodwa lokhu isixazululo ayikuvumeli ukuba ukuqhuba isikhathi eside umlilo, okuyinto ebalulekile ukusekelwa isikhali noma ukucindezelwa. emigqeni esifushane elawulwa babe isimiso izibhamu ezinjalo. Njalo isibhamu 250 umgqomo ishintshwe, kanye jikelele nokuphila inkonzo isibhamu 6,000. Ukwenza kube lula ukushintsha onjiniyela German iye yasiza ukuvula ucingo, "eversion" zikuthola bezinhlamvu. Shooter esekwazi ukungena isiqu ngaphakathi izindlu ngokusebenzisa ezingemuva evulekile unit kanye ungayisusa ukuze esikhundleni. Khona-ke faka emgqonyeni entsha abandayo, futhi umlilo uqalisiwe njengento evamile.

izindlela sokudubula

Fire evuleka uma ucindezela inhlamvu, okuyinto liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Isigaba engenhla ephawulwe ngohlamvu E (Einzelfeuer) futhi unesibopho isibhamu esisodwa, futhi phansi, ephawulwe D incwadi (Dauerfeuer) futhi yakhelwe umlilo okuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho, othanda ukulwa angakwazi ukulawula supply izinhlamvu bafudumale emgqonyeni.

Supply izinhlamvu

MG-34 ugesi nakho okuye kwagxilwa kukho ekhethekile. Esikhathini umile isimo isikhali ngokuvamile inikwa amandla yi ishaja 50 round sigubhu 75 noma isigubhu ukushaja ezimbili poppet umphini (MG-15 design ifa). Ukuze iwenze ube lula ukulayisha uma usebenzisa 50-igobolondo itheyiphu lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela ephathekayo ukwesekwa izikhali. Uma kudingekile, lingasuswa exhunywe kwi nezinye kudabuke kuze icala egcwele 250 cartridges. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa itheyiphu umthwalo indlela futhi kunciphisa izinga umlilo.

izibhamu nezisebenzi

Ngemva MG-34 ngovivinyiwe umkhuba, basuke behlome ngemibese ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ibutho lamaJalimane - amabutho ekhethekile elihamba phansi. Omunye umshini isibhamu wakhonza ukubala, ehlanganisa abantu okungenani ababili. Omunye igcinwe Ukudutshulwa eyenziwa isikhali impi, kanye nezinye esasiphethe izinhlamvu, wayesiza kudabuke waxhumana ekuqedweni ukubambezeleka. Uma kudingekile, bangangisiza amalunga ethimba - bavunyelwe ukuphatha izibhamu extra, umshini amathuluzi noma Ammo owengeziwe.

Wayo yonke imisebenzi

Ikhipha i-MG-34 - isibhamu umshini njengoba tactically nezimo, washeshe wacosha zonke ukulwa imisebenzi kungenzeka. Kodwa injongo yayo eyinhloko kwaba elihamba ukwesekwa. Ngenxa yalesi isibhamu kwaba ifakwe bipod, futhi amasosha asebenzisa-amashaja 50 tape. Izinga komlilo bekulokhu iphuzu eqinile isikhali, kodwa umcibisholo ayethanda isibhamu esisodwa noma imisindo emifushane kakhulu ngokunemba kangcono.

Izinga eliphezulu kwakudingekile lapho MG-34 machine gun (isithombe yakhe Ukubuyekeza) enze umsebenzi anti-aircraft ukubhubhisa ongaphakeme-flying isitha izindiza. Kuze kube yimanje u exhunywe anti-aircraft umshini yokubeka, front futhi bakhulise anti-aircraft emehlweni viewfinders.

Heavy machine gun MG-34 (bheka isithombe. Esihlokweni) ukuqhuba umlilo okuqhubekayo isananyathiselwe kumshini Lafette 34. Lokhu inhlangano uhlanganisa esakhelwe sesikhashana indlela ukuyihlalisa ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko sokudubula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini owamukelayo ubeka emehlweni optical for kokulandela kangcono futhi ukushaya ilitshe buqamama.

MG-34 - isibhamu umshini, idivayisi okuvumela disassembly yayo esheshayo emkhakheni, okwenza ikwazi ukuhlanza, nivame futhi balungisa ngesikhathi esifushane. Precision Mechanics amadivayisi angalimaza zonke izinsalela yempi, ngakho-ke kwakubalulekile ukuba banamathele ngokuqinile isesimweni sokulungiswa ukusula izikhali kunoma yini engase iholele stop okwamanje esibi.

ukuphelela ebulalayo

Enye kusimo we MG-34 nenkinga evamile wonke nezibhamu pre-impi: ukukhiqizwa ephezulu namazinga izinga, edinga isikhathi esiningi, umzamo futhi izindleko. Lokhu kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi ukulwa machine gun MG-34 kwaba njalo eyindlala phakathi nempi, njengoba-ke kwakudingekile ukuba zonke izinkonzo German kuzo zonke izimpi. Ekugcineni, ukukhiqiza zabo baye baphoqeleka ukuba ukubhekana izitshalo ezinhlanu, nokunikela iintlabagelo ezingeziweko, isikhathi namandla ichithwa ukudalwa izengezo ukwenza imisebenzi yayo ehlukahlukene. isikhali Good Wayemnene kakhulu izimo lempi nokhahlo ezaholela ukuthuthukiswa inguqulo lula - ngokulinganayo edume MG-42 nezindaba ngo-1942.

ukulungiswa

MG-34 - isibhamu umshini, lapho umsebenzi wenziwa ngcono phakathi nempi. MG-34M jacket ezahlukene esindayo, ngoba kucatshangwa elisetshenziswa njengoba i anti-izisebenzi izikhali, ogibele iqoqo izimoto German zempi. Prototype MG-34s kanye version yokugcina MH-34/41 Uthole emgqonyeni mfushane (560 mm) yesilinganiso wokukhuphuka indima anti-aircraft izibhamu futhi babe umlilo okuzenzakalelayo kuphela. MG-34/41 yayihloselwe ukuthatha indawo MG-34, kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga ngenxa ukuvela uchungechunge ephumelelayo MG-42. MG-34/41 ayizange wamukelwe ngokomthetho, siqala ekhiqizwa kwezinye ubuningi.

MG-34 Panzerlauf ubekhonza njengombonisi isibhamu ethangini. Kulezi onobuhle esetshenziswa zezindlu esinamanzi izimbobo ezimbalwa kakhulu. Ngesidunu isusiwe iphrofayela emfishane esikhaleni elinganiselwe ngaphakathi German izimoto zempi. Noma kunjalo, ibhodi zithutha ukuguqulwa ikhithi ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ujike Panzerlauf emhlabathini ukukhanya machine gun kuleli cala, uma mina kwadingeka bayeke imoto. Isethi kuhlanganisa bipod, Butt kwamehlo.

Omunye nokulungiswa yakamuva ye-MG-34 - MG-81 machine gun, anti-aircraft isikhali ukuzivikela ukuba esikhundleni MG-15 zaphela. MG-81Z (Zwilling) isibe igatsha emgqeni kakhulu yokuxhuma ezimbili MG-34s inhlamvu esivame. Umklamo lashintsha ngendlela ezifana ukuvumela izibhamu amandla umshini nhlangothi zombili. Izinga ufinyelelwe i umxhwele 2800-3200 imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Ukukhiqizwa yochungechunge kunqunyelwe, njengoba ngaphezulu kwakudingeka MG-34s kwezinye izindawo.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngo-1942 kwaba khona isibhamu umshini MG-34/42, ukukhiqizwa kwe MG-34 akulona kuphazamisekile kuze kube sekupheleni kwempi e-Europe e-May 1945. Nakuba MG-42 kwakuhloselwe esikhundleni MG-34 njengendlela isikhali Frontline ukuthi futhi ngingakwazanga ukufinyelela ke amazinga kahle eliphezulu futhi, ekugcineni, udlale indima ibhekwa emklamweni zasendulo-1930.

ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke

MG-34-German machine gun ayengasetshenziselwa nje eJalimane futhi hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. analogs bakhona ngokushesha basakaza emhlabeni wonke. Kulawo mazwe, ibutho okuyinto wathatha it on ebhodini, - Algeria, e-Angola, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Finland, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary, Israyeli, Korea, neNyakatho yeVietnam, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan naseTurkey. I isibhamu umshini yasetshenziselwa ngesikhathi kulwiwa e China (1946-1950), lolo dweshu Arab-Israeli (1948), i-Korean neMpi (1950-1953), Vietnam (1955-1975). Kuze kube manje, kungatholakala ezindaweni ezikude lapho iyisikhali edume namanje obandakanya empini.